Terms

Gold Book Terms

¹³C-HMQC-NOESY ¹³C-NOESY-HSQC ¹⁵N-NOESY-HSQC ¹⁵N-TOCSY-HSQC 180° pulse

(chain) conformational repeating unit of a polymer C-terminal residue in a polypeptide C. I. P. system cadium–helium laser cage cage compound cage effect Cahn–Ingold–Prelog system calcination calcined coke calibration certificate calibration component calibration curve calibration function in analysis calibration gas mixture in atmospheric chemistry calibration in analysis calibration interval calibration material in analysis calibration mixture in analysis calibration sample in analysis calibration, k0 method calibrator in activation analysis calixarenes calorie calorimetric titration calorimetry candela \(\text{cd}\)candidate certified reference material candidate reference material canonical form canonical rate constant canonical variational transition-state theory capability capacitance hygrometer capacitance \(C\) of a plate capacitor capacitive microwave plasma capillary column in chromatography capillary condensation captodative effect capture capture cross-section capture γ-radiation carbaboranes carbamates carbanion carbena carbene analogues carbene metal complexes carbene radical anions carbene radical cations carbenes carbenium centre carbenium ion carbenoids carbinolamines carbinols carbinyl cations carbo-reduction carbocation carbocyclic compounds carbodiimides carbohydrates carbon carbon artifact carbon black carbon cenospheres carbon cloth carbon dioxide laser carbon electrode carbon felt carbon fibre carbon fibre fabrics carbon fibres type HM carbon fibres type HT carbon fibres type IM carbon fibres type LM carbon fibres type UHM carbon ink electrode carbon loading of the packing material carbon material carbon mix carbon paste electrode carbon whiskers carbon–carbon composite carbonaceous mesophase carbonitriles carbonium ion carbonization carbonothioyl-mediated radical polymerization carbonyl compounds carbonyl imides carbonyl imines carbonyl oxides carbonyl ylides carboranes carboxamides carboxamidines carboxylic acids carbylamines carbyne metal complexes carbynes carbynium ions carotenes carotenoids carrier carrier atom in organic reaction mechanisms carrier gas carrier in radioanalytical chemistry carrier protein carrier-free carry-over carry-over effect cascade impactor cascade mixing catabolism catabolite repression Catalán solvent parameters catalase catalymetric titration catalysed rate of reaction \(\xi_{\text{cat}}\)catalysis catalysis law catalyst catalyst ageing catalyst deactivation catalyst decay catalyst in solvent extraction catalyst precursor in coordination polymerization catalyst-transfer cross-coupling polymerization catalyst-transfer polymerization catalytic activity concentration \(b\)catalytic activity content \(z/m\)catalytic activity fraction of an isozyme catalytic activity \(z\) of an enzyme catalytic antibody catalytic chain termination catalytic chain transfer catalytic coefficient catalytic concentration catalytic content catalytic cracking catalytic current catalytic current, limiting catalytic cycle catalytic dehydrocyclization catalytic domain of a polypeptide of a polypeptide catalytic fraction catalytic graphitization catalytic hydrocracking catalytic hydrodesulfurization catalytic hydrogenolysis catalytic methanation catalytic reforming catalytic thermometric titration cataphoresis catecholamines catena- catenanes cathode cathodic stripping voltammetry cathodic transfer coefficient \(\alpha_{\text{c}}\)cation cation exchange cation exchanger cation radical cation-activated-monomer polymerization cation-exchange polymer cation-π interaction cationic polymer cationic polymerization cationic ring-opening polymerization cationotropic rearrangement cationotropy Cauchy function cause-and-effect diagram cavitands cavity dumping in photochemistry CBCA(CO)NH/HN(CO)CACB CBCANH/HNCACB CC(CO)NH cDNA ceiling value \(\text{CV}\)ceilometer in atmospheric chemistry cell constant of a conductivity cell cell error in spectrochemical analysis cell line Celsius temperature \(t\),\(\theta\)centi central atom centre burst centre of a Mössbauer spectrum centre of chirality centrifugal acceleration \(a_{\text{rot}}\)centrifugal barrier centrifugal flow centrifugal force \(F_{\text{rot}}\)centrifugal radius \(r\)cephalins cephalosporins cephams cephems ceramer ceramic ceramic filter ceramic precursor ceramic yield ceramic-reinforced polymer ceramization Cerenkov detector Cerenkov effect Cerenkov radiation cerimetric titration certification certified property value chain activation in SRMP chain activation in ATRP chain axis of a polymer chain branching chain carrier chain deactivation chain entanglement chain fission yield chain folding in polymer crystals chain in polymers chain initiation chain length \(\delta\)chain polymerization chain propagation in a chain polymerization chain reaction chain reactivation in a chain polymerization chain scission of a polymer chain termination in a chain polymerization chain transfer chain-ending step chain-orientational disorder in polymer crystals chain-propagating reaction chain-shuttling polymerization chain-termination reaction chain-transfer agent chain-walking polymerization chair–chair interconversion chair, boat, twist chalcones chamber saturation in gas chromatography change of a quantity change of mass change ratio of a quantity channel channel black channel photomultiplier tube channeling channeling effect channels ratio method chaperon char characteristic electron energy losses characteristic group in organic nomenclature characteristic in analytical chemistry characteristic length in thin films characteristic line characteristic mass for integrated absorbance \(m_{0}\) in electrothermal atomization characteristic mass for peak absorption \(m_{\text{p}}\) in electrothermal atomization characteristic mass \(m_{\text{c}}\) in electrothermal atomization characteristic potential characteristic ratio in polymers characteristic scale in thin films characteristic X-radiation characteristic X-ray emission charcoal charge charge carrier charge carrier concentration charge carrier diffusion charge carrier generation charge carrier injection charge carrier mobility charge carrier recombination charge coupled device charge density \(\rho\)charge hopping charge neutralization charge number in inorganic nomenclature charge number \(n\),\(\nu _{\text{e}}\),\(z\) of a cell reaction charge number \(z\)charge population charge recombination charge referencing charge separation charge shift charge transfer charge-transfer transition to solvent charge-exchange ionization in mass spectrometry charge-exchange reaction charge-inversion mass spectrum charge-permutation reaction charge-stripping reaction charge-transfer (CT) state charge-transfer (CT) transition charge-transfer adsorption charge-transfer complex charge-transfer device in radiation detection charge-transfer exciton charge-transfer reaction in mass spectrometry charge-transfer step of an electrode reaction charging potential charring chelate chelating polymer chelation chelatometric titration cheletropic reaction chelotropic reaction chemi-ionization in mass spectrometry chemical actinometer chemical activation chemical adsorption chemical amount chemical amplification chemical analysis chemical bond chemical decomposition chemical diffusion chemical dosimeter chemical element chemical equilibrium chemical flux \(\varphi\)chemical functionality chemical induction (coupling) chemical ionization in mass spectrometry chemical isotope exchange chemical laser chemical map chemical measurement process chemical modification chemical oxygen demand chemical potential \(\mu _{\text{B}}\)chemical purity chemical reaction chemical reaction equation chemical relaxation chemical shift anisotropy in NMR chemical shift in photoelectron and Auger spectra chemical shift \(\delta\) in NMR chemical species chemical species of an element chemical state in electron spectroscopy chemical state plot chemical substance chemical vapour generation in spectrochemical analysis chemical yield chemically bonded hybrid (material) chemically induced dynamic electron polarization chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization chemically initiated electron exchange luminescence chemically-modified electrode chemically-sensitive field effect transistor chemiexcitation chemiflux chemiluminescence chemiluminescence analyser chemiluminescent methods of detection in analysis chemisorption chemometrics chemoselectivity (chemoselective) chemospecificity chemostat chimney effect in atmospheric chemistry chiral chiral feature chiral mobile phase chiral recognition chiral selector chiral stationary phase in liquid chromatography chirality chirality axis chirality centre chirality element chirality plane chirality sense chiroptic/chiroptical chirotopic chloramines chlorocarbons chlorohydrins chloronium ions cholesteric phase Christiansen effect Christiansen filter chromatic aberration chromatogram chromatograph (noun) chromatograph (verb) chromatographic detector chromatography chromophore chromosome chronic toxicity chronoamperometry chronocoulometric constant chronocoulometry chronopotentiometric constant chronopotentiometry Chemically Induced Dynamic Electron Polarization Chemically Induced Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Chemically Initiated Electron Exchange Luminescence cine-substitution CIP priority circular birefringence circular development circular dichroism circular elution circular frequency cis conformation in polymers cis- in inorganic nomenclature cis-fused cis-trans isomers cis, trans cisoid conformation cistactic polymer class (a) metal ion class (b) metal ion class of helix in polymers clathrates clausius clay hybrid clean surface clean up in spectrochemical analysis clearance in renal toxicology clearance \(\Delta V/\Delta t\)clearing point clinal CLOGP values clone closed film closed shell molecular systems closed system in spectrochemical analysis closo- cloud in atmospheric chemistry cluster cluster analysis cluster ion in mass spectrometry co-ions co-oligomer co-oligomerization co-solvency in polymers CO2 laser coacervation coagulation in colloid chemistry coal tar pitch coal-derived pitch coke coalescence in colloid chemistry coalification coarctate cobalamines cobalt-mediated radical polymerization codon coefficient coefficient of haze \(\text{COH}\) in atmospheric chemistry coenzyme coextraction cofactors coherence length \(\zeta\) in thin films coherent (derived) unit of measurement coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy coherent radiation coherent scattering coherent source in spectrochemistry coherent structure coherent system of units of measurement of measurement coincidence circuit coincidence resolving time coke coke breeze coking col cold neutrons collection collection efficiency in atmospheric chemistry collection gas flow system in spectrochemical analysis collector collector in atmospheric chemistry colligation collimation collimator collinear reaction collision cascade collision complex collision cross-section \(\sigma\)collision density \(Z_{\text{AA}}\)collision diameter \(d\)collision efficiency \(B_{\text{c}}\)collision frequency \(z_{\text{A}}(\text{A})\)collision number collision theory collision-induced dissociation in mass spectrometry collisional activation in mass spectrometry collisional broadening of a spectral line collisional excitation in mass spectrometry colloid colloid osmotic pressure colloidal colloidal carbon colloidal dispersion colloidal electrolyte colloidal gel colloidal network colloidal processing colloidal suspension colloidally stable color scale colorimeter colour indicator colourability column chromatography column in chromatography column volume \(V_{\text{c}}\) in chromatography comb macromolecule comb polymer combination combination electrode combination transition combined electrode combined rotation and multiple pulse spectroscopy combined sample combustion gas commensurate–incommensurate transition common black film common-ion effect (on rates) communities commutability of a reference material compact layer in electrochemistry comparative molecular field analysis comparator in radioanalytical chemistry compartmental analysis compatible polymer blend compensation effect compensation in catalysis compensation in stereochemistry competence competition competitive binding assay competitive inhibition of catalysis complementary binding sites complementary DNA complete active space self-consistent field complete active space self-consistent field second-order perturbation theory complex complex coacervation complex mechanism complex reaction complex-mode reaction complexometric titration component composite composite alkalinity composite mechanism composite membrane composite reaction composite sample composition of pure air in atmospheric chemistry compositional depth profile compositional heterogeneity of polymers compressibility factor compression factor \(Z\)comproportionation Compton effect Compton electron Compton scattering Compton scattering analysis computational chemistry computational photochemistry computer-assisted drug design computer-assisted molecular design computer-assisted molecular modeling concave isotherm in chromatography concentrated phase in polymer chemistry concentration concentration depolarization concentration distribution ratio \(D_{\text{c}}\) in chromatography concentration factor in solvent extraction concentration gradient \(\text{grad}\: C\)concentration in experimental surface (or surface concentration) concentration overpotential concentration thermometric technique in enthalpimetric analysis concentration-cell corrosion concentration-sensitive detector in chromatography concerted process concerted reaction condensation in atmospheric chemistry condensation nuclei in atmospheric chemistry condensation polymerization condensation reaction condensative chain polymerization condensative chain polymerization condensed formula conditional (formal) potential conditional rate constant of an electrode reaction conditioning in solvent extraction conductance \(G\)conducting polymer conducting polymer composite conduction band conductivity \(\gamma\),\(\sigma \)conductometric titration conductometry conductor confidence level confidence limits (about the mean) configuration (electronic) configuration (stereochemical) configuration interaction configurational base unit in polymers configurational disorder in polymers configurational homosequence in polymers configurational repeating unit in polymers configurational sequence in polymers configurational unit in polymers confined atomizer conformance probability conformation conformational analysis conformational analysis in drug design conformational disorder in polymers conformational repeating unit of a polymer conformer conformity assessment congener conglomerate congruent transition conical intersection coning and quartering in analytical chemistry conjugate acid–base pair conjugate solutions conjugated polymer conjugated system conjugation conjugation in gene technology conjugation labelling in radioanalytical chemistry conjugative mechanism conjunctive name connectivity connectivity in polymer chemistry conrotatory conrotatory consecutive reactions consecutive steps consensus property value conservation of orbital symmetry consignment in analytical chemistry consistency consolute point constant time evolution constituent constitution constitutional heterogeneity of polymers constitutional homosequence constitutional isomerism constitutional repeating unit in polymers constitutional sequence in polymers constitutional unit constitutive enzymes contact angle contact corrosion contact ion pair contact potential difference contamination content continuity inversion in solvent extraction continuous analyser continuous bed packing in liquid chromatography continuous flow continuous flow enthalpimetry continuous indication analyser continuous measuring cell continuous operation in analysis continuous precipitation continuous scan interferometer continuous transition continuous wave (CW) laser continuous-flow cell in spectrochemical analysis continuously curved chain in polymers continuum source in atomic spectroscopy contour length in polymers contributing structure control chart control limit control material in analysis control sample in analysis controlled anionic polymerization controlled atmosphere in atmospheric chemistry controlled cationic polymerization controlled ionic polymerization controlled polymerization controlled radical polymerization convection (as applied to air motion) convenience sample conventional mass conventional quantity value conventional transition-state theory conventional true value conversion cross-section conversion electron conversion spectrum convex isotherm in chromatography cooperative transition cooperativity coordinate covalence coordinate link coordination coordination entity coordination number coordination polyhedron coordination polymerization coordination ring-opening polymerization coordination-addition polymerization coordination-insertion polymerization coordinative chain-transfer polymerization coordinatively saturated complex coordinatively unsaturated complex coordinator of an interlaboratory comparison copolymer copolymer micelle copolymerization copper vapour laser coprecipitation copy number in biotechnology core atom in organic reaction mechanisms Coriolis coupling Coriolis force coronands corrected emission spectrum corrected excitation spectrum corrected retention volume in gas chromatography correlation analysis correlation coefficient correlation diagram correlation energy correlation spectroscopy in NMR correlation spectroscopy through long-range coupling correlation time corrinoids (cobalamines, corphyrins, corrins, vitamin B12 compounds) corrosion corrosion cell corrosion current corrosion potential \(E_{\text{cor}}\)corrosion rate cosolvent cosphere cotectic Cottrell equation coulomb \(\text{C}\)coulomb integral \(H_{\text{rr}}\)coulomb radius Coulomb repulsion coulometer coulometric detection method in electrochemical analysis coulometric titration coulometric titration coulometry coumarins count counter tube counter-current flow counter-ions in colloid chemistry counting efficiency counting loss counting rate coupled (indicator) reaction in analysis coupled cluster (CC) method coupled simultaneous techniques in analysis coupling coupling constant (spin-spin) \(J\)covalent bond covalent network Cox–Yates equation cracking crater depth crazing cream cream volume creaming creep cresols critical angle critical embryo critical energy critical excitation energy \(E_{\text{q}}\) in in situ microanalysis critical ion-concentration in an ionomer critical micelle concentration critical point critical pressure \(p_{\text{c}}\)critical quenching radius \(r_{0}\)critical solution composition critical solution point critical solution temperature critical study critical temperature \(T_{\text{c}}\)critical thickness of a film of a film critical value cross polarization cross polarization with magic angle spinning NMR cross reaction cross reactivity cross section in radiation chemistry cross-conjugation cross-flow filtration in biotechnology cross-over concentration \(c^{*}\)cross-sectioning crossed electric and magnetic fields in mass spectrometry crossed molecular beams crossing over in biotechnology crosslink crosslink density crosslinking crosslinking site crowding in solvent extraction crown crown conformation crud in solvent extraction cryogenic cryogenic sampling cryptand cryptate crystal diffraction spectrometer crystal field crystal field splitting crystal laser crystal photochemistry crystalline electrodes crystalline polymer crystallinity crystallization CT cumulative double bonds cumulative fission yield cumulative sample cumulative sum control chart cumulenes cumulonimbus cloud in atmospheric chemistry cumulus cloud in atmospheric chemistry cupola curie curing curly arrows current density current density (relative local) current distribution current efficiency current migration current sampling current yield current-potential curve Curtin–Hammett principle curve-crossing model cut off in aerosol sizes","in atmospheric chemistry cut-off filter cut-on filter CVD diamond CW cyanates cyanides cyanine dyes cyanogenic cyanohydrins cybotactic region cycles per second cyclic acid anhydrides cyclic voltammetry cyclitols cyclization cyclo- cycloaddition cycloalkanes cycloalkyl groups cyclodepsipeptides cyclodextrins cycloelimination cyclohexadienyl cations cyclone (collector) in atmospheric chemistry cyclophanes cyclopolymerization cycloreversion cyclosilazanes cyclosiloxanes cyclotron cytochrome P450 cytochromes σ-constant χ-parameter

three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationships d, l, dl d, l, dl dalton damage limit dark current dark electric conductivity dark output dark photochemistry (photochemistry without light) dark reaction dark resistance Darlington phototransistor DAS data reduction dative bond Dauben–Salem–Turro rules daughter ion in mass spectrometry daughter product in radiochemistry Davydov splitting day DC polarography de Mayo reaction de-electronation de-energization efficiency deactivation deactivator in ATRP dead polymer chain dead time correction in radioanalytical chemistry dead time in radioanalytical chemistry dead time of an analyser dead-volume in chromatography debye Debye–Hückel equation deca decadic absorbance \(A\)decay chain decay constant decay curve decay rate in atmospheric chemistry decay rate of a radioactive material decay scheme in radioanalytical chemistry decay time in heterogenous catalysis deci decibel decision rule in conformity assessment decomposition decontamination factor in liquid-liquid distribution decoupling in the presence of scalar interactions DEDMR definitive method deflection (for a precision balance) deflocculation deformation vibration degeneracy degenerate chain branching degenerate chemical reaction degenerate orbitals degenerate rearrangement degenerative chain transfer degenerative chain-transfer radical polymerization degenerative-transfer polymerization degree Celsius degree Fahrenheit degree of activation degree of arc degree of association of a micelle degree of crystallinity of a polymer degree of dissociation degree of inhibition degree of ionization degree of polymerization degree of reaction \(\alpha\)degrees of cistacticity and transtacticity degrees of freedom \(\nu\)degrees of triad isotacticity, syndiotacticity, and heterotacticity dehydroarenes dehydrobenzenes delayed coincidence delayed coke delayed coking process delayed fluorescence delayed luminescence delayed neutrons delayed onset in an X-ray absorption spectrum delayed-neutron activation analysis deliquescence delocalization delocalization energy delocalization in theoretical organic chemistry delocalization of electrons delta layer demister denaturation of a macromolecule denaturation of alcohol dendrimer dendrite denitrification densification density inversion in solvent extraction density of states \(N_{E}\),\(r(E)\)density \(\rho\)denticity denuder system (tube or assembly) deodorizer in atmospheric chemistry deoxyribonucleic acids dephasing depolarization of scattered light depolarization ratio depolarized Raman band depolarizer depolymerization deposition in atmospheric chemistry deposition velocity in atmospheric chemistry depsides depsipeptides depth of penetration of light depth profile depth profiling depth resolution depth resolution parameter depth-profiling deracemization derivative potentiometric titration derivative spectroscopy derived coherent unit derived kind of quantity derived non-coherent unit derived quantity derived unit of measurement descending elution/development in planar chromatography deshielding desiccant desolvation in flame spectroscopy desorption desorption (by displacement) desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry desulfurization desymmetrization desymmetrization step detachment detailed balancing (principle of) detection efficiency in nuclear analytical chemistry detection limit detection limit in analysis detector gate width detergent determination detoxification deuteriation deuteride deuterio deuterium deuteron deviation \(d\)devolatilizer dew point hygrometer (cooled surface condensation) dew point in atmospheric chemistry Dexter excitation transfer dextrans dextrins DFDMR di-π-methane rearrangement di-π-silane rearrangement diabatic coupling diabatic electron transfer diabatic photoreaction diacylamines diads in polymers diagram level in X-ray spectroscopy diagram line in X-ray spectroscopy dialysate dialysis dialysis residue diamagnetic diamidides diamond diamond by CVD diamond-like carbon films dianions diastereoisomer excess diastereoisomeric units in a polymer diastereoisomerism diastereoisomerization diastereoisomers diastereomeric ratio diastereomers diastereomorphism diastereoselectivity diastereoselectivity diastereotopic diazanylidenes diazenyl radicals diazo compounds diazoamino compounds diazoates diazonium salts diazooxides diazotates dicarbenium ions dichotomous sampler dichroic filter dichroic mirror dichroism dielectric constant dielectric material dielectric polarization \(P\)dielectrometry dienes dienophile difference absorption spectroscopy difference spectroscopy difference transition differential capacitance differential detector in chromatography differential diffusion coefficient differential molar energy of adsorption differential molar interfacial energy differential molar surface excess energy differential pulse voltammetry differential scanning calorimetry differential spectrum differential thermal analysis differential viscosity diffraction diffraction analysis diffuse layer in electrochemistry diffuse reflectance diffuse reflection diffuse reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy diffuse transmission diffused junction semiconductor detector diffuser diffusion diffusion battery diffusion coefficient \(D\)diffusion control diffusion current diffusion current constant in polarography diffusion layer diffusion layer thickness diffusion ordered spectroscopy diffusion potential diffusion-controlled rate diffusional transition diffusionless transition dihedral angle diisotactic polymer dilatancy dilational transition dilational viscosity diluent gas diluent in solvent extraction dilute limit in secondary-ion mass spectrometry dilute phase in polymer chemistry dilute solution diluter dilution rate \(D\) in biotechnology dimension of a quantity dimensionless Henry’s law solubility constant defined via amount concentrations dimensionless Henry’s law volatility constant defined via amount concentrations dimensionless quantities dimeric ion in mass spectrometry dimerization Dimroth–Reichardt E_T parameter diode laser diols diosphenols dioxin dipolar aprotic solvent dipolar bond dipolar compounds dipolar coupling in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy dipolar cycloaddition dipolar ions dipolar mechanism of energy transfer dipole coupling dipole length dipole moment dipole moment per volume dipole-induced dipole forces dipole–dipole interaction dipyrrins dipyrromethenes diradicaloid diradicals direct (radiochemical) isotope dilution analysis direct amplification direct analysis in real time direct coulometry at controlled current direct coulometry at controlled potential direct current direct current glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy direct effect direct fission yield direct reaction direct recoil spectroscopy direct spectrum direct thermometric method in enthalpimetric analysis direct titration direct transfer gas flow system in spectrochemical analysis direct-injection burner (for analytical flame spectroscopy) direct-injection enthalpimetry directly-ionizing radiation disaccharides disappearance cross section discomfort threshold in atmospheric chemistry discontinuous analyser discontinuous indication of an analyser discontinuous measuring cell discontinuous phase transition discontinuous precipitation discontinuous simultaneous techniques in analysis discrete transport discriminant analysis discriminator disintegration constant disintegration energy \(Q\)disintegration rate of a radioactive material disjoining pressure (for the attraction between two surfaces) dismutation dispenser dispersion (for spectroscopic instruments) dispersion forces dispersion in atmospheric chemistry dispersion of a sample in atomic spectroscopy dispersion plane in X-ray reflectrometry dispersive Fourier-transform spectroscopy dispersive spectrometer dispersive transport of charge carriers displacement chromatography displacive transition disproportionation disrotatory disruptor dissociation dissociation energy \(E_{\text{d}}\),\(D\)dissociative adsorption dissociative ionization in mass spectrometry dissociative surface reaction dissolution dissymmetry in stereochemistry dissymmetry of scattering distonic radical cation distortion interaction model distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer distribuend distribution distribution coefficient distribution constant distribution constant in chromatography distribution function in polymers distribution isotherm in chromatography distribution ratio \(D\) in liquid-liquid distribution disyndiotactic polymer ditactic polymer diterpenoids dithioacetals diurnal variation in atmospheric chemistry divided spinning cell dividing surface DM-interference DNA DNA probe Dobson unit in atmospheric chemistry docking studies dodecahedro- dolichols donicity Donnan emf Donnan equilibrium Donnan exclusion Donnan pressure donor number (DN) dopant doping in catalysis doping in polymer chemistry Doppler broadening of a spectral line dormant species Dorn effect dosage in atmospheric chemistry dose dose equivalent \(H\)dose in radioanalytical chemistry dose of a substance dose-response and dose-effect relationships double escape peak double injection double pulsed-field gradient spin-echo excitation double resonance double-beam spectrometer double-beam spectrometer (for luminescence spectroscopy) double-focusing mass spectrograph double-focusing mass spectrometer double-labelled protein double-layer double-layer current double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy double-quantum filtered correlation spectroscopy double-strand chain in polymers double-strand copolymer double-strand macromolecule double-strand polymer double-wavelength spectroscopy doublet state doubling time \(t_{\text{D}}\) in biotechnology down-time in analysis downconversion downfield downstream in membrane processes downwash in atmospheric chemistry drift drift current drift velocity in electricity driving force (affinity) of a reaction \(A\)driving force (for electron transfer) drop time in polarography droplet in atmospheric chemistry dropping mercury electrode Drude–Nernst equation (for electrostriction) drug drug design dry bulb temperature in atmospheric chemistry drying agent drying control chemical additive dual fluorescence of systems or molecular species dual substituent-parameter equation dual viewing mode dual-beam profiling dual-mode photochromism dust collector in atmospheric chemistry dust fall in atmospheric chemistry dust in atmospheric chemistry dwell time dye laser dynamic emittance matching dynamic field(s) mass spectrometer dynamic interfacial tension dynamic membrane formation dynamic NMR dynamic quenching dynamic range of an analyser dynamic reaction path dynamic secondary-ion mass spectrometry dynamic spectrum dynamic surface tension dynamic thermomechanometry dynamic viscosity \(\eta\)dyne dyotropic rearrangement dypnones Δ (delta), Λ (lambda)

E_sum E, Z E/Z photoisomerization early-downhill surface echo time eclipsed (eclipsing) eclipsing conformation eclipsing strain ectohormone eddy eddy dispersion educt effective attenuation length effective cadmium cut-off energy in nuclear analytical chemistry effective charge effective chimney height effective half life effective molarity effective theoretical plate number of a chromatographic column effective thermal cross-section effective thickness of diffusion layer effectively infinite thickness in flame spectroscopy effectiveness effector efficiency of a counter efficiency of atomization in analytical flame spectroscopy efficiency of nebulization \(\varepsilon_{\text{n}}\) in flame spectrometry efficiency spectrum efficiency \(\eta\) of a step efflorescence effluent effluent in chromatography eicosanoids eighteen-electron rule einstein Einstein equation Einstein photoelectric equation El-Sayed rules elastic collision elastic peak elastic peak electron spectroscopy elastic scattering cross section elastic scattering in reaction dynamics elastic scattering in spectrochemistry elastically active network chain elastomer electret electric capacitance electric charge \(Q\)electric coherence length \(\xi_{\text{E}}\) in thin films electric conductance \(G\)electric conductivity electric conductor electric current density \(j\)electric current \(I\)electric dipole moment \(p\)electric discharge electric displacement \(D\)electric drift electric field (strength) \(E\)electric mobility \(u\),\(\mu \)electric polarizability \(\alpha\)electric potential difference \(\Delta V\) of a galvanic cell electric potential \(V\)electric resistance \(R\)electric resistivity electric sector in mass spectrometry electrical anharmonicity electrical arc electrical double-layer electrical harmonicity electrical hygrometer electrically conducting polymer electrically conducting polymer composite electrified interphase electro-dialysis electro-endosmosis electro-optic effect electro-optic parameter electro-osmosis electro-osmotic hold-up time \(t_{\text{eo}}\) in capillary electromigration electro-osmotic mobility \(u\),\(\mu _{\text{eo}}\) in capillary electromigration electro-osmotic pressure electro-osmotic velocity electro-osmotic volume flow electroactive substance electrocapillarity electrocapillary equation electrocatalysis electrochemical biosensor electrochemical cell electrochemical constants electrochemical detection in flowing systems electrochemical detector in gas chromatography electrochemical impedance spectroscopy electrochemical method of detection in analysis electrochemical piezoelectric microgravimetry electrochemical potential electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance electrochemical sensor electrochemiluminescence electrochromic effect electrochromic polymer electrocyclic reaction electrode electrode array electrode coverage density electrode current density \(j\)electrode memory electrode potential \(E\)electrode process electrode reaction electrode reaction rate constants electrode surface area electrodecantation (or electrophoresis convection) electrodeposition electrofluorescence electrofuge electrogenerated chemiluminescence electrographite electrogravimetry electroinjection electrokinetic potential \(\zeta\)electroluminescence electroluminescent polymer electrolyte electrolytic cell electrolytic hygrometer electromagnetic field electromagnetic field responsive polymer electromagnetic radiation electromagnetic transition electromeric effect electromigration electromotive force \(E\)electron electron acceptor electron affinity \(E_{\text{ea}}\)electron attachment electron back-transfer electron beam curing electron capture electron capture detector in gas chromatography electron charge electron configuration electron correlation electron density electron density function electron detachment electron donor electron emission spectrometry electron energy analyser electron energy in mass spectrometry electron energy loss spectroscopy electron energy loss spectrum electron exchange excitation transfer electron flooding electron impact ionization in mass spectrometry electron inelastic mean free path electron ionization in mass spectrometry electron jump electron kinetic energy electron microscopy electron number density electron number of an electrochemical reaction electron paramagnetic resonance electron probe microanalysis electron probe X-ray microanalysis electron pushing electron rest mass electron retardation electron spectrometer electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis electron stopping power in X-ray emission spectroscopy electron transfer electron transfer photosensitization electron tunneling electron work function \(\mathit{\Phi}\)electron-counting rules electron-deficient bond electron-deficient compounds electron-deficient molecule electron-donor-acceptor complex electron-pair acceptor electron-pair donor electron-rich molecule electron-transfer catalysis electron-transfer ring-opening metathesis polymerization electronation electronegativity electroneutrality principle electronic chemical potential electronic configuration electronic effect of substituents: symbols and signs electronic energy migration (or hopping) electronic reference to access in vivo concentrations electronic stability electronic state electronic stopping cross section electronic transition electronically excited state electronvolt electrophile electrophilic chain polymerization electrophilic substitution electrophilicity electrophoresis electrophoresis convection electrophoretic mobility \(\mu\)electrophoretic velocity \(\nu_{\text{ep}}\)electrophosphorescence electrophotography electrorheological effect electrosmosis electrospray laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry electrostatic filter electrostatic precipitator electrostriction electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy electrothermal atomizer in spectrochemical analysis electrothermal vaporization electroviscous effects element element effect element of chirality elemental map elemental relative sensitivity factor elementary charge \(e\)elementary entity elementary particle in nuclear chemistry elementary reaction elimination ellipsometry ellipticity eluate eluent elute elution elution band in chromatography elution chromatography elution curve elutriation emanation thermal analysis embryo emission emission anisotropy emission control equipment in atmospheric chemistry emission flux in atmospheric chemistry emission in atmospheric chemistry emission spectrum emittance \(\varepsilon\)empirical formula emulsifier emulsion enamines enantioconvergence enantioenriched enantiomer enantiomeric excess enantiomeric groups enantiomeric purity enantiomeric ratio enantiomeric units in a polymer enantiomerically enriched enantiomerically pure enantiomerism enantiomerization enantiomorph enantiomorphous structures in polymers enantiopure enantioselectivity enantiotopic enantiotropic mesophase enantiotropic transition encapsulation in catalysis encounter encounter complex encounter control encounter pair encounter-controlled rate end-group end-point end-point error end-to-end distance in polymers end-to-end vector in polymers endergonic reaction endo, exo, syn, anti endocytosis endoenzymes endothermic reaction ene reaction energized species energy band energy band theory energy dispersion in emission spectrometry energy dispersive detector energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis energy edge energy flux density energy gap energy gradient energy hypersurface energy level of a free atom, ion or molecule energy migration energy of a radiation energy of activation energy of activation of an electrode reaction energy pooling energy profile energy resolution in radiochemistry energy storage efficiency \(\eta\)energy threshold in radiochemistry energy transfer in photochemistry energy transfer plot in photochemistry energy yield of luminescence energy \(E\)enforced concerted mechanism enhanced elastic cross section enhanced phosphorescence analysis in luminescence spectroscopy enhancement reaction in analytical chemistry enhancer enolates enols enophile enoses enrichment factor \(S\) in liquid-liquid distribution enrichment, isotopic ent entanglement network entatic state entering group enthalpimetric analysis enthalpimetric flow injection analysis enthalpimetric titration enthalpimetry enthalpogram enthalpy of activation \(\Delta ^{\ddagger}H^{\,\unicode{x26ac}}\)enthalpy of immersion enthalpy of wetting enthalpy \(H\)entitic entitic quantity entrainment in atmospheric chemistry entrainment in photochemistry entrance channel entropy of activation \(\Delta ^{\ddagger}S^{\,\unicode{x26ac}}\)entropy unit entropy \(S\)envelope conformation environmental monitoring environmental stress cracking enzyme activator enzyme activity enzyme induction in general chemistry enzyme induction in medicinal chemistry enzyme inhibitor enzyme repression enzyme substrate electrode enzyme thermistor enzyme-modified electrode enzymes enzymic decomposition epi-phase epicadmium neutrons epigenetic epihalohydrins epimerization epimers episulfonium ions epithermal neutrons epitope epoxides epoxy compounds equalization of electronegativity, principle of equatorial equilibration equilibrium constant equilibrium control equilibrium dialysate equilibrium distance in a molecule equilibrium electrode potential equilibrium film equilibrium geometry equilibrium isotope effect equilibrium reaction equilibrium sedimentation equilibrium solution equivalence point equivalence postulate in polymer chemistry equivalence-point equivalent chain in polymers equivalent diameter equivalent entity erg Ernst angle erosion rate of a surface error of measurement erythro structures in a polymer erythro, threo ESCA escape depth (for surface analysis techniques) Esin and Markov coefficient esters ET-value \(E_{\text{T}}\)ethers euatmotic reaction eupeptide bond eutectic reaction evaluation function evanescent wave Evans hole evaporation even-electron ion evolved gas analysis evolved gas detection Ewens–Bassett number exa excess acidity excess mass (at a solid/liquid interface) excess Rayleigh ratio excess volume (at a solid/liquid interface) exchange current of an electrode reaction exchange extraction exchange integral exchange labelling exchange repulsion exchange spectroscopy exchange-inversion transition excimer excimer lamp excimer laser excimer-luminescence in luminescence quenching excipient in toxicology exciplex exciplex-luminescence in luminescence quenching excitation excitation energy excitation energy in in situ microanalysis excitation level in X-ray spectroscopy excitation profile excitation sculpting excitation spectrum excitation transfer excitation-emission spectrum excited state exciton exciton annihilation exciton diffusion exciton dissociation exciton mean free path exciton-phonon coupling excluded volume of a macromolecule in polymers excluded volume of a segment in polymers exclusion chromatography exergonic reaction exfoliated graphite exfoliation exit channel exitance exo exoenzymes exon exothermic reaction expansion factor in polymers expectation value expected value experimental absorbance experimental perturbational calculation experimental scattered-ion intensity explosivity limits exponential decay exposure in medicinal chemistry exposure exposure in nuclear chemistry exposure in photochemistry expression in biotechnology extended Hammett equation extended Hückel MO method extended X-ray absorption fine structure extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy extended-chain crystal in polymers extender extensive quantity extent of an interface (surface) extent of electron delocalization extent of reaction \(\xi\)external compensation external heavy atom effect external ion return external ion-pair return external photoelectric effect external quantum yield external reflection spectroscopy external return external standard in chromatography external standardization for quenching correction external surface exterplex extinction extinction coefficient extra-column volume in chromatography extract (noun) extract (verb) extractability in solvent extraction extractant extracting agent extraction extraction (equilibrium) constant extraction coefficient extraction factor \(D_{\text{m}}\)extraction field extraction fractionation of polymers extraction in process liquid-liquid distribution extraction isotherm extraction process in catalysis extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry extractor voltage in secondary ion mass spectrometry extraordinary wave extrapolated range in radiochemistry extremophiles extrinsic plasmon extrinsic semiconductor extrusion transformation α-expulsion in photochemistry π-electron acceptor/donor group ρσ-equation

f number f-functional branch point f-functional branch unit fabric filter fac- factor factor-group splitting fall time fallout in atmospheric chemistry fanning in atmospheric chemistry farad faradaic current faradaic current density faradaic demodulation current faradaic rectification current Faraday constant Faraday cup collector Faraday’s laws of electrolysis fast atom bombardment ionization fast field cycling NMR relaxometry fast neutrons fast-atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectroscopy fast-atom bombardment secondary ion mass spectrometry fatigue of a photochromic system fatty acids feed rate in catalysis feed-back inhibition in biotechnology feedback in analysis feedback in kinetics femto fenestranes Fenton reaction fermentation fermenter fermi Fermi energy Fermi level referencing Fermi level \(E_{\text{F}}\)Fermi resonance fermion feromone ferredoxin ferrimagnetic transition ferrocenophanes ferroelastic transition ferroelectric (antiferroelectric) transition ferroelectric polymer ferroic transition ferromagnetic polymer ferromagnetic transition fertile in radioanalytical chemistry fibrillar morphology fibrous activated carbon fibrous carbon fibrous crystal in polymers in polymers fiducial group field desorption in mass spectrometry field effect field effect phototransistor field ionization in mass spectrometry field level field-effect transistor field-induced migration filamentous carbon fill factor of a solar cell filler filler coke filling solution of a reference electrode film film badge in radioanalytical chemistry film element film tension filter filter of a radiation filter spectrometer filtration final energy state fine structure constant \(\alpha\)finesse of a spectrometer fingerprint bands fingerprint region first-order phase transition first-pass effect Fischer projection Fischer–Rosanoff convention Fischer–Tollens projection fissile of a material fission fragment ionization in mass spectrometry fission fragments fission neutrons fission products fission yield fissionable fitness for purpose fixed ions fixed neutral loss (gain) scan in mass spectrometry fixed neutral loss (gain) spectrum in mass spectrometry fixed precursor ion scan in mass spectrometry fixed product ion scan in mass spectrometry fixed product ion spectrum in mass spectrometry flagpole flame in flame atomic spectroscopy flame atomic spectrometer flame atomic spectroscopy flame ionization detector in gas chromatography flame photometric detector in gas chromatography flame photometry flame-in-tube atomizer in spectrochemical analysis flammable limits flash fluorimetry flash lamps flash photolysis flash point flash vacuum pyrolysis flat band potential (at a semiconductor/solution interphase) flat bands flavins flavonoids (isoflavonoids and neoflavonoids) flavoproteins flavylium salts flip angle floating monolayer floc flocculation floccule Flory–Huggins theory flotation flow analysis flow birefringence flow enthalpimetry flow injection flow injection enthalpimetry flow rate in chromatography flow rate in flame emission and absorption spectrometry flow rate of a quantity flow rate of unburnt gas mixture in flame emission and absorption spectrometry flow reactor flow resistance parameter \(\mathit{\Phi}\) in chromatography flow spoiler flow-programmed chromatography flue gas in atmospheric chemistry flue gas scrubber in atmospheric chemistry fluence rate \(E_{\unicode{x26ac}}\)fluence \(F\),\(\varPsi \),\(H_{0}\)fluid coke fluidity \(\phi\)fluidized bed fluoresceins fluorescence fluorescence error in spectrochemical analysis fluorescence excitation of X-rays fluorescence lifetime fluorescence resonance energy transfer fluorescence yield fluorimeter fluorocarbons fluorogenic fluorohydrins fluorophore fluoropolymers flux depression flux monitor flux of a beam of particles flux perturbation flux \(J_{\text{X}}\) of a quantity fluxional fly ash in atmospheric chemistry foam foam fractionation foaming agent focused ion beam system fog fog horizon in atmospheric chemistry folates fold domain in polymer crystals fold in polymer crystals fold plane in polymer crystals fold surface in polymer crystals folded-chain crystal in polymers folding in spectroscopy foot forbidden line in X-ray spectroscopy force constants force-field calculation force \(F\)foreign-gas broadening formal charge formal electrode potential formamidine disulfides formation constant formazans Förster cycle Förster excitation transfer Förster-resonance-energy transfer forward scattering fossil fuel fouling agent in catalysis fouling in membrane processes Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer Fourier transform spectrometer Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy Fourier-transform Raman spectroscopy Fourier-transform spectroscopy fractal agglomerate fractal dimension \(d\)fraction fraction collector in chromatography fraction extracted \(E\)fractional change of a quantity fractional ion yield fractional selectivity in catalysis fractional sputtering yield fractionation of analytes fractionation of polymers fragment ion in mass spectrometry fragmentation fragmentation reaction in mass spectrometry frame-shift mutation Franck–Condon principle Franck–Condon state franklin free charge density on the interface free charge-carrier photogeneration free electron laser free energy free induction decay free radical free rotation free spectral range free spiro union free-running laser freely draining freely jointed chain in polymers freely rotating chain in polymers freezing freezing out in atmospheric chemistry frequency distribution frequency doubling frequency-domain fluorometry frequency \(f\),\(\nu \)frequency \(\nu\),\(\omega\) in photochemistry Fresnel reflection FRET friction coefficient friction factor \(\mu\)frictional coefficient \(f\) in polymer chemistry fringed-micelle model in polymer crystals front surface geometry in luminescence frontal chromatography frontier orbitals fronting in chromatography frost point hygrometer froth flotation Frumkin effect frustrated Lewis acid-base pair fucolipid fuel cycle (nuclear) fuel element (nuclear) fuel reprocessing (nuclear) fugacity coefficient \(\phi\)fugacity \(f\),\(\tilde{p}\)fulgides full energy peak full width at half maximum fullerenes fulminates fulvalenes fulvenes fume in atmospheric chemistry fumes fumigation in atmospheric chemistry functional class name functional group functional parent functional polymer functionality \(f\) of a monomer fungicide furanocoumarins furanoses furnace black furnace pyrolysis in spectrochemical analysis furocoumarins fusion in biotechnology fusion name FWHM (Full Width at Half Maximum)

g index in G-SIMS G value in nuclear chemistry G-SIMS G-SIMS with fragmentation pathway mapping gain \(G\) of a photomultiplier Galvani potential difference galvanic cell galvanic corrosion galvanostat gamma-ray spectrometry gas analysis installation in atmospheric chemistry gas black gas chromatography gas constant gas laser gas sensing electrode gas-filled phototube gas-filled X-ray detector gas-liquid chromatography gas-phase acidity gas-phase basicity gas-phase-grown carbon fibres gas-solid chromatography gaseous diffusion separator in atmospheric chemistry gate delay in laser induced breakdown spectroscopy gated decoupling gated photochromism gated photodetector gauche gauche conformation in polymers gauche effect gauss Gaussian band Gaussian band shape Gaussian orbital GD-OES spectrometers with simultaneous detection Geiger counter Geiger–Muller counter tube gel gel aging gel fraction gel permeation chromatography gel point gel time gelation gelation temperature geminate ion pair geminate pair geminate recombination gene gene amplification gene library gene manipulation general acid catalysis general acid–base catalysis general base catalysis general force field generalized transition-state theory generally labelled tracer generation time \(t_{\text{G}}\) in biotechnology generator coupling efficiency in inductively-coupled plasma spectrometry genetic algorithm genetic code genome genomics genotype geometric mean \(\bar{x}_{\rm{g}}\)geometric attenuation geometric isomerism geometric surface (interface) area geometrical equivalence in polymers geometry (counting) in radioanalytical chemistry geometry factor in radioanalytical chemistry germylenes germylidenes Gibbs adsorption Gibbs dividing surface Gibbs energy (function) \(G\)Gibbs energy diagram Gibbs energy of activation \(\Delta ^{\ddagger}G^{\,\unicode{x26ac}}\)Gibbs energy of photoinduced electron transfer Gibbs energy of repulsion Gibbs energy profile Gibbs film elasticity Gibbs surface giga glass electrode error glass laser glass pH-sensitive electrode glass transition glass-like carbon glass-transition temperature glassy carbon electrode global analysis globally optimized alternating-phase rectangular pulses globular-chain crystal in polymers glove box glow discharge source glow electric discharge glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy glycals glycans glycaric acids glycerides glycerophospholipid glycitols glyco-amino-acid glycoconjugate glycoglycerolipid glycolipids glycols glyconic acids glycopeptides glycoproteins glycosamines glycosaminoglycan glycoses glycosides glycosphingolipid glycosyl group glycosyl-amino-acid glycosylamines glycuronic acids gold electrode good laboratory practice good manufacturing practice Gouy layer in electrochemistry grab sampling gradient gradient elution in chromatography gradient layer in chromatography gradient packing gradient-selected experiment gradientless reactor in catalysis gradual (sudden) potential-energy surface graft copolymer graft copolymerization graft macromolecule graft polymer grafting in catalysis grafting in polymer chemistry gram Gram stain granular carbon graphene graphene layer graphite graphite electrode graphite fibres graphite material graphite whiskers graphitic carbon graphitizable carbon graphitization graphitization heat treatment graphitized carbon gravimetric analysis gravimetric factor gravimetric method gravitational constant gray grazing incidence grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering analysis green body green coke greenhouse effect in atmospheric chemistry Grignard reagents Grimm-type cathode grist grit in atmospheric chemistry ground level concentration in atmospheric chemistry ground level inversion in atmospheric chemistry ground state group group electronegativity group frequency group preconcentration in trace analysis group-transfer polymerization growth curve of activity growth rate in biotechnology Grunwald–Winstein equation guard band guest Guinier plot gustiness in atmospheric chemistry hybrid material γ-cascade

H(CCO)NH Haber–Weiss reaction Hadamard transform spectrometer haem halato-telechelic polymer halatopolymer half life of a radionuclide half life \(t_{1/2}\)half thickness in radiochemistry half width at half maximum half-chair half-life \(T_{1/2}\) of a photochromic system half-life \(\tau_{1/2}\) of a transient entity half-peak potential half-value thickness half-wave potential half-width of a band halirenium ions halochromism haloforms halogen bond halohydrins halonium ions halophiles hamiltonian operator \(\hat{H}\)Hammett acidity function Hammett equation Hammond principle Hammond–Herkstroeter plot handedness Hansch analysis Hansch constant Hantzsch–Widman name hapten hapticity hapto hard acid hard amorphous carbon films hard base hard-segment phase domain hard-sphere collision cross section harmonic approximation harmonic constant harmonic frequency generation harmonic mean harpoon mechanism hartree Hartree energy Haworth representation hazard haze horizon in atmospheric chemistry haze in atmospheric chemistry HBA solvent HBD solvent HBHA(CO)NH HCCH-COSY HCCH-TOCSY head-tail isomerism health surveillance heat capacity of activation \(\Delta ^{\ddagger}C_{p}^{\,\unicode{x26ac}}\)heat capacity \(C\)heat flux \(J_{q}\)heat \(q\),\(Q\)heavy atom effect heavy atom isotope effect heavy water hecto height equivalent to a theoretical plate (h.e.t.p.) in chromatography height equivalent to an effective theoretical plate in chromatography helicenes helicity heliochromism helion helium dead-space in colloid and surface chemistry helium ionization detector in gas chromatography helium–cadmium laser helium–neon laser helix helix residue in a polymer helix sense Helmholtz energy (function) \(A\)hemes (heme derivatives) hemiacetals hemiaminals hemiketals hemileptic hemins hemochromes hemodialysis hemoglobins Henderson–Hasselbalch equation henry Henry's law Henry’s law constant Henry’s law solubility constant Henry’s law solubility constant (via b and p) defined via molality and partial pressure Henry’s law solubility constant (via c and p) defined via amount concentration and partial pressure Henry’s law solubility constant (via x and p) defined via liquid-phase amount fraction and partial pressure Henry’s law volatility constant Henry’s law volatility constant (via p and c) defined via partial pressure and amount concentration Henry’s law volatility constant (via p and w) Henry’s law volatility constant (via p and x) Herkstroeter plot hertz Herz compounds hetarenes hetaryl groups hetarynes heteroalkenes heteroarenes heteroaryl groups heteroarynes heterobimetallic complex heterochain polymer heteroconjugation heterocumulenes heterocyclic compounds heterocyclyl groups heterodetic cyclic peptide heterodisperse heteroexcimer heterogeneity in analytical chemistry heterogeneous catalysis heterogeneous catalysis coordination polymerization heterogeneous crystalline membrane electrodes heterogeneous crystalline membrane ion-selective electrode heterogeneous diffusion rate constant in electrochemistry heterogeneous membrane electrode heterogeneous nucleation heterojunction heteroleptic heterolysis heterolytic bond-dissociation energy heterolytic dissociative adsorption heteronuclear decoupling heteronuclear multiple bond correlation NMR heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation over two bonds heteronuclear multiple-quantum correlation NMR heteronuclear multiple-quantum correlation with additional TOCSY transfer heteronuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy heteronuclear shift correlation NMR heteronuclear single quantum correlation heteronuclear single quantum correlation with additional TOCSY transfer heteronuclear single quantum multiple-bond correlation heteropolysaccharide heterotactic polymer heterotactic triads in polymers heterotopic heterotrophic (organisms) heterovalent hyperconjugation hexagonal graphite hexahedro- in inorganic nomenclature hexaprismo- in inorganic nomenclature Heyrovský–Ilkovič equation hidden return high resolution energy loss spectroscopy high-pass filter high-pressure graphitization high-pressure mercury lamp (arc) high-spin high-throughput screening higher-order transition highly oriented pyrolytic graphite highly oriented pyrolytic graphite electrode Hilbert transforms of a spectrum Hildebrand parameter hindered rotation hipping histones HN(CA)CO HN(CO)CA HNCA HNCO Hofmann rule hold-back carrier hold-up volume \(V_{\text{M}}\),\(t_{\text{M}}\) in column chromatography hold-up volume in chromatography hole hole burning hole transfer hole-transporting material hollow-cathode discharge source hollow-cathode lamp holoenzyme Holtsmark broadening of a spectral line homo homoaromatic homochain polymer homochiral homoconjugation homocyclic compounds homodesmotic reaction homodetic cyclic peptide homogeneity in analytical chemistry homogeneous catalysis homogeneous catalysis coordination polymerization homogeneous crystalline membrane electrodes homogeneous crystalline membrane ion-selective electrode homogeneous line-broadening homogeneous membrane electrode homogeneous nucleation homogeneous nucleus homogeneous polymer blend homogeneous precipitation homojunction homoleptic homologous polymer blend homolysis homolytic dissociative adsorption homomorphic homonuclear decoupling homopolymer homopolymerization homopolysaccharide homotopic hopping transport horizontal elution in planar chromatography Horwitz equation Horwitz ratio host in biotechnology host-vector system hot atom hot cell hot electron hot ground state reaction hot quartz lamp hot state reaction hot transition hour Hückel (4n + 2) rule Hückel molecular orbital (HMO) theory Huggins coefficient \(k_{\text{H}}\)Huggins equation Huisgen reaction hula-twist (HT) mechanism humidity in atmospheric chemistry Hund rules Hush model HWHM (Half Width at Half Maximum) hybrid orbital hybrid polymer hybridization hybridoma hydration hydrazide hydrazones hydrazide imides hydrazides hydrazidines hydrazines hydrazinylidenes hydrazo compounds hydrazones hydrazonic acids hydride hydro hydrocarbon cracking hydrocarbons hydrocarbyl groups hydrocarbylene groups hydrocarbylidene groups hydrocarbylidyne groups hydrocarbylsulfanyl nitrenes hydrocracking unit hydrodynamic voltammetry hydrodynamic volume in polymers hydrodynamically equivalent sphere in polymers hydrogel hydrogen hydrogen bond hydrogen bond in theoretical organic chemistry hydrogen gas electrode hydrolases hydrolysis hydrolysis ratio \(r_{\text{w}}\)hydrometeor in atmospheric chemistry hydron hydronation hydroperoxides hydrophilic hydrophilicity hydrophobic interaction hydrophobicity hydropolysulfides hydrosphere in atmospheric chemistry hydrosulfides hydroxamic acids hydroximic acids hydroxylamines hygrometer hygrometry (moisture analysis) hyper-Raman spectroscopy hyperchromic effect hyperconjugation hypercoordination hyperfine (interaction) hyperfine coupling hyperpolarizability (of nth order) hypersatellite in X-ray spectroscopy hyperspectral imaging hypervalency hypho- hypo-phase hypochromic effect hypsochromic shift hysteresis η (eta or hapto) in inorganic nomenclature

(chain) identity period of a polymer of a polymer in-vivo neutron activation analysis IC icosahedro- icosanoids ICT ICT emission ideal adsorbed state ideal chromatography ideal dilute solution ideal gas ideal mixture ideal, non-linear chromatography ideally polarized (electrified) interphase ideally unpolarized (electrified) interphase identity reaction Ilkovič equation illuminance \(E\),\(E_{\text{v}}\)image converter tube image depth profile image dissection tube imaginary NMR spectrum imaging (photoimaging) imbalance imbibition in colloid chemistry imenes imides imidic acids imidines imidogens imidonium ions imidoyl carbenes imidoyl nitrenes imin imine radical imines iminium compounds imino acids imino carbenes iminooxy radicals iminoxyl radicals iminyl carbenes iminyl radicals iminylium ions immersional wetting immiscibility immiscible polymer blend immission dose in atmospheric chemistry immission flux in atmospheric chemistry immission in atmospheric chemistry immission rate in atmospheric chemistry immobile adsorption immobilization by adsorption immobilization by inclusion immobilization in biotechnology immobilized enzyme immobilized phase in chromatography immune response immunization immunoassay immunochemistry immunogen immunoglobulin immunoradiometric assay immunosuppression impact energy impact ionization in a semiconductor impact parameter \(b\)impact-modified polymer impaction impedance \(Z\)impedimetry impingement impinger implanted areic dose imprecision in analysis impregnation in chromatography impregnation in polymer chemistry improper rotation axis improved canonical variational transition-state theory impulsive reaction in situ micro-X-ray diffraction in situ microanalysis in vitro in vivo in-house reference material in-laboratory processing in analytical chemistry in-out isomerism in situ composite formation inaccuracy in analysis inactive chain inch incidence in medicinal chemistry incident power incinerator inclusion compound incoherent radiation incoherent scattering incoherent structure incongruent reaction incredible natural-abundance double-quantum transfer experiment increment (for bulk materials and large units) indicated hydrogen indicator (visual) indicator consumption error indicator electrode indicator reaction indifferent absorbing ion indifferent electrolyte indirect amplification indirect reaction indirectly-ionizing radiation individual gauge for localized orbitals individual isotherm individual particle analysis individual perception threshold in atmospheric chemistry induced radioactivity induced reaction inducer in enzyme catalysis induction induction period inductive effect inductively-coupled plasma inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy inductively-coupled plasma robustness inductively-coupled plasma spectrometry inductively-coupled plasma thermal pinch inductively-coupled plasma torch inductomeric effect inductor inelastic collision inelastic electron scattering background inelastic electron scattering background subtraction inelastic electron tunnelling spectroscopy inelastic scattering inelastic scattering cross section inert inert gas inertial defect inertial separator infinite source thickness information depth information radius information theory infrared infrared radiation infrared spectroscopy inherent viscosity of a polymer inhibition inhibitor inhibitory concentration \(\text{IC}\)inhibitory dose \(\text{ID}\)inhomogeneity error in spectrochemical analysis inhomogeneous broadening inifer iniferter iniferter process initial (final) state correlations initial energy initial energy state in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy initial energy state in Auger electron spectroscopy initial plasma radiation zone in inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy initial rate method initial-state Auger parameter initialization in coordination polymerization initialization efficiency in RDP initializer in RDP initiating species initiation initiator initiator efficiency initiation of polymerization injection temperature in chromatography inner electric potential \(\phi\)inner filter effect inner Helmholtz plane inner layer in electrochemistry inner orbital X-ray emission spectra inner salts inner-sphere electron transfer inner-sphere electron transfer atom-transfer radical polymerization inoculation inorganic polymer inorganic–organic polymer inositols input rate in analysis insensitive nuclei enhanced by polarization transfer insert in biotechnology insertion insertion polymerization inspection instability (with reference to instrumentation) instability of Hartree–Fock solution instantaneous sampling in atmospheric chemistry instantaneous current instantaneous rate of flow in polarography instrument line shape instrumental activation analysis instrumental dependability instrumental depth resolution instrumental indication (for a precision balance) integral capacitance of an electrode integral detector in chromatography integrated intensity integrating sphere integration range of a spectrum intended crossing of potential-energy surfaces intensified charge coupled device detector intensity intensity (relative to base peak) in mass spectrometry intensive quantity interaction distance interatomic Auger process intercalation compounds intercalation in polymer chemistry intercalation reaction interchange reaction interchromophoric radiationless transition interconal region interconvertible enzyme interface interface core-level shift interfacial adhesion interfacial concentration \(c\) in electrochemistry interfacial double-layer interfacial layer interfacial layer width \(\sigma_{\text{S}}\) in thin films interfacial region interfacial tension interference curve in atomic spectroscopy interference filter interference fringes interference in analysis interference record interferent interfering lines interfering substance in electroanalytical chemistry interferogram interferometer interferons interlaboratory comparison intermediate intermediate measurement precision intermediate neutrons intermolecular intermolecular radiationless transition internal absorbance internal absorptance \(\alpha_{\text{i}}\)internal compensation internal conversion internal energy \(U\)internal filling solution of a glass electrode internal quality control internal quantum yield internal reference electrode internal reflection internal reflection element internal return internal standard in chromatography internal surface internal transmittance internal transmittance internal valence force field international calorie International system of units international unit interparticle porosity \(\varepsilon\) in chromatography interparticle volume of the column \(V_{0}\) in chromatography interpenetrating polymer network interphase interphase transition intersection space interstitial fraction in chromatography interstitial velocity in chromatography interstitial volume in gas chromatography intersystem crossing interval analysis intervalence charge transfer interzonal region intimate ion pair intra- in organic reaction mechanisms intrachromophoric radiationless transition intralaboratory comparison intramolecular intramolecular catalysis intramolecular charge transfer intramolecular isotope effect intraphase transition intrinsic activation energy \(E_{\text{a,i}}\)intrinsic barrier intrinsic detector efficiency intrinsic full energy peak efficiency intrinsic photopeak efficiency intrinsic plasmon intrinsic reaction coordinate intrinsic semiconductor intrinsic viscosity of a polymer intrinsically conducting polymer intron inverse Bremsstrahlung inverse isotope effect inverse kinetic isotope effect inverse micelle inverse Raman scattering inverse spatially offset Raman spectroscopy inverse square law in radiation chemistry inversion inversion height in atmospheric chemistry inversion point in phase transitions inversion pulse inversion recovery sequence inversion time inverted micelle inverted region (for electron transfer) iodine-transfer polymerization iodohydrins iodometric titration iodonium ions ion ion beam ion beam analysis ion beam ratio ion collector in mass spectrometry ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) mass spectrometer ion energy loss spectra in mass spectrometry ion exchange ion exchanger ion implantation ion kinetic energy spectrum in mass spectrometry ion laser ion microscopy ion pair ion pair return ion probe microanalysis ion pumps ion radical ion scattering spectrometry ion source in mass spectrometry ion trap mass spectrometer ion-conducting polymer ion-containing polymer ion-exchange chromatography ion-exchange isotherm ion-exchange membrane ion-exchange polymer ion-free layer ion-pair formation in mass spectrometry ion-scattering spectrum ion-selective electrode ion-selective electrode cell ion-selective field effect transistor ion-selective membrane ion/molecule reaction in mass spectrometry ion/neutral species exchange reaction in mass spectrometry ion/neutral species reaction in mass spectrometry ionene ionic aggregates in an ionomer ionic bond ionic cloud in atomic spectroscopy ionic concentration ionic conductivity ionic copolymerization ionic dissociation in mass spectrometry ionic liquid ionic polymer ionic polymerization ionic ring-opening polymerization ionic spectral lines ionic strength \(I\)ionic transport number \(t\)ionization ionization buffer in flame spectroscopy ionization by sputtering ionization chamber ionization cross-section ionization efficiency ionization efficiency curve in mass spectrometry ionization energy \(E_{\text{i}}\)ionization potential ionizing collision in mass spectrometry ionizing power ionizing radiation ionizing voltage ionogenic groups ionomer ionomer cluster ionomer molecule ionomer multiplet ionophore ipso-attack iridescent layers iridoids iron-sulfur cluster iron-sulfur proteins irradiance (at a point of a surface) \(E\)irradiation irregular macromolecule irregular polymer irreversible transition IRTRAN™ ISC isoabsorption point isobar in atmospheric chemistry isobaric mass-change determination isobaric separation isobars isoclined structures in polymers isoclinic point isoconfertic separation isoconjugate systems isocoumarins isocratic analysis in chromatography isocyanates isocyanides isocyclic compounds isodesmic reaction isodiazenes isoelectric isoelectric point in electrophoresis isoelectronic isoemissive point isoentropic isoenzyme isoequilibrium relationship isoflavonoids isogyric reaction isoionic isoionic point in electrophoresis isokinetic line in atmospheric chemistry isokinetic relationship isokinetic sampling in atmospheric chemistry isolampsic point isolated double bonds isolobal isomer isomer shift in Mössbauer spectroscopy isomerases isomeric isomeric state in nuclear chemistry isomeric transition in nuclear chemistry isomerism isomerization isometric isomorphic polymer blend isomorphous structures in polymers isonitriles isonitroso compounds isooptoacoustic point isopeptide bond isopotential point isoprenes isoprenoids isopycnic isopycnic separation isorefractive isosbestic point isoselective relationship isoselenocyanates isostatic pressing isosteric enthalpy of adsorption isostilbic point isostructural reaction isotactic macromolecule isotactic polymer isotactic triads in polymers isotherm in atmospheric chemistry isothermal chromatography isothiocyanates isotones isotope dilution isotope dilution analysis isotope effect isotope exchange isotope exchange analysis isotope pattern in mass spectrometry isotopes isotopic abundance isotopic carrier isotopic enrichment isotopic enrichment factor isotopic fractionation factor isotopic ion isotopic label isotopic labelling isotopic molecular ion isotopic scrambling isotopic separation isotopic tracer isotopically deficient isotopically enriched ions isotopically labelled isotopically modified isotopically substituted isotopically unmodified isotopologue isotopomer isotropic isotropic carbon isotropic pitch-based carbon fibres isoureas isovalent hyperconjugation isozyme

J-modulated spin-echo J-resolved spectroscopy j-value in atmospheric chemistry Jablonski diagram Jacquinot stop Jahn–Teller effect Jahn–Teller transition joule junction point junction unit junction-point density

Kamlet–Taft solvent parameters Kaptein–Closs rules Kasha rule Kasha–Vavilov rule katal Kekulé structure (for aromatic compounds) kelvin \(\text{K}\)ketals ketazines ketenes ketenimines ketides ketimines keto keto carbenes keto-enol tautomerization ketoaldonic acids ketoaldoses ketones ketoses ketoximes ketyls kilo kilogram \(\pu{kg}\)kind-of-property kind-of-quantity kinematic factor kinematic viscosity \(\nu\)kinematics kinetic activity factor kinetic ambiguity kinetic control of product composition kinetic coupling kinetic current kinetic electrolyte effect kinetic energy \(E_{\text{k}}\)kinetic equivalence kinetic isotope effect kinetic method of analysis kinetic resolution kinetic synergist kinetic theory of collisions klado- Knight shift Koopmans' theorem Koppel–Palm solvent parameters Kosower Z-value Kováts index Krafft point Kramers–Kronig transforms of a spectrum Kratky plot KRS-5 krypton ion laser Kubelka–Munk function κ (kappa) in inorganic nomenclature

L l l, u label labelling labile laboratory bias laboratory information management system laboratory sample lachrymator lactams lactides lactims lactols lactones ladder chain ladder macromolecule ladder polymer LADS lag phase in biotechnology lambda Lambert law lamellar crystal lamp lamp black Landau–Zener model Landolt reaction Langmuir monolayer Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) membrane Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism Langmuir–Rideal (Rideal–Eley) mechanism Laporte rule lapse rate in atmospheric chemistry large particle in radiation scattering lariat ethers Larmor angular frequency Larmor precession LAS laser laser ablation laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry laser beam ionization laser dye laser induced breakdown spectroscopy laser ionization in mass spectrometry laser micro emission spectroscopy laser micro mass spectrometry laser Raman microanalysis laser-induced breakdown spectrum laser-induced plasma laser-jet photochemical technique lasing late-downhill surface latent image latent period in medicinal chemistry lateral order in a polymer lateral resolution in in situ microanalysis latex lath crystal lattice in condensed matter physics lattice distortion Laurence solvent parameters laws of distribution in precipitation layer layer equilibrium in chromatography leader sequence in biotechnology least motion, principle of least-squares technique leaving group lecithins lectins LED Leffler's assumption Leffler’s relation left-to-right convention length \(l\)lethal concentration lethal dose lethal synthesis leuco bases leuco compounds leukotrienes level level width \(\mathit{\Gamma}\)levelling effect Levich equation Lewis acid Lewis acidity Lewis adduct Lewis base Lewis basicity Lewis formula (electron dot or Lewis structure) Lewis octet rule LIDAR in atmospheric chemistry lifetime broadening lifetime of luminescence lifetime \(\tau\)ligand field ligand field splitting ligand to ligand charge transfer (LLCT) transition ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT) transition ligands ligases ligate light light emitting diode light polarization light scattering light source light-atom anomaly light-emitting diode lignans lignins limit of detection in analysis limit of quantification limit test in toxicology limiting adsorption current limiting catalytic current limiting condition of operation limiting current limiting differential diffusion coefficient limiting diffusion current limiting kinetic current limiting mean limiting migration current limiting sedimentation coefficient limiting viscosity number line formula line profile line repetition groups line representation of electrochemical cells line scan line width line width in Mössbauer spectroscopy line-broadening in atomic spectroscopy line-of-centres model line-shape analysis linear (decadic) absorption coefficient in optical spectroscopy linear attenuation coefficient in optical spectroscopy linear absorption coefficient linear attenuation coefficient linear chain linear chromatography linear copolymer linear dichroism linear dispersion linear distribution isotherm in chromatography linear electron accelerator linear energy transfer linear free-energy relation linear Gibbs energy relation linear macromolecule linear Napierian absorption coefficient linear polarizer linear polymer linear pulse amplifier linear range linear solvation energy relationships linear strain \(\varepsilon\),\(e\)linear-scan voltammetry linearity of a measuring system linearity of calibration linearity of responsivity of a radiation detector lineic Lineweaver–Burk plot link in polymer conjugate chemistry linked scan in mass spectrometry lipid film lipids lipophilic lipophilicity lipophobic lipopolysaccharides lipoproteins liposome Lippman's equation liquid chromatography liquid crystal liquid crystal tunable filter liquid excimer laser liquid ion exchange liquid ion laser liquid junction liquid laser liquid membrane liquid scintillation detector liquid volume in gas chromatography liquid-coated stationary phase (material) in liquid chromatography liquid-crystal dendrimer liquid-crystal polymer liquid-crystal state liquid-crystal transitions liquid-crystalline phase liquid-crystalline polymer liquid-gel chromatography liquid-liquid distribution (extraction) (partition) liquid-liquid extraction liquid-metal ion gun liquid-phase loading in chromatography liquidus lithometeor in atmospheric chemistry lithosphere in atmospheric chemistry litre live time living anionic polymerization living cationic polymerization living condensative chain polymerization living coordination polymerization living copolymerization living ionic polymerization living polymer living polymer chain living polymerization living radical polymerization living ring-opening metathesis polymerization load (on a precision balance) loading capacity in solvent extraction local conformation of a polymer local current density local efficiency of atomization \(\varepsilon_{\text{a}}\) in flame spectrometry local flame temperature \(T_{1}\) in flame emission and absorption spectrometry local fraction atomized \(\chi _{\text{a}}\),\(\beta_{\text{a}}\) in flame emission and absorption spectrometry local fraction desolvated \(\chi _{\text{s}}\),\(\beta_{\text{s}}\) in flame emission and absorption spectrometry local fraction volatilized \(\chi _{\text{v}}\),\(\beta_{\text{v}}\) in flame emission and absorption spectrometry local mode of vibration local molar polarizability localized adsorption localized molecular orbitals localized-itinerant transition locant lock-in amplifier lock-in state log-normal distribution logarithmic distribution coefficient logarithmic normal distribution of a macromolecular assembly logarithmic viscosity number logit London forces London–Eyring–Polanyi (LEP) method London–Eyring–Polanyi–Sato (LEPS) method lone (electron) pair long chain long spacing in polymer crystals long-chain branch long-lived collision complex long-range intramolecular interaction in polymers longitudinal order in a polymer loose end loose ion pair Lorentz broadening of a spectral line Lorentzian band shape Lorenz–Mie theory lot in analytical chemistry low energy electron diffraction low pressure electrical discharge low sample consumption system in inductively-coupled plasma spectrometry low temperature UV–VIS absorption spectroscopy low-energy ion scattering spectrometry low-pass filter low-pressure diamond low-pressure mercury lamp (arc) low-spin low-spin state lowest lethal concentration found lowest observed adverse effect level lowest unoccupied molecular orbital lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level lowest-observed-effect-level lumen luminance luminescence luminescence quenching luminescence spectrometer luminescent material luminous flux luminous intensity \(I_{\text{v}}\)luminous quantities lumiphore LUMO lux lyases lyate ion lyonium ion lyophilic lyophilic sols lyophobic lyotropic mesophase lysimeter Λ (lambda)

E/2 mass spectrum M machine in analysis macro-chain-transfer agent macrocycle macroelectrode macroinitiator macrolides macrometeorology in atmospheric chemistry macromolecular macromolecular isomorphism macromolecule macromonomer macromonomer molecule macromonomer unit macromonomeric unit macropore in catalysis macroporous polymer macroradical macroscopic cross-section macroscopic diffusion control macroscopic film macroscopic kinetics magic acid magic angle magic angle spinning magnetic circular dichroism magnetic coherence length \(\xi_{\text{M}}\)magnetic deflection in mass spectrometry magnetic equivalence magnetic field (B) scan in mass spectrometry magnetic field strength \(H\)magnetic flux density in Mössbauer spectroscopy magnetic flux density \(B\)magnetic flux \(\mathit{\Phi}\)magnetic induction magnetic moment \(m\),\(\mu\)magnetic resonance imaging magnetic susceptibility magnetic susceptibility \(\chi\)magnetic transition magnetizability \(\xi\)magnetization transfer magnetogyric ratio \(\gamma\)magnetoresistance main chain (backbone) of a polymer main-chain polymer liquid crystal main-chain scission mancude-ring systems mancunide-ring systems manipulator manual in analysis mapping in biotechnology Marangoni effect Marcus equation (for electron transfer) Marcus inverted region (for electron transfer) Marcus–Coltrin path Marcus–Hush relationship Mark–Houwink equation marker Markownikoff rule martensitic transition mass (weight) of the stationary phase \(W_{\text{s}}\) in chromatography mass accuracy mass action, law of mass analysis in mass spectrometry mass balance in atmospheric chemistry mass concentration \(\gamma\),\(\rho\)mass density mass density gradient \(\bigtriangledown \rho\),\(\text{grad}\: \rho\)mass distribution ratio mass distribution ratio in chromatography mass distribution ratio \(k_{\text{MEEKC}}\) in micro-emulsion electrokinetic chromatography mass distribution ratio \(k_{\text{MEKC}}\) in micellar electrokinetic chromatography mass excess \(\mathit{\Delta}\)mass flow rate \(q_{\text{m}}\)mass fraction \(w\)mass number \(A\)mass peak in mass spectrometry mass range in mass spectrometry mass resolving power in mass spectrometry mass spectrograph mass spectrometer mass spectrometer (operating on the linear accelerator principle) mass spectrometer focusing system (deflection system) mass spectrometric detector in gas chromatography mass spectrometry mass spectroscope mass spectroscopy mass spectrum mass transfer coefficient in electrochemistry mass transfer in biotechnology mass-average velocity in electrolytes mass-distribution function mass-flow sensitive detector in chromatography mass-law effect mass-to-charge ratio \(m_{\text{z}}\) in mass spectrometry mass-transfer-controlled electrolyte rate constant mass \(m\)massic massive transition matched cells in spectrochemical analysis material characterization study material homogeneity material recovery material safety data sheet material stability materials chemistry matrix effect in surface analysis matrix factor matrix in analysis matrix isolation matrix reference material matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry Mattauch–Herzog geometry maximum allowable concentration in atmospheric chemistry maximum emission concentration in atmospheric chemistry maximum hardness, principle of maximum latent period maximum loading maximum permissible daily dose maximum permissible level maximum storage life maximum tolerable concentration maximum tolerable dose maximum tolerable exposure level maximum tolerated dose Mayr–Patz equation McLafferty rearrangement in mass spectrometry mean \(\bar{x}\)mean activity of an electrolyte in solution in mass spectrometry mean catalytic activity rate \(\frac{\Delta z}{\Delta t}\)mean current density mean escape depth mean exchange current density mean free path \(\lambda\)mean interstitial velocity of the carrier gas in chromatography mean life of a radionuclide mean life \(\tau\)mean lifetime \(\tau\)mean linear range in nuclear chemistry mean mass range in nuclear chemistry mean mass rate \(\frac{\Delta m}{\Delta t}\)mean residence time of adsorbed molecules mean substance rate \(\frac{\Delta n}{\Delta t}\)mean volume rate \(\frac{\Delta V}{\Delta t}\)measurable quantity measurand measured excitation spectrum measured spectrum measured value in analysis measurement measurement capability measurement efficiency in inductively-coupled plasma spectrometry measurement precision control material measurement procedure measurement procedure bias measurement procedure with standard addition measurement reproducibility measurement resolution in atmospheric trace component analysis measurement result measurement solution in analysis measurement threshold of an analyser measurement trueness control material mechanical anharmonicity mechanical entrapment mechanical harmonicity mechanical hygrometer mechanical inhibitor mechanism of a reaction mechanism-based inhibition mechanization in analysis Mechano-chemical reaction median median effective concentration \(\text{EC}_{50}\)median effective dose \(\text{ED}_{50}\)median lethal concentration \(\text{LC}_{50}\)median lethal dose \(\text{LD}_{50}\)median lethal time \(\text{TL}_{50}\)median narcotic concentration \(\text{NC}_{50}\)median narcotic dose \(\text{ND}_{50}\)mediating agent medium medium effect medium-energy ion scattering spectrometry medium-pressure mercury lamp mega meiosis Meisenheimer adduct Meker burner melting melting point (corrected/uncorrected) membrane membrane emf membrane in an ion-selective electrode membrane potential membrane sites in an ion-selective electrode membranes with mobile charged sites memory effect in atmospheric chemistry memristor mer mer- in inorganic nomenclature mercaptals mercaptans mercaptides mercaptoles mercury electrode mercury flow system in spectrochemical analysis mercury–xenon lamp mero merry-go-round reactor meso meso structures in polymers meso-compound mesogen mesogenic group mesogenic monomer mesogenic pitch mesoionic compounds mesolytic cleavage mesomeric effect mesomerism mesomorphic phase mesomorphic state mesomorphic transition mesopause in atmospheric chemistry mesophase mesophase pitch mesophase pitch-based carbon fibres mesophiles mesopore in catalysis mesoscale mesosphere messenger RNA metabolic half-life metabolism metabolite metal distribution metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transition metal to metal charge transfer (MMCT) transition metal–carbene complexes metal–carbyne complexes metal–insulator transition metal–nonmetal transition metallacycloalkanes metallo-supramolecular polymer metallocene polymerization metallocenes metalloenzyme metallurgical coke metamagnetic transition metastability metastable metastable background in secondary-ion mass spectrometry metastable film metastable ion in mass spectrometry metastable state in nuclear chemistry metastable state in spectrochemistry metatectoid reaction metathesis metathesis polymerization methanogens method of isotopic perturbation method performance study methylene methylidyne methylotrophic microorganisms metre \(\text{m}\)metrological compatibility of measurement results metrological equivalence of measurement results micellar catalysis micellar mass micellar solubilization micellar weight micelle micelle charge Michaelis constant \(K_{\text{m}}\)Michaelis–Menten kinetics Michaelis–Menten mechanism micro micro-network microbial leaching microcanonical rate constant microcanonical variational transition-state theory microcarrier in biotechnology microclimatology microdomain morphology microelectrode microelectrophoresis microfiltration microgel microheterogeneity in biochemistry micrometeorology microphotometer micropore filling in catalysis micropore in catalysis micropore volume in catalysis microporous carbon microscopic chemical event microscopic cross-section \(\sigma\)microscopic diffusion control microscopic electrophoresis microscopic film microscopic kinetics microscopic reversibility at equilibrium microsome microsyneresis microwave cavity microwave-induced plasma middle atmosphere Mie scattering migration migration current migration time \(t_{\text{m}}\) in capillary electrophoresis migration time of micelles \(t_{\text{mc}}\) in micellar electrokinetic chromatography migratory aptitude migratory insertion milli milligram equivalent of readability of a precision balance millimetre of mercury milling minimum consumption time \(t_{\text{min}}\) in flame emission and absorption spectrometry minimum density of states criterion minimum lethal concentration \(\text{LC}_{\text{min}}\)minimum lethal dose \(\text{LD}_{\text{min}}\)minimum sample size minimum structural change, principle of minimum-energy reaction path minus minute of arc miscibility miscibility gap mist in atmospheric chemistry mitochondria mitosis mixed ceramic mixed control mixed crystal mixed energy release mixed indicator mixed labelled mixed potential mixing control mixing height in atmospheric chemistry mixing in analytical chemistry mixing ratio in analytical chemistry mixture MLCT mobile adsorption mobile phase in chromatography mobile-phase velocity \(u\) in chromatography mobility (general) mobility in aerosol physics mobility \(\mu\)Möbius aromaticity mode mode of vibration mode-locked laser model network moderation in nuclear chemistry moderator modified active solid in chromatography modified Arrhenius equation modified Auger parameter modified sample modifier in solvent extraction modulus of elasticity \(E\)Mohr amplification process in analysis moiety MOL file format molal molality \(m\),\(b\)molar molar absorption coefficient \(\varepsilon\)molar absorptivity molar activity in radiochemistry molar average velocity molar conductivity molar decadic absorption coefficient molar ellipticity molar Napierian absorption coefficient molar refraction \(R\)molar-mass exclusion limit in polymers molarity mole mole fraction molecular anion molecular beams molecular cation molecular conformation of a polymer molecular connectivity index molecular design molecular dynamics molecular dynamics in drug design molecular entity molecular formula molecular fragment molecular graph molecular graph theory molecular graphics molecular image molecular ion in mass spectrometry molecular kinetics molecular laser molecular mechanics calculation molecular metal molecular modeling molecular nucleation in polymers molecular orbital molecular orbital theory molecular orientation molecular rearrangement molecular recognition molecular Rydberg state molecular shape molecular sieve effect molecular spectra molecular spectroscopy molecular switch molecular weight molecular-weight exclusion limit in polymers molecularity molecule molfile molozonides moment of a force \(M\)moment of inertia \(I\),\(J\)momentum spectrum momentum \(p\)monitoring mono-energetic radiation monochromator monoclonal antibodies monodisperse medium monodisperse polymer monoisotopic element monoisotopic mass spectrum monolayer monolayer capacity monolith monomer monomer molecule monomer unit monomeric unit monosaccharides monotectic reaction monotectoid reaction monotectoid temperature monoterpenes monoterpenoids monothioacetals monotropic transition Monte Carlo (MC), method of Monte Carlo study mordant More O'Ferrall–Jencks diagram Morin transition morphology morphology coarsening morphotropic transition Morse potential Mössbauer effect Mössbauer spectrometry Mössbauer thickness in Mössbauer spectroscopy most probable distribution (in macromolecular assemblies) Mott transition Mott–Hubbard transition MPP-based carbon fibres mucopolysaccharides Mulliken population analysis multi-centre bond multi-centre reaction multi-channel pulse height analyser multi-strand chain in polymers multi-strand macromolecule multicoat morphology multiconfiguration SCF method multident multienzyme multienzyme complex multienzyme polypeptide multilayer multilayer adsorption multilayer aggregate in polymer crystals multiphase copolymer multiphoton absorption multiphoton ionization in mass spectrometry multiphoton process multiple attenuated total reflection multiple inclusion morphology multiple ionization satellite multiple peak scanning in mass spectrometry multiple scattering multiple-pass cell in spectrochemical analysis multiple-quantum magic angle spinning NMR multiplet multiplex advantage multiplex spectrometer multiplicative matrix effect multiplicative name multiplicity multiply labelled multipole line in X-ray spectroscopy multireference configuration interaction multistage sampling multivariate statistics munchnones muon induced X-ray emission analysis muonium mustard oils mustards mutagen mutagenesis mutarotation mutation mutation rate in biotechnology mutual inductance \(M\)Myelin cylinders µ- (mu) in inorganic nomenclature

ångström n → π* state n → π* transition n → σ* transition n-star macromolecule n-strand chain n-strand molecule N-terminal residue n-σ* delocalization nano nanocomposite nanodomain morphology nanoelectrode nanofiltration nanogel nanomaterial nanoscopic film naphthenes naphthenic acids Napierian absorbance narcissistic reaction natural atomic orbital natural bond orbital natural broadening of a spectral line natural graphite natural hybrid orbital natural isotopic abundance natural lifetime of an excited state natural lifetime natural linewidth natural orbital natural population analysis natural radiation natural radioactivity near edge X-ray absorption fine structure near-infrared radiation neat soap nebulization nebulizer necrosis needle coke negative adsorption negative feedback negative hyper-conjugation negative ion in mass spectrometry negative-ion yield negaton neighbouring group participation nematic phase nematic state neodymium laser neoflavonoids neolignans neper nephelometry Nernst equation Nernst's diffusion layer net absorption cross-section net current net dephasing time net electric charge \(z\) of a particle net faradaic current net in surface chemistry net shaping network network defect network in polymer chemistry network polymer network-chain molar mass \(M_{\text{c}}\)neutral-density filter neutralized gel neutrino neutron neutron activation analysis neutron density neutron depth profiling neutron diffraction analysis neutron energy neutron multiplication neutron number \(N\)neutron rest mass neutron scattering analysis neutron temperature neutrophilic organisms Newman projection newton Newton black film Newton diagram Newtonian fluid NHOMO NHOMO nido- Nier–Johnson geometry NIH shift Nikolsky–Eisenman equation nimbostratus cloud in atmospheric chemistry nitramines nitrenes nitrenium ions nitrification nitrile imides nitrile imines nitrile oxides nitrile sulfides nitrile ylides nitriles nitrilimines nitrilium betaines nitrilium ions nitrimines nitro compounds nitrogen fixation nitrogen laser nitrogen mustards nitrogen ylides nitrolic acids nitrones nitronic acids nitrosamides nitrosamines nitrosimines nitroso compounds nitrosolic acids nitroxides nitroxyl radicals NMR exchange spectroscopy no carrier added no observed adverse effect level no-bond resonance no-load indication (for a precision balance) no-observed-effect-level nodal plane noise nominal linear flow \(F\) in chromatography nominal spectral resolution nominally labelled tracer non-calorimetric thermophysical measurements non-certified property value non-coherent source non-crossing rule non-crystalline electrodes non-crystalline membrane non-destructive activation analysis non-diagram line non-dispersive infrared spectroscopies non-dissociative chemisorption non-draining non-equilibrium reaction non-graphitic carbon non-graphitizable carbon non-ideal chromatography non-ideal, linear chromatography non-ideal, non-linear chromatography non-isotopic labelling non-Kekulé molecules non-Kekulé structure non-linear chromatography non-linear distribution isotherm in chromatography non-linear optical effect non-linear optical polymer non-linear optical techniques non-linearity error in spectrochemical analysis non-localized adsorption non-metal-mediated atom-transfer radical polymerization non-polarized interphases non-radiative decay non-radiative quenching non-specific adsorption non-specific emission or attenuation non-uniform corrosion non-uniform polymer non-uniform sampling non-vertical energy transfer nonadiabatic nonadiabatic coupling nonadiabatic electron transfer nonadiabatic photoreaction nonbonded interactions nonbonding molecular orbital nonclassical carbocation nonclassical structure nonselective detector nonselective quantum counter nonselectively labelled nor- normal normal coordinate normal coordinate analysis normal dispersion of the refractive index normal distribution normal incidence normal kinetic isotope effect normal mode of vibration normal plasma analytical zone in inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy normal pulse voltammetry normal region (for electron transfer) normal stress \(\sigma\)normal X-ray level normal-phase chromatography normalization normalized tunnelling intensity Norrish Type I photoreaction Norrish Type II photoreaction Norrish–Yang reaction nth order phase transition nuclear atom nuclear capture nuclear chemistry nuclear decay nuclear disintegration nuclear electric quadrupole moment nuclear fission nuclear fuel nuclear fusion nuclear fusion reaction nuclear graphite nuclear isomers nuclear level nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum nuclear magneton nuclear Overhauser effect nuclear Overhauser effect difference spectroscopy nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy nuclear particle nuclear quadrupole moment (spectroscopic) nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy nuclear reaction cross section nuclear reactor nuclear stopping cross section nuclear transformation nuclear transition nuclearity nucleating agent nucleation and growth nucleation in colloid chemistry nucleation of phase separation in polymer chemistry nucleic acids nucleofuge nucleon nucleon number nucleophile nucleophilic aromatic photosubstitution nucleophilic catalysis nucleophilic chain polymerization nucleophilic substitution nucleophilicity nucleoproteins nucleosides nucleotide bases nucleotides nucleus nuclide nuclide precursor nuclidic mass nuisance threshold in atmospheric chemistry number concentration \(C\),\(n\)number content \(\frac{N_{\text{B}}}{m}\)number density \(n\)number flow rate \(q_{\text{N}}\)number fraction number of entities \(N\)number of moles number of theoretical plates number-distribution function numerical value of a quantity Nyquist criterion Nyquist frequency

object traceability observation frequency observation height \(h_{\text{obs}}\) in flame emission and absorption spectrometry observation pathlength \(l_{\text{obs}}\) in flame emission and absorption spectrometry observation space in flame emission and absorption spectrometry observation volume \(V_{\text{obs}}\) in flame emission and absorption spectrometry observed interface width observed rate coefficient occlusion (molecular) occupied band octahedro- in inorganic nomenclature octanol-water partition ratio odd-electron ion optically detected magnetic resonance odour threshold in atmospheric chemistry off-specular X-ray reflectometry ohm ohmic contact OLED olefins oligo oligomer oligomer molecule oligomeric oligomerization oligonucleotides oligopeptides oligosaccharides one-bond-flip one-colour indicator one-photon photochromism onion morphology onium compounds open atomizer open circuit potential open dynamic system open film open hearth furnace in atmospheric chemistry open static system open-shell systems open-tubular column in chromatography operational pH cell operational pH standard operator gene operon opposing reactions optical absorption depth optical activity optical antipodes optical constants optical density optical emission spectroscopy optical filter optical isomers optical multi-channel analyser optical null double beam spectrometer optical parametric amplification optical parametric oscillator optical path difference optical purity optical resolution optical rotation optical rotatory dispersion optical rotatory power optical spectroscopy optical throughput of a spectrometer optical yield optical-beam error in spectrochemical analysis optically active polymer optically labile optically nonlinear polymer optoacoustic spectroscopy optoelectronics orbital (atomic or molecular) orbital energy orbital steering orbital symmetry order of reaction \(n\)order parameter order–disorder transition ordered co-continuous double gyroid morphology ordinary wave organelles organic dye laser organic–inorganic polymer organically modified silica organically-modified ceramic organization organo- organobismuthane-mediated radical polymerization organocatalysis organoheteryl groups organometallic compounds organometallic-mediated radical polymerization organostibane-mediated radical polymerization organotellurium-mediated radical polymerization organyl groups origin of replication ortho acids ortho amides ortho esters ortho- and peri-fused (polycyclic compounds) ortho-fused (polycyclic compounds) orthokinetic aggregation in colloids osazones oscillating reaction oscillator strength \(f_{ij}\)osmolality \(m\)osmolarity osmotic coefficient \(\phi\)osmotic concentration \(c\)osmotic pressure \(\mathit{\Pi}\)osones osotriazoles Ostwald ripening out-isomer out-of-control criteria out-of-plane bending coordinate in molecular geometry outer electric potential \(\psi\)outer Helmholtz plane outer-sphere electron transfer outer-sphere electron transfer ATRP outgassing of a catalyst output rate overall activation energy overall efficiency of atomization overlap integral \(S_{\text{rs}}\)overpotential \(\eta\)overtone transition oxa-di-π-methane rearrangement oxenium ions oxidant in atmospheric chemistry oxidation oxidation number oxidation state oxidation–reduction (redox) titration oxidative addition oxidative coupling oxide network oxidized species oxidoreductases oxime O-ethers oximes oxo acids oxo carboxylic acids oxo compounds oxoacids oxocarbons oxonium ions oxonium ylides oxyacid oxygen-flask combustion in spectrochemical analysis oxylium ions ozone hole ozonides σ-orbital

p-polarization P, M packed column in chromatography packing in column chromatography paddlanes pair attenuation coefficient in nuclear chemistry pair correlation length \(\xi\) in thin films pair production in nuclear chemistry Pake doublet Pallmann effect PAN-based carbon fibres paraffin paraffin impregnated graphite electrode parallel effect parallel reactions parallel-chain crystal in polymers paramagnetic parametric amplification parametric processes parent hydride parent ion in mass spectrometry Pariser–Parr–Pople (PPP) method partial anodic (cathodic) current partial charge exchange reaction partial charge transfer reaction partial decay constant in nuclear chemistry partial digestion in spectrochemical analysis partial ion yield partial isotherm in surface chemistry partial kinetic current in electrochemistry partial least squares partial mass density \(\rho_{\text{B}}\)partial microscopic diffusion control partial molar Gibbs energy partial molar quantity partial order of reaction partial pressure partial rate factor partial specific volume \(v_{\text{B}}\)partial sputtering yield partially draining participant in an interlaboratory comparison particle concentration in atmospheric chemistry particle density in nuclear chemistry particle flux density particle induced X-ray emission analysis particle scattering factor particle scattering function particle size distribution in atmospheric chemistry particle size in atmospheric chemistry particle-induced gamma-ray-emission analysis particular property particulate carbon particulate gel particulate matter in atmospheric chemistry particulate sol partition partition chromatography partition coefficient partition constant \(K_{\text{D}}^{\text{o}}\)partition function partition isotherm in chromatography partition ratio \(K_{\text{D}}\)partly open film pascal pass energy in electron spectroscopy passivation in electrochemical corrosion passivation potential in electrochemical corrosion passive metal passive sampler passive state in electrochemical corrosion Paterno–Büchi reaction path-length pATR spectrum pattern recognition paucidisperse system Pauli exclusion principle PDMR peak analysis peak area in chromatography peak area method peak base in chromatography peak concentration (trace atmospheric component) peak current peak elution volume (time) \(\bar{V}_{\text{R}}\),\(\bar{t}_{\text{R}}\) in column chromatography peak energy peak enthalpimetry peak fitting peak height in chromatography peak in chromatography peak maximum in chromatography peak potential peak resolution \(R_{\text{s}}\) in chromatography peak widths in chromatography pectins Peierls distortion Peierls transition pellicular packing in chromatography penams pendant chain pendant group penems penetrant penetration depth penicillins Penning excitation in inductively-coupled plasma spectrometry Penning gas mixture pentads in polymers pentaprismo- peptides peptidoglycan peptization peptization per acids percent percent diastereoisomer excess percent enantiomer excess percentage error percentage exposed in metallic catalysts percentage relative error \(e_{\text{r}}\, (\%)\)percentage standard deviation \(s_{\text{r}}\, (\%)\),\(\sigma_{\text{r}}\, (\%)\)percentage transmission of sample percolation percolation threshold in a composite material perfect network perfectly polarized interphase performance characteristic of a measurement procedure performance score perfusion stationary phase (material) in liquid chromatography pericyclic reaction perikinetic aggregation in colloids period \(T\)periodic copolymer periodic copolymerization periodic voltage peripheral atom in organic reaction mechanisms periplanar periselectivity peritectic reaction peritectoid reaction peritectoid temperature permanent crosslink permanent modifier in electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy permeability of vacuum \(\mu_{0}\)permeability \(\mu\)permeate permeation chromatography permeation tube permittivity of vacuum permittivity \(\varepsilon\)permselectivity peroxides peroxisome peroxo compounds peroxy acids perpendicular effect persistence length in polymers persistent perspective formula perstraction perturbation theory perturbed angular correlation spectrometry perturbed dimensions in polymers pervaporation pesticide pesticide residue peta petroleum coke petroleum pitch pH pH glass electrode pH gradient in electrophoresis pH standard pH-rate profile pH-sensitive electrode pH_0.5 or pH_1/2 in solvent extraction phantom chain behaviour pharmacodynamics pharmacokinetics phase phase correction phase cycling phase domain phase fluorimetry phase I reaction of biotransformation phase II reaction of biotransformation phase interaction phase inversion phase ratio \(\beta\) in chromatography phase ratio \(r\) in liquid-liquid distribution phase rule phase separation phase transition phase-space theory phase-transfer catalysis phenolates phenols phenomenological equation phenonium ions phenotype phenoxides pheromone phonon phosphanes phosphanylidenes phosphatidic acids phosphazenes phosphine oxides phosphines phosphinic acids phosphinidenes phosphinous acids phospho phosphoglycerides phospholipids phosphonic acids phosphonitriles phosphonium compounds phosphonium ylides phosphono phosphonous acids phosphoramides phosphoranes phosphoranyl radicals phosphorescence phosphorescence lifetime phosphorimetry phosphoroscope phosphorus ylides phosphorylation phosphylenes photo-Bergman cyclization photo-Claisen rearrangement photo-elastic polymer photo-Fries rearrangement photoacoustic detector photoacoustic effect photoacoustic saturation photoacoustic spectroscopy photoadsorption photoaffinity labelling photoassisted catalysis photobiology photocatalysis photocatalyst photocatalytic cell photochemical curing photochemical detector photochemical equivalence photochemical funnel photochemical hole burning photochemical nitrogen extrusion photochemical reaction photochemical reaction path photochemical smog photochemical yield photochemistry photochromic polymer photochromism photoconducting polymer photoconductive detector photoconductivity photocrosslinking photocurrent yield photocyclization photocycloaddition photodecarbonylation photodecarboxylation photodeconjugation photodegradation photodesorption photodetachment of electrons photodetrapping photodiode photodiode array photodynamic effect photoelectric attenuation coefficient photoelectric detector photoelectric peak photoelectric work function photoelectrical effect photoelectrochemical cell photoelectrochemical etching photoelectrochemistry photoelectrolytic cell photoelectron spectroscopy photoelectron X-ray satellite peaks photoelectron X-ray satellite subtraction photoelectron yield photoemission photoemissive detector photoexcitation photogalvanic cell photohydration photoimaging photoinduced discharge photoinduced electron transfer photoinduced polymerization photoinitiation photoinjection photoionization photoionization cross section photoionization detector in gas chromatography photoisomerization photoluminescence photoluminescent polymer photolysis photometry photomultiplier tube photon photon activation photon counting photon echo photon emittance photon exitance \(M_{\text{p}}\)photon exposure \(H_{\text{p}}\)photon flow \(\mathit{\Phi} _{\text{p}}\)photon fluence rate \(E_{\text{p,o}}\)photon fluence \(H_{\text{p,o}}\),\(F_{\text{p,o}}\)photon flux \(q_{\text{p}}\),\(\mathit{\Phi} _{\text{p}}\)photon irradiance \(E_{\text{p}}\)photon number \(N_{\text{p}}\)photon quantities photon radiance \(L_{\text{p}}\)photooxidation photooxygenation photopeak photophoresis photophosphorylation photophysical processes photopolymerization photoreaction photorearrangement photoreduction photorefractive polymer photoresist photoselection photosensitive polymer photosensitization photosensitizer photostationary state photosynthesis photosystem photothermal effect photothermal spectroscopy photothermography phototransistor photovoltaic cell photovoltaic effect phthaleins phthalides physical adsorption physical network physical quantity physisorption phytotoxicant pico picrates piezoelectric polymer piezoluminescence pile-up in radioanalytical chemistry pileup PIN diode PIN semiconductor detector pinacols pinocytosis pitch pitch-based carbon fibres pitting corrosion Pitzer strain planar chirality planar chromatography planar film planar intramolecular charge transfer planar stereoisomerism Planck constant \(h\)plane angle plasma in biology plasma arc plasma assisted desorption ionization mass spectrometry plasma desorption ionization in mass spectrometry plasma excitation temperature plasma gases in inductively-coupled plasma plasma in spectrochemistry plasma induction zone plasma ionization temperature plasma local thermodynamic equilibrium plasma shielding in laser induced breakdown spectroscopy plasma termination in laser induced breakdown spectroscopy plasmid plasmon plastic flow plastic transition plate height \(H_{\text{eff}}\) in chromatography plate number \(N\) in chromatography plateau border in surface chemistry platform atomization in electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy platinum electrode PLED pleiotropic gene ploidy plug-flow in catalysis plumbylenes plumbylidenes plume in atmospheric chemistry plus, minus pneumatic detector pneumatic nebulizers pnictogen bond point group point of zero charge poise poison in catalysis Poisson distribution polar aprotic solvent polar effect polar solvent polarity polarity (of a bond) polarizability polarizable electrode polarization density polarization error in spectrochemical analysis polarization \(\zeta\) in electrochemistry polarization \(P\)polarized interphases polarized Raman band polarography polaron poling pollution (pollutant) pollution rose poly(ethene-1,2-diyl) poly[3,4-(ethylenedioxy)thiophene] polyacetylenes polyacid polyaddition polyanilines polyarylenes polyarylenethynylenes polyarylenevinylenes polyatomic fragment polyazomethines polybase polybenzimidazoles polybetaine polychromator polycondensation polycrystalline graphite polycyclic system polydent polydiacetylenes polydisperse medium polydisperse polymer polyelectrolyte polyelectrolyte complex polyelectrolyte gel polyelectrolyte network polyfluorenes polyfunctional catalysis polygranular carbon polygranular graphite polyhedral symbol polyhedranes polyimides polyions polyketides polymer polymer alloy polymer blend polymer catalyst polymer compatibilizer polymer complexation polymer composite polymer crystal polymer crystallite polymer cyclization polymer degradation polymer drug polymer functionalization polymer gel polymer membrane polymer molecule polymer network polymer phase-transfer catalyst polymer reactant polymer reaction polymer solvent polymer sorbent polymer support polymer surfactant polymer-derived ceramic polymer-metal complex polymer-poor phase polymer-rich phase polymer-supported catalyst polymer-supported reaction polymer–polymer complex polymer–solvent interaction polymerase chain reaction polymeric polymeric inner salt polymeric sol polymeric stationary phase (material) in liquid chromatography polymerization polymolecularity correction polymorphic transition polyoxadiazoles polypeptides polyphenylenes polyphenylenethynylenes polyphenylenevinylenes polyprenols polypyrroles polyquinanes (polyquinenes) polysaccharides polysilanes polysulfanes polysulfides polytetrazines polythiadiazoles polythiazoles polythiophenes polytopal rearrangement polytypic transition polyvinylcarbazoles polyvinylenes polyzwitterions Poole–Frenkel effect pooled relative standard deviation pooled standard deviation population inversion pore size distribution Porod–Kratky chain porosity porous-layer open-tabular (PLOT) column in chromatography porphyrinogens porphyrins position-sensitive photomultiplier tube positive feedback positive ion in mass spectrometry positive-ion yield positron positron annihilation analysis positron emission tomography positron lifetime spectrometry positronium post-column derivatization in chromatography post-filter effect in luminescence spectroscopy postprecipitation potential at the point of zero charge (p.z.c.) potential coupling potential energy \(E_{\text{p}}\),\(V\)potential of a cell reaction potential of mean force potential temperature potential-determining (p.d.) ions potential-energy (reaction) surface potential-energy profile potentiation potentiometer potentiometric detection method in electrochemical analysis potentiometric enzyme electrode potentiometric gas sensor potentiometric selectivity coefficient potentiometric stripping analysis potentiometric titration potentiometry potentiostat powder pattern power level power \(P\)pre-association pre-equilibrium in solvent extraction pre-equilibrium (prior equilibrium) pre-exponential factor \(A\)pre-filter effect in luminescence spectroscopy pre-gel regime pre-gel state pre-polymer pre-polymer molecule pre-reactive complexes precession precipitation precipitation fractionation of polymers precipitation from homogeneous solution in analysis precipitation in sol-gel processing precipitation indicator precipitation titration precision precision limit precision of a balance precision of a weighing precision of indication of a balance preconcentration coefficient of a desired microcomponent preconcentration in trace analysis precursor complex precursor in radioanalytical chemistry precursor ion in mass spectrometry predissociation preferential sorption in polymers preferential sputtering preferred constitutional repeating unit preheating inductively-coupled plasma zone premium coke premix burner in flame spectroscopy prenols prepolymer prepreg presaturation pressure broadening pressure flow pressure gradient correction factor in gas chromatography pressure jump pressure-induced transition pressure-sensitive detector pressure \(p\)pretreatment of a catalyst primary (photo)process primary (photo)product primary aerosol primary beam primary crystallization primary current distribution primary electrons in in situ microanalysis primary excitation primary ion primary isotope effect primary kinetic electrolyte effect primary kinetic isotope effect primary mixture primary particle primary pH standards primary photochemical process primary pollutant in atmospheric chemistry primary sample primary species in a chain polymerization primary standard primary structure primary structure of a segment of a polypeptide primitive change principal group principal ion in mass spectrometry principal moments of inertia principle of least nuclear motion principle of microscopic reversibility principle of minimum structural change prior distribution \(P_{0}\)prior equilibrium priority pro-E, pro-Z pro-R, pro-S probability density \(P\)probability \(P\)probe in biotechnology probe ion procedure validation procedure verification process process in a state of statistical control prochirality prochirality centre prodrug conjugate product product development control product ion product state distribution product-determining step productivity \(r\) in biotechnology proficiency test item proficiency testing proficiency testing provider proficiency testing round proficiency testing scheme progenitor ion in mass spectrometry program programmed-flow chromatography programmed-pressure chromatography programmed-temperature chromatography projected range projection formula prolate trochoidal mass spectrometer promoter (gene technology) promoter in catalysis promotion prompt coincidence prompt gamma radiation prompt gamma-ray analysis prompt neutrons propagating reaction propagating species in a chain polymerization propagation propellanes property property value assignment prophage proportional counter proportional counter tube proportional gas-scintillation counter proprochirality pros in histidine nomenclature prostaglandins prostanoids prosthetic group proteases protected lyophobic colloid protection of a reactive group protective action in colloid chemistry protein engineering proteins proteoglycan proteome protic protide protio protium protocol for interlaboratory comparison protofugality protogenic (solvent) protolysis proton proton affinity proton charge proton doping proton magnetic moment proton magnetogyric ratio proton number proton rest mass proton transfer reaction protonated molecule in mass spectrometry protonation protonation constant protonic conductivity protophilic (solvent) protophilicity protoplast prototrophs prototropic rearrangement pseudo acids pseudo bases pseudo rate constant pseudo-asymmetric carbon atom pseudo-axial pseudo-catalysis pseudo-co-oligomer pseudo-copolymer pseudo-equatorial pseudo-first-order rate coefficient pseudo-first-order reaction pseudo-ionic polymerization pseudo-unimolecular pseudo-zero-order reaction pseudohalogens pseudomolecular rearrangement pseudopericyclic pseudorotation pseudoureas psychosine psychrometric hygrometer psychrometry puffing puffing inhibitor pulsatance pulse amplitude analyser pulse amplitude selector pulse duration of a laser pulse duration in electroanalytical chemistry pulse energy of a laser pulse height analyser pulse pile-up pulse rate in secondary-ion mass spectrometry pulse reactor in catalysis pulse sequence pulse width in secondary-ion mass spectrometry pulsed extraction field pulsed laser pulsed-field gradient pump-dump-probe technique pump-probe technique pure shift yielded by chirp excitation pure-element relative sensitivity factor purine bases push-pull conjugation pyramidal inversion pyranoses pyrimidine bases pyro pyroelectric detector pyrolysis pyrolysis curve in electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy pyrolysis-gas chromatography pyrolytic carbon pyrolytic graphite pyrromethenes π – π* state π → π* transition π-complex π-conjugated system π-electron donor

Q-switched laser QSAR quadratic mean \(\bar{x}_{q}\)quadrature detection in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy quadro- quadrupolar nuclide quadrupolar relaxation quadrupole ion storage trap quadrupole mass analyser quadrupole splitting in Mössbauer spectroscopy qualitative analysis qualitative elemental specificity in analysis quality quality assurance quality control quality control material quality factor in nuclear analytical chemistry quality improvement quality management quality management system quality manual quality objective quality of solvent in polymer chemistry quality plan quality planning quality policy quantitative analysis quantitative structure–activity relationship in drug design quantitative structure–activity relationships quantitative structure–property relationship quantity quantity calculus quantity of dimension one quantized internal energy quantum cascade laser quantum confinement effect quantum counter quantum efficiency quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics quantum of radiation quantum tunneling polymer composite quantum well multilayer quantum yield \(\mathit{\Phi}\)quantum-mechanical tunnelling quarter-transition-time potential quartet state quartz atomizer quartz–iodine lamp quasi-axial quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) method quasi-enantiomers quasi-equatorial quasi-equilibrium quasi-molecular ion in mass spectrometry quasi-racemic compound quasi-reference electrode quasi-single-strand polymer quasiparticle quaternary ammonium compounds quaternary structure quaterpolymer quencher quenching in radiation detectors quenching quenching constant in photochemistry quenching correction in photochemistry quinarenes quinhydrones quinomethanes quinomethides quinone diazides quinones quinonimines quinonoximes Quistor γ-quantum θ state in polymers

(chain) repeating distance (vertical) rise velocity \(v_{\text{f}}\) in flame emission and absorption spectrometry R, S r, s R*, S* rabbit rac racemate racemic racemic compound racemic conglomerate racemic mixture racemization racemo structures in polymers rad radial development radial electrostatic field analyser in mass spectrometry radial elution (radial development) or circular elution (circular development) in planar chromatography radial sectioning radial viewing mode radian radiance \(L\)radiant (energy) flux \(P\),\(\mathit{\Phi}\)radiant emittance radiant energy density \(\rho\),\(w\)radiant energy \(Q\)radiant exitance \(M\)radiant exposure \(H\)radiant flux radiant intensity \(I\)radiant power \(P\)radiant quantities radiation radiation chemistry radiation constants radiation continuum in spectrochemistry radiation counter radiation damping radiation detector radiation filter radiation hazard radiation reaction radiation spectrum radiation trapping radiationless deactivation radiationless transition radiative absorption in spectrochemistry radiative capture radiative charge carrier recombination radiative de-excitation in spectrochemistry radiative energy transfer radiative lifetime \(\tau_{0}\)radiative transition radical (free radical) radical anion radical cation radical centre(s) radical combination radical copolymerization radical disproportionation radical ion radical pair radical photosubstitution radical polymerization radical ring-opening polymerization radicofunctional name radioactive radioactive age radioactive chain radioactive contamination radioactive cooling radioactive dating radioactive decay radioactive equilibrium radioactive fallout radioactive half life radioactive series radioactive source radioactive steady state radioactive tracer radioactive tracer technique in analysis radioactive waste radioactivity radioanalytical chemistry radiochemical activation analysis radiochemical purification radiochemical purity radiochemical separation radiochemical yield radiochemistry radiochromatograph radiocolloid radioenzymatic assay radiofrequency radiofrequency coil radiofrequency generator in an inductively-coupled plasma spectrometer radiofrequency glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy radiograph radiogravimetric analysis radioimmunoassay radioiodination radioisotope radioisotope dilution analysis radioisotope induced X-ray emission analysis radioluminescence radiolysis radiometric analysis radiometric titration radiometry radionuclide radionuclidic purity radioreceptor assay radiorelease analysis radiosonde radius of gyration \(s\)raffinate rain out in atmospheric chemistry Raman band Raman optical activity Raman scattering Raman shift Raman spectroscopy Raman spectrum Raman wavenumber shift Randles–Ševčík equations random coil in polymers random coincidence in nuclear chemistry random copolymer random copolymerization random error random incidence spectrum random sample range in analysis range of measurement of an analyser range straggling Raoult's law rapid-scan Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy rare-earth-metal-mediated coordination-addition polymerization raster rate rate coefficient rate constant rate constant \(k\)rate law rate of appearance rate of change of a quantity rate of change ratio rate of consumption \(\nu_{n\text{,B}}\),\(\nu_{c\text{,B}}\)rate of conversion \(\dot{\xi}\)rate of disappearance rate of flow of liquid metal in polarography rate of fluid consumption \(q_{\text{V}}\) in flame emission and absorption spectrometry rate of formation \(\nu _{n\text{,y}}\),\(\nu_{\text{c,y}}\)rate of liquid consumption in flame spectroscopy rate of migration \(v\) in electrophoresis rate of nucleation rate of reaction \(\nu\)rate-controlling step rate-determining step ratemeter in radiochemistry ratio raw coke Rayleigh ratio Rayleigh scattering rayon-based carbon fibres re-extraction Re, Si reactance \(X\)reactant reacting bond rules reaction reaction barrier reaction chromatography reaction coordinate reaction cross-section \(\sigma_{\text{r}}\)reaction dynamics reaction injection moulding reaction intermediate reaction mechanism reaction path reaction path degeneracy reaction probability \(P_{\text{r}}\)reaction stage reaction step reaction time reactive (reactivity) reactive adsorption reactive blending reactive complex reactive desorption reactive desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry reactive polymer reactive polymer processing reactive scattering reactivity index reactivity–selectivity principle readability of a balance reading reagent real (electrified) interphase real potential of a species in a phase real spectrum real surface (interface) area rearrangement rearrangement ion in mass spectrometry rearrangement stage rebound reaction received radiant flux density receptor receptor in drug design recognition site recoil in radioanalytical chemistry recoil labelling recoil-free fraction in Mössbauer spectrometry recombinant DNA technology recombination fluorescence reconstructive transition recovered quantity value ratio recovery recovery factor in an extraction process recovery time of a radiation counter recrystallization red shift redeposition redox doping of a polymer redox indicator redox ion exchangers redox mediation redox polymer redox potential reduced adsorption reduced limiting sedimentation coefficient reduced mass \(\mu\)reduced mobile phase velocity \(\nu\) in chromatography reduced osmotic pressure reduced sample reduced sedimentation coefficient reduced species reduced viscosity of a polymer reducing in analytical chemistry reduction reductive elimination reductones referee sample reference atom in organic reaction mechanisms reference cell reference dose reference electrode reference flux density reference laboratory reference material reference material certificate reference material certification reference material certification report reference material producer reference method reference procedure in analysis of trace air constituents reference state of an element reference value pH standard reflectance \(\rho\)reflected power reflection reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy reflection factor reflection high energy electron diffraction reflection-absorption at grazing incidence reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy reflector voltage refraction effects refractive index increment in polymer chemistry refractive index \(n\)regeneration of a catalyst regioirregular polymer regiorandom polymer regioregular polymer regioselectivity (regioselective) regression analysis regular block in a polymer regular coke regular comb macromolecule regular macromolecule regular oligomer molecule regular polymer regular single-strand polymer regular star macromolecule regulator gene Rehm–Weller equation reinforced reaction injection moulding Reissert compounds rejection interval rel relative relative activity relative adsorption relative atomic mass \(A_\text{r}\)relative biological effectiveness of radiation relative configuration relative counting efficiency relative counting in nuclear chemistry relative density \(d\)relative detection limit relative electrode potential relative elongation relative error relative hardness relative humidity relative instrument spectral response function relative isotopic sensitivity factor relative local current density relative mass accuracy relative micellar mass relative molar mass relative molecular mass \(M_{\text{r}}\)relative permeability \(\mu_{\text{r}}\)relative permittivity \(\varepsilon_{\text{r}}\)relative preconcentration in trace analysis relative resolution of a spectrometer relative responsivity relative retardation \(R_{\text{rel}}\) in planar chromatography relative retention \(r\) in column chromatography relative selectivity in catalysis relative spectral responsivity relative sputtering rate relative standard deviation \(s_{\text{r}}\),\(\sigma_{\text{r}}\)relative uncertainty relative viscosity relative viscosity increment relative volumic mass relativistic effects relaxation relaxation energy in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy relaxation kinetics relaxation reagent relaxation time releaser in analytical flame spectroscopy rem Renner–Teller effect reorganization energy in electron transfer reorganization in polymers repeatability repeatability condition of measurement repeating distance repetency repetition rate of a pulsed laser repetition rate in secondary-ion mass spectrometry repetition time replacement name replacement operation in organic nomenclature replicate (duplicate) sample replication report in analysis reprecipitation representative sample repression reproducibility repulsive potential-energy surface requirement reserve sample residence time residence time \(t_{\text{r}}\) in biotechnology residual current residual dipolar coupling residual emission anisotropy residual fuel/oil residual liquid junction (potential) error in pH measurement residual spectrum/background spectrum in mass spectrometry resin resist polymer resistance \(R\)resistivity \(\rho\)resolution resolution in gas chromatography resolution in optical spectroscopy resolution in stereochemistry resolving power in mass spectrometry resolving power \(R\) in optical spectroscopy resolving time correction in nuclear analytical chemistry resolving time in nuclear analytical chemistry resonance resonance absorption technique resonance broadening resonance cross-section in Mössbauer spectrometry resonance effect resonance effect resonance effect magnitude in Mössbauer spectrometry resonance emission resonance energy resonance energy in radiochemistry resonance fluorescence resonance fluorescence technique resonance form resonance hybrid resonance integral in radiochemistry resonance integral \(H_{\text{rs}}\)resonance lamp resonance line in photochemistry resonance line in X-ray spectroscopy resonance neutrons resonance radiation resonance Raman scattering resonance reaction resonant inelastic X-ray scattering response constant in electroanalytical chemistry response time of an analyser response time \(\tau_{\text{R}}\) of a radiation detector responsive gel responsivity \(R\) in detection of radiation rest point of a balance restricted rotation restriction enzymes result in analysis retardation in polymer science retardation factor \(R\) in column chromatography retardation factor \(R_{\text{F}}\) in planar chromatography retarder retentate retention efficiency in particle separation retention factor \(k\) in column chromatography retention in nuclear chemistry retention index \(I\) in column chromatography retention of configuration retention temperature in chromatography retention time in chromatography retention volumes in chromatography reticulate doped polymer reticulation retinoids retro retro-ene reaction retroaddition retrocycloaddition reverse iodine-transfer polymerization reverse micelle reverse osmosis reverse transcriptases reversed (radiochemical) isotope dilution analysis reversed direct-injection burner in analytical flame spectroscopy reversed-phase chromatography reversible network reversible transition reversible-addition-fragmentation chain-transfer agent reversible-addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization reversible-addition-fragmentation radical polymerization reversible-deactivation anionic polymerization reversible-deactivation cationic polymerization reversible-deactivation coordination polymerization reversible-deactivation ionic polymerization reversible-deactivation polymerization reversible-deactivation radical polymerization revolutions per minute RF value \(R_{\text{F}}\) in chromatography rheology rheopexic gel rheopexy rhodamine dyes rhombohedral graphite ribbon delocalisation ribonucleic acids ribonucleotides ribosomal RNA ribosomes Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel (RRK) theory Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus (RRKM) theory riffling in analytical chemistry rigid chain rigid membranes ring assembly ring reversal ring-opening copolymerization ring-opening metathesis polymerization ring-opening nucleophilic chain polymerization ring-opening polymerization ring-sector Ringelmann chart in atmospheric chemistry ringing gel rise time rise time of an analyser risk risk assessment risk estimation Ritchie equation RM value \(R_{\text{M}}\) in planar chromatography RNA rod-like morphology röntgen root-mean-square end-to-end distance \(\text{<}r^{2}\text{>}^{1/2}\) in polymers Rosanoff convention rotamer rotating disc electrode rotating-frame NOE spectroscopy rotation-vibration spectrum rotational barrier rotational branch rotational constants rotational correlation time \(\tau_{\text{c}}\),\(\theta\)rotational diffusion rotational diffusion coefficient rotational echo double resonance rotational frequency \(f_{\text{rot}}\) in centrifugation rotational relaxation time \(\rho\)rotational term \(F\)rotator phase transition rotatory power rotaxanes rotenoids rotometer in atmospheric chemistry roughness factor of a surface rovibronic state R_p, S_p rRNA RS rubredoxin ruby laser ruggedness of a measurement procedure run bias rupture of a thin film Rutherford backscattering Rutherford backscattering spectrometry Rutherford cross section Rydberg constant Rydberg orbital Rydberg state Rydberg transition RYDMR α- (β-, γ-) ray spectrometer γ-radiation γ-ray spectrometer

S s-cis, s-trans saccharides Sackur–Tetrode constant sacrificial acceptor sacrificial donor sacrificial hyperconjugation saddle point Saha’s ionization equation salt salt bridge salt effect salt form of an ion exchanger salting out sample bias sample charging sample error in spectrochemical analysis sample flux density sample handling in analysis sample in analytical chemistry sample injector in chromatography sample pre-treatment sample unit sample voltage sampled DC polarography sampler sampling sampling error sampling increment sampling interval in electroanalysis sampling plan in analytical chemistry sampling target sampling time in electroanalysis sandwich compounds sanitary land fill saprophyte saturated solution saturation saturation activity saturation capacity saturation fraction \(s_{\text{B}}\)saturation in radioanalytical chemistry saturation loading saturation transfer saturation transfer difference spectroscopy saturation vapour pressure saturator sawhorse projection Saytzeff rule sc scaler scaling circuit scaling factor scan rate scanning electron microscopy scanning method in mass spectrometry scanning near-field optical microscopy scanning proton microscopy scanning transmission electron microscopy scattered-ion energy scattered-ion energy ratio scattering scattering angle \(\theta\)scattering cross-section \(\sigma_{\text{scat}}\)scattering error in spectrochemical analysis scattering geometry scattering matrix scattering plane scattering vector scavenger scavenging in atmospheric chemistry Schenck reaction Schenck-sensitization mechanism Schiff bases Schiller layers Schottky barrier Schottky-barrier photodiode Schulz–Zimm distribution Schulze–Hardy rule scintillation scintillation counter scintillation detector scintillation spectrometer scintillators scrambling screening screening function scrubber in atmospheric chemistry scrubbing in atmospheric chemistry seco- second \(\text{s}\)second harmonic generation second messenger second of arc second-order transition secondary crystallization secondary current distribution secondary electron multiplier in mass spectrometry secondary electron yield in in situ microanalysis secondary electrons in in situ microanalysis secondary excitation secondary fluorescence in X-ray emission spectroscopy secondary ion secondary ionization in mass spectrometry secondary isotope effect secondary kinetic electrolyte effect secondary kinetic isotope effect secondary metabolites secondary pollution (emissions) secondary radiation secondary species in a chain polymerization secondary standard secondary structure secondary-electron yield secondary-electron yield in secondary-ion mass spectrometry secondary-ion angular distribution secondary-ion energy distribution secondary-ion mass spectrometry secondary-ion yield secular equation secular equilibrium sediment sedimentation sedimentation coefficient \(s\)sedimentation equilibrium sedimentation field strength sedimentation in chemistry sedimentation potential difference sedimentation velocity method sedimentation velocity \(v_{\text{B}}\)sedimentation volume segment in analytical chemistry segmented copolymer segregated star macromolecule segregation segregation in polymers selected area electron diffraction selected ion monitoring in mass spectrometry selected-area aperture selection in biotechnology selection rule selective corrosion selective decoupling selective detector selective digestion selective elution in chromatography selective excitation selective in analysis selective inhibition selective micro-sample in spectrochemical analysis selective poisoning in catalysis selective preconcentration in trace analysis selective pulse selective sample selective solvent in polymer chemistry selective sorption selectively labelled selectively-labelled isotopic tracer selectivity selectivity selectivity coefficient \(k_{\text{A/B}}\) in ion exchange chromatography selectivity factor in ion exchange chromatography selectivity factor \(S_{f}\)selectivity of a reagent selectivity ratio selenenic acids selenides seleninic acids selenocyanates selenols selenones selenonic acids selenoxides self inductance \(L\)self-absorption self-absorption broadening of a spectral line self-absorption effect in luminescence spectroscopy self-absorption factor of a radiation source self-assembly self-diffusion coefficient self-localized excitations in conjugated organic polymers self-poisoning in catalysis self-quenching self-reversal self-shielding selones semi-empirical quantum mechanical methods semi-interpenetrating polymer network semi-rigid chain semicarbazones semicoke semiconductor semiconductor detector semiconductor laser semiconductor-metal transition semioxamazones semiquinones semisystematic name senior constitutional repeating unit seniority (senior) in organic nomenclature sensitive area of a radiation detector sensitive volume of a radiation detector sensitivity in mass spectrometry sensitivity \(A\) in metrology and analytical chemistry sensitivity of a measuring system sensitization sensitization in colloid chemistry sensitized luminescence sensitizer sensor separability assumption separated flame in flame spectroscopy separation coefficient separation factor \(\alpha\) in column chromatography separation factor \(\alpha_{\text{A,B}}\) in liquid-liquid distribution separation number \(\text{SN}\) in chromatography separation temperature in chromatography sequence sequence rules sequencing (proteins, nucleic acids) sequential analyser sequential detection in glow discharge optical emission spectrometry sequential indication of an analyser sequential interpenetrating polymer network sequential measuring cell sequential sample sequential semi-interpenetrating polymer network sequential spectrometer series of analytical results serum sesquiterpenoids sesterterpenoids settling chamber in atmospheric chemistry settling error in spectrochemical analysis settling velocity shakeoff shakeup shape selectivity in catalysis shape-memory polymer shear breakdown shear dependent viscosity shear modulus \(G\)shear rate shear strain \(\gamma\)shear stress \(\tau\)shear thickening shear thinning shear transition shear viscosity shelf life Shewhart control chart Shewhart control limit Shewhart means chart Shewhart range chart shielded flame shielding shielding constant \(\sigma\)shift reagent Shirley background shish-kebab structure short chain short circuit photocurrent short-chain branch short-range intramolecular interactions in polymers shots per pixel in secondary-ion mass spectrometry shrinkage shut-down state in analysis shut-down time in analysis shuttle vector SI Si sialon side chain side group side group or side-chain polymer liquid crystal siemens sievert sigmatropic rearrangement signal in analysis signal sequence signal-to-noise ratio silanes silanols silasesquiazanes silasesquioxanes silasesquithianes silathianes silazanes silicones siloxanes silver electrode silver film silyl groups silyl radicals silylene simple shear SIMS ion image simulation technique in analysis simultaneous interpenetrating polymer network simultaneous nucleation simultaneous pair transitions simultaneous reactions simultaneous semi-interpenetrating polymer network simultaneous spectrometer single beam spectrum single cell protein single channel pulse height analyser single crystal nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy single escape peak single photon counting single scattering single-beam (luminescence) spectrometer single-electron transfer mechanism single-focusing mass spectrometer single-photon timing single-step reaction single-strand chain in a polymer single-strand macromolecule single-strand polymer singlet molecular oxygen singlet state singlet-singlet absorption singlet-singlet annihilation singlet-singlet energy transfer singlet-triplet absorption singlet-triplet energy transfer singlet–triplet crossing singly labelled sink in atmospheric chemistry sintering site splitting size effect size-exclusion chromatography skeletal atom skeletal bond skeletal formula skeletal structure skew Slater determinant Slater-type orbital slip slip casting slit width of a dispersive spectrometer slot burner slow neutrons SM-interference small particle in radiation scattering small-angle X-ray scattering smectic state SMILES smog chamber in atmospheric chemistry smog in atmospheric chemistry smog index in atmospheric chemistry smoke smooth transition soap soap curd soap film soft acid soft base soft-segment phase domain soiling in atmospheric chemistry sol sol fraction sol-gel coating sol-gel critical concentration sol-gel material sol-gel metal oxide sol-gel process sol-gel silica sol-gel transition solar cell solar conversion efficiency solar flare solar radiation in atmospheric chemistry solid amalgam electrode solid angle of analyser solid angle \(\varOmega\),\(\omega\)solid phase antibody radioimmunoassay solid polymer electrolyte solid solution solid state lasers solid support in column chromatography solid volume in column chromatography solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy solidification solidus soliton solubility solubility parameter \(\delta\)solubility parameter \(\delta\)solubility product solubilization solute solute-volatilization interference in flame spectroscopy solution solvation solvation energy solvatochromic relationship solvatochromism solvatomers solvent solvent blank flux density solvent extraction solvent front in chromatography solvent in liquid-liquid distribution solvent ion exchange solvent isotope effect solvent migration-distance in chromatography solvent nucleation solvent parameter solvent regeneration in extraction processes solvent shift solvent suppression solvent transport rate in an inductively-coupled plasma spectrometer solvent-induced symmetry breaking solvent-separated ion pair solvent-shared ion pair solvolysis solvophobicity parameter \(Sp\)solvus SOMO sonication sonogel sonoluminescence sonosol soot Soret band sorption in colloid chemistry sorption isotherm in ion exchange sorption techniques in trace analysis sorptive insertion in surface catalysis source efficiency sp space charge in a semiconductor space formula space time in catalysis space velocity in catalysis spacer spacer arm spark (source) ionization in mass spectrometry spatial-distribution interference in flame spectroscopy spatially offset Raman spectroscopy spatially resolving detector of radiation special salt effect speciation analysis in chemistry speciation in chemistry species (taxonomic) specific specific acid–base catalysis specific activity (radionuclide) of a radionuclide specific activity \(a\) in radiochemistry specific adsorption specific burn-up specific catalysis specific conductance specific detector in chromatography specific gravity specific heat capacity \(c\)specific in analysis specific ionization in nuclear chemistry specific permeability in chromatography specific photon emission specific pore volume of a catalyst specific retention volume in chromatography specific surface area in surface chemistry specific volume \(v\)specific weight specifically absorbing ion specifically labelled specifically labelled tracer specified requirement specimen in analytical chemistry spectator hole spectator mechanism spectator-stripping reaction spectral (photon) effectiveness spectral background of an excitation source spectral band spectral bandwidth spectral bandwidth error in spectrochemical analysis spectral distribution spectral fluence rate \(E_{\lambda,\text{o}}\)spectral intensity spectral interference in flame spectroscopy spectral irradiance \(E_{\lambda}\)spectral line of an atom spectral overlap spectral photon exitance \(M_{\text{p}\lambda}\)spectral photon flow \(\varPhi_{\text{p}\lambda}\)spectral photon flux \(E_{\text{p}\lambda}\)spectral photon radiance \(L_{\text{p}\lambda}\)spectral quantities spectral radiance \(L_{\lambda}\)spectral radiant energy density spectral radiant energy \(Q_{\lambda}\)spectral radiant exitance \(M_{\lambda}\)spectral radiant flux spectral radiant intensity \(I_{\lambda}\)spectral radiant power \(P_{\lambda}\)spectral range of a spectrometer spectral resolution of an instrument spectral responsivity spectral responsivity function spectral sensitivity \(S(\lambda)\)spectral sensitization spectral spheradiance spectral subtraction spectral width in NMR spectrochemical buffer in atomic spectroscopy spectrochemical carrier in atomic spectroscopy spectroelectrochemistry spectrogram spectrograph spectrometer spectrometer response function spectrometer transmission function spectrometry spectrometry spectroscope spectroscopy spectrum spectrum analysis specular reflectance \(\rho\) in optical spectroscopy specular reflection specular X-ray reflectrometry speed distribution function \(F\left(c\right)\)speed of light in a vacuum \(c_{0}\),\(c\)speed \(\nu\),\(c\)spherical carbonaceous mesophase spherical radiance spherical radiant exposure spherical top spherulite spike spin of a nucleus spin adduct spin conservation rule spin contamination spin counting spin crossover spin decoupling spin density spin echo spin label spin polarization spin probe spin projection spin system spin trapping spin-allowed electronic transition spin-flip method spin-flip transition spin-flop transition spin-glass transition spin-lattice relaxation spin-lattice relaxation time spin-orbit coupling spin-orbit coupling constant \(A\)spin-orbit splitting spin-Peierls transition spin-spin relaxation spin-spin relaxation time spin-state transition spin-statistical factor in diffusion-controlled reactions spin–spin coupling spin–spin coupling constant \(J_{\text{AB}}\)spinning sidebands spinodal spinodal decomposition spiro atom spiro chain in a polymer spiro compounds spiro macromolecule spiro polymer spiro union splicing of DNA spontaneous emission spontaneous fission spontaneous resolution spot in chromatography spot sampling spray chamber sprayer in flame spectroscopy spread monolayer spreading function in chromatography spreading wetting sputter depth profile sputter rate sputter yield sputtering sputtering rate sputtering yield square-wave current square-wave voltammetry SR stability constant stable stable film, metastable film stable ion in mass spectrometry stable radical in SRMP stable-radical-mediated polymerization staggered conformation stagnant inversion in atmospheric chemistry stand-by state in analysis standard acceleration of free fall standard atmosphere standard atomic weights standard chemical potential standard concentration standard conditions for gases standard deviation for proficiency assessment standard deviation \(s\)standard electrode potential \(E^{\unicode{x26ac}}\)standard electromotive force standard entropy of activation \(\Delta ^{\ddagger}S^{\,\unicode{x26ac}}\),\(\Delta ^{\ddagger}S\)standard equilibrium constant \(K^{\unicode{x26ac}}\),\(K\)standard Gibbs energy of activation \(\Delta ^{\ddagger}G^{\,\unicode{x26ac}}\),\(\Delta ^{\ddagger}G\)standard hydrogen electrode standard molality \(m^{\unicode{x29B5}}\),\(m^{\,\unicode{x26ac}}\)standard operating procedure standard potential of an electrode reaction standard potential of the reaction in a chemical cell standard pressure standard rate constant of an electrode reaction standard reaction quantities standard solution standard state standard subtraction method in electroanalytical chemistry standard thermodynamic quantities standard uncertainty standard vacuum level stannoxanes stannylenes stannylidenes star copolymer star macromolecule star polymer Stark effect start-up time in analysis starting line in chromatography starting point state crossing state diagram state function state-to-state kinetics static fields mass spectrometer static limit in secondary-ion mass spectrometry static magnetic flux density static pressure static quenching static secondary-ion mass spectrometry static stability stationary phase (fermentation) stationary phase in chromatography stationary phase volume \(V_{\text{s}}\) in chromatography stationary state in kinetics stationary-phase fraction statistical coil statistical copolymer statistical copolymerization statistical factor statistical process control statistical pseudo-copolymer statistical segment in polymers statistical weight steady state steady state approximation steady state in liquid-liquid distribution steady-state sputtering steady-state surface composition sputtering Stefan–Boltzmann constant stem cell stem in polymer crystals step height in chromatography step in chromatography step-scan interferometer stepped surface stepwise elution in chromatography stepwise reaction steradian stereoblock macromolecule stereoblock polymer stereochemical formula stereochemical non-rigidity stereoconvergence stereodescriptor stereoelectronic stereoelectronic control stereoformula stereogenic center stereogenic unit stereoheterotopic stereohomosequence in a polymer stereoisomerism stereoisomers stereomutation stereoregular macromolecule stereoregular polymer stereorepeating unit in a polymer stereoselective polymerization stereoselective synthesis stereoselectivity stereosequence in a polymer stereospecific polymerization stereospecifically labelled tracer stereospecificity steric effect steric factor steric factor in polymers steric hindrance steric isotope effect steric strain steric-approach control Stern layer Stern–Volmer kinetic relationships steroids sterols stibanes stibanylidenes stibines stibinidenes stibonium compounds sticking coefficient in surface chemistry sticking probability in surface chemistry sticky ends in biotechnology stimulated emission stimulated radiative charge carrier recombination stimulated Raman scattering stirred flow reactor in catalysis stochastic effect stochastic sampling stochastic theories Stock number stock solution Stockholm convention stoichiometric stoichiometric capacity stoichiometric concentration \(c\)stoichiometric mean molal in electrochemistry stoichiometric number \(\nu\)stoichiometric sputtering stoichiometry stokes Stokes law Stokes number \(St\)Stokes parameters Stokes shift Stokes type radiation Stokes–Raman scattering stop event in secondary-ion mass spectrometry stop-flow conditions in electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy stopped flow stopped-flow cell in spectrochemical analysis stopping cross section stopping cross section factor stopping power STP strain strain energy strain-induced transition stratified film stratified sample stratocumulus cloud stratopause stratosphere stratus cloud stray light stray radiation error in spectrochemical analysis streak camera streak tube streaming birefringence streaming current streaming potential difference stress graphitization stress-assisted transition strip dynode photomultiplier tube stripping stripping isotherm stripping ratio in solvent extraction stripping reaction stripping solution in liquid-liquid distribution stripping voltammetry strong collision structural disorder structural formula structural stability structural transition structure of a catalyst structure-based design in drug design structure-property correlations structure–activity relationship styphnates sub-shell photoionization cross section subchain of a polymer subgroup-supergroup transition subjacent orbital sublation in solvent extraction sublimation subphase subsample substance concentration substance content \(n/m\)substance flow rate substance fraction \(x\)substituent atom (group) substituent electronegativity substitution chain transfer substitution reaction substitutive name substoichiometric extraction substoichiometric isotope dilution analysis substrate substrate substrate in thin films subtractive name subunit successor complex sudden polarization sudden potential-energy surface sugars suicide inhibition suicide metabolism sulfamic acids sulfanes sulfatides sulfenamides sulfenes sulfenic acids sulfenium ions sulfenyl groups sulfenyl nitrenes sulfenyl radicals sulfenylium ions sulfides sulfilimines sulfimides sulfimines sulfinamides sulfinamidines sulfines sulfinic acids sulfinic anhydrides sulfinimines sulfinylamines sulfolipids sulfonamides sulfonamidines sulfonediimines sulfones sulfonic acids sulfonic anhydrides sulfonimides sulfonium compounds sulfonphthaleins sulfonylamines sulfoxides sulfoximides sulfoximines sulfur diimides sultams sultims sultines sultones sum band sum frequency generation spectroscopy sum of states \(P(\varepsilon)\)sum transition sum-frequency spectroscopy summit current in polarography summit potential superabsorbent polymer superacid superbase superbase superconducting transition supercritical drying of a gel supercritical fluid supercritical fluid chromatography superequivalent adsorption superexchange interaction superficial work in surface chemistry superjacent orbital superlattice superposability superradiance supersaturation support of a catalyst support plate in chromatography support-coated open-tubular (SCOT) column in chromatography supporting electrolyte suppressor suprafacial supramolecular chemistry supramolecule surface surface (excess) conductivity surface active agent surface amount \(n^{\text{s}}\),\(n^{\text{a}}\)surface approximation energy surface barrier semiconductor detector surface catalysis surface charge density \(\sigma\)surface charge layer surface chemical potential surface concentration \(\mathit{\Gamma}\)surface contamination in surface analysis surface core-level shift surface coverage \(\theta\)surface crossing surface density \(\rho_{\text{A}}\),\(\rho_{\text{S}}\)surface dilatational viscosity surface dipole layer surface electric potential surface excess amount surface excess concentration \(\mathit{\Gamma}\)surface excess energy surface excess enthalpy surface excess entropy surface excess Gibbs energy surface excess Helmholtz energy surface excess isotherm surface excess \(n^{\sigma}\)surface extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy surface fractal dimension surface grafting surface ionization in mass spectrometry surface ions surface layer surface map surface of a phase surface of tension surface plasmon surface plasmon resonance surface potential surface pressure surface reaction surface region surface rheology surface segregation surface shear viscosity surface states surface stress \(T_{ij}\)surface tension \(\gamma\),\(\sigma\)surface work surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry surface-enhanced hyper-Raman spectroscopy surface-enhanced infrared absorption surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy surface-enhanced resonant Raman spectroscopy surface-enhanced, spatially offset Raman spectroscopy surfactant surprisal analysis surprisal \(s\)suspended matter in atmospheric chemistry suspension suspension effect in an ion-selective electrode Swain–Lupton equation Swain–Scott equation swelling agent swelling in colloid and surface chemistry swelling pressure in colloid and surface chemistry swift ion switchboard model in polymer crystals switching transition sydnone imines sydnones sym- symbiosis symbol in quantities and units symmetric in vibrational spectroscopy symmetric top symmetrical films symmetrization symmetry coordinate symmetry number \(s\)symmetry-breaking transition symmetry-conserving transition symmorphic space group symproportionation syn synartetic acceleration synchronization (principle of nonperfect synchronization) synchronous synchronously excited (fluorescence, phosphorescence) spectrum synchrotron radiation synchrotron radiation induced X-ray fluorescence analysis synchrotron X-ray spectroscopy synclinal syndet syndiotactic macromolecule syndiotactic polymer syndiotactic triads in polymers syneresis synergism in solvent extraction synergism in toxicology synoptic scale synperiplanar syntectic reaction synthetic graphite system system of units of measurement system resolution systematic effect systematic error systematic name Système International d'Unités systemic effect Szilard–Chalmers effect π → σ* transition σ → σ* transition σ, π (sigma, pi)

'true' rate constant t₁ in two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy t₁ noise in two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy t₂ in two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy T-jump tactic block in a polymer tactic block polymer tactic macromolecule tactic polymer tacticity Taft equation tagged tailing in chromatography take-off angle tandem mass spectrometer target in biology target measurement uncertainty tautomeric effect tautomerism tautomerization tautomers tele tele-substitution telechelic molecule telechelic polymer tellurides tellurones telomer telomerization temperature temperature coefficient of responsivity temperature effect in luminescence spectroscopy temperature inversion in atmospheric chemistry temperature jump temperature lapse rate in atmospheric chemistry temperature-programmed chromatography template in biotechnology temporary poisoning in catalysis tera term in X-ray spectroscopy term symbols term \(T\)termination terminator in biotechnology termolecular terpenes terpenoids terpolymer tertiary aerosol in an inductively-coupled plasma spectrometer tertiary current distribution tertiary structure tesla test portion test sample test solution in analysis testing tetracyclines tetrads tetrahedral intermediate tetrahedro- tetrapyrroles tetraterpenoids texture of a catalyst theoretical ceramic yield theoretical plate number theoretical scattered-ion intensity thermal analysis thermal black thermal column in nuclear chemistry thermal conductance \(G\)thermal conductivity detector in gas chromatography thermal conductivity \(\lambda\)thermal curing thermal detector thermal diffusion depth thermal diffusivity thermal dispersion thermal fission thermal injection thermal ionization in mass spectrometry thermal lensing thermal neutrons thermal resistance \(R\)thermal volatilization thermal wave decay coefficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence thermally-induced transition thermionic work function thermoacoustimetry thermochemical analysis thermochemical calorie thermochromism thermocouple thermodilatometry thermodynamic control of product composition thermodynamic energy thermodynamic equilibrium constant thermodynamic isotope effect thermodynamic quality of solvent in polymer chemistry thermodynamic temperature \(T\)thermodynamically equivalent sphere in polymer chemistry thermoelectrometry thermogram thermogravimetry thermoluminescence thermolysis thermomagnetometry thermomechanical measurement thermometric thermometric enthalpy titration thermometric titration thermoparticulate analysis thermophile thermophotometry thermopile thermoplastic elastomer thermoptometry thermoreversible gel thermoreversible junction point thermoreversible network thermosetting polymer thermosonimetry thermosphere thermotropic mesophase thiazynes thick film thickness of diffusion layer in electrochemistry thickness of electrical double layer thickness of reaction layer in electrochemistry thin film thin target thin-layer chromatography thio thioacetals thioaldehyde S-oxides thioaldehydes thioanhydrides thiocarboxylic acids thiocyanates thioethers thiohemiacetals thioketone S-oxides thioketones thiolates thiols thionylamines third body thixotropic gel thixotropy thiyl radicals three-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy three-electrode cell threo threo structures threshold energy \(E_{0}\)threshold limit value through-bond electron transfer through-conjugation through-space electron transfer throughput rate throwing power TICT emission TICT state tie molecule in polymers tight ion pair time constant \(\tau_{\text{c}}\) of a detector time domain time domain nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy time of centrifugation \(t\) of centrifugation time of deactivation in heterogeneous catalysis time of solidification, of thixotropic recovery time-correlated single photon counting time-dependent density functional theory time-dependent stoichiometry time-independent stoichiometry time-of-flight mass spectrometer time-resolved anisotropy \(r(t)\)time-resolved fluorometry time-resolved laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy time-resolved microwave conductivity time-resolved spectroscopy time \(t\)tip enhanced raman spectroscopy tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy titrand titrant titration titration curve titration error titre titrimetric analysis tolerance tolerance interval tolerance limit tonne topical effect topochemical reaction topographic contrast topomerization topomers topotactic reaction topotactic transition torque \(T\)torquoselectivity torr torsion angle torsional braid analysis torsional stereoisomers torsional strain total absorption peak total chemiflux total consumption time \(t_{\text{tot}}\) in flame emission and absorption spectrometry total correlation spectroscopy total internal reflection total ion current total ion yield total quality management total radiant power total reflection of X-rays total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy total retention volume \(V_{\text{R}}\),\(t_{\text{R}}\) in column chromatography total sample consumption system total secondary-electron yield total suppression of spinning sidebands total velocity of the analyte \(\nu_{\text{tot}}\) in capillary electrophoresis totally porous packing in chromatography Tougaard background toxicity toxicodynamics toxicokinetics toxicology toxin toxinology trace element traceability tracer track (nuclear) track detector (nuclear) trajectory in reaction dynamics trans trans conformation trans- in inorganic nomenclature trans-fused transannular strain transcription in biotechnology transducer transduction in biotechnology transfer transfer activity coefficient \(\mathit{\gamma}_{\text{t}}\)transfer in analysis transfer line transfer RNA transferability transferases transflectance transflection transformation transformation in gene technology transformation probability transient (chemical) species transient crosslink transient junction point transient network transient phase (induction period) transient spectroscopy transient-stimulated emission pumping transit time \(t_{\text{ts}}\) in flame emission and absorption spectrometry transition transition (dipole) moment transition coordinate transition element transition interval in titrimetric analysis transition layer transition polarization transition potential of a redox indicator transition probability for absorption transition probability for spontaneous emission transition probability for stimulated emission transition species transition state transition state analogue transition state theory transition structure transition temperature (for liquid crystals) transition time in electroanalytical chemistry transition wavenumber \(\tilde{\nu }\)transition-metal-mediated radical polymerization translation in biotechnology translational spectroscopy transmission transmission coefficient transmission electron energy loss spectroscopy transmission electron microscopy transmission factor transmission high energy electron diffraction transmission in mass spectrometry transmission Raman spectroscopy transmission spectrum transmittance \(T\),\(\tau\)transoid conformation transport control transport efficiency of a sample transport in analysis transport interference in flame spectroscopy transport number \(t\)transposon transtactic polymer transverse relaxation optimized spectroscopy trapping travel time \(t_{\text{tv}}\) in flame emission and absorption spectrometry treated solution in analytical chemistry triads triangulo- triazanes triazenes triboluminescence trimethylenemethanes trioxides triple point triple-resonance nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy triplet state triplet-triplet absorption triplet-triplet annihilation triplet-triplet energy transfer triplet-triplet transitions triprismo- tritactic polymer triterpenoids tritide tritio tritium triton trivial energy transfer trivial name tRNA Troe expression tropilidenes tropolones tropones tropopause troposphere tropyl radicals tropylium ions true coincidence in radiochemistry true value \(\tau\) in analysis tub conformation tunable laser in spectrochemical analysis Tung distribution of a macromolecular assembly tungsten-halogen lamp tunnelling turbidimetric titration turbidity \(\tau\) in light scattering turnover frequency in catalysis turnstile rotation turntable reactor twist form twisted intramolecular charge transfer two-colour indicator two-dimensional chromatography two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy two-dimensional correlation spectrum two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy two-photon excitation two-photon photochromism two-photon process two-site immunoradiometric assay θ temperature in polymers λ-transition

u ulosonic acids ultimate capacity in solvent extraction ultra-shallow depth profile ultrafiltrate ultrafiltration ultramicroelectrode ultrasonic detector in gas chromatography ultrasonic nebulizers ultraviolet umpire sample umpolung unactivated adsorption process uncertainty of measurement undersampling uniaxial pressing uniaxial sample unified atomic mass unit uniform corrosion uniform polymer uniformly labelled uniformly labelled tracer unimer unimolecular unit in analytical chemistry unit cell unit of measurement unit system unitary quantity universal calibration in chromatography universal detector in chromatography universal indicator unperturbed dimensions in polymers unreactive unresolved peak unstable unstable film unstable ion in mass spectrometry unsymmetrical films unzipping upconversion upfield uphill transport in membrane processes upper critical solution temperature upper limit of measurement in atmospheric trace component analysis upstream in membrane processes uptake ureides urethanes uronic acids uronium salts useful ion yield useful spatial resolution in secondary-ion mass spectrometry useful spectral range UV dose UV photoelectron spectroscopy UV stabilizer

vaccine vacuum level vacuum level at infinity vacuum level referencing vacuum phototube vacuum system in mass spectrometry valence valence band valence bond theory valence isomer valence tautomerization valence transition valence-band spectrum validation value of a division of a precision balance scale value of a quantity van der Waals adsorption van der Waals broadening van der Waals forces vaporization temperature \(T_{\text{vap}}\) in electrothermal atomization vapour phase interference in analysis variable pathlength cell in spectrochemical analysis variable \(x\)variance \(V\),\(\sigma ^{2}\)variational transition state theory variegated star macromolecule Vavilov rule vector velocity in mass transport velocity \(v\),\(c\)verdazyl radicals verification vertical ionization vertical transition Verwey transition vibrational circular dichroism vibrational eigenvector vibrational kinetic energy vibrational potential energy vibrational redistribution vibrational relaxation vibrational spectroscopy vibrational term value vibrational term \(G\)vibrationally adiabatic transition-state theory vibronic coupling vibronic transition vidicon vinyl carbenes vinylic cations vinylic groups vinylidenes viologens virial coefficients virtual transition viscosity viscosity function \(\mathit{\Phi}\)viscosity number viscosity ratio viscous sintering visibility in atmospheric chemistry visible Voigt function volatilization volatilizer volt Volta potential difference voltage in electroanalysis voltammetric constant voltammetry voltammogram volume content \(V_{\text{c}}/m_{\text{s}}\)volume flow rate \(q_{\text{v}}\)volume fraction \(\phi\)volume of activation \(\Delta ^{\ddagger}V\)volume of the stationary phase in chromatography volume rate volume reaction volume reflection volume strain \(\theta\)volume viscosity volume yield volumetric flowrate in gas chromatography volumetric titration volumic von Weimarn ratio vulcanization VUV ρ-value

Wagner number Walden inversion wall atomization in electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy wall-coated open-tubular (WCOT) column in chromatography wall-jet electrode wash out in atmospheric chemistry wash out time watt wave height (electrochemical) wave vector in X-ray reflectrometry wavefunction \(\Psi \),\(\psi\),\(\varphi\)wavelength converter wavelength dispersion in X-ray emission spectroscopy wavelength error in X-ray emission spectroscopy wavelength in medium wavelength in vacuum wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis wavelength \(\lambda\)wavenumber in medium wavenumber in vacuum wavenumber \(\sigma\),\(\tilde{\nu }\)weak collision weathering weber wedge projection weight-distribution function weight \(G\)weighted mean Weller correlation Westcott cross-section wet bulb temperature wetting wetting tension Wheland intermediate wideband, alternating-phase, low-power technique for residual splitting Wiegner effect Wigner matrices Wigner rule Wilzbach labelling wind rose Wittig reagents wolfram lamp Wood horn Wood lamp Woodward–Hoffmann rules work function work hardening work of adhesion work of cohesion per unit area work of immersional wetting per unit area work of separation work softening work \(w\),\(W\)working electrode working interval working potential range working range of a spectrometer worm-like chain in polymers

x unit X-radiation X-ray absorption analysis X-ray absorption edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy X-ray absorption near edge structure X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy X-ray analysis X-ray computed micro-tomography X-ray diffraction analysis X-ray emission spectrum X-ray escape peak X-ray fluorescence X-ray fluorescence analysis X-ray fluorescence microscopy X-ray intensity X-ray jump ratio X-ray level X-ray linewidth X-ray monochromator X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy X-ray reflectometry X-ray satellite X-ray spectroscopy X-ray standing waves xanthates xanthene dyes xanthic acids xanthophylls xenobiotic xenon lamp xerogel XPS xylylenes ξ- (xi-)

YAG Yang photocyclization yard year yield \(Y\) in biotechnology yield stress ylides ynamines ynols yocto yotta Youden plot Young's modulus Yukawa–Tsuno equation

Z Z-value of a photochromic system Zaitsev rule Zeeman effect Zeeman levels zepto zero differential overlap (ZDO) approximation zero field splitting zero filling zero path difference zero point of a glass electrode zero point of scale of a balance zero-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy zero-point energy zero–zero (0–0) absorption or emission zeta zetta zig-zag projection Zimm plot zone in chromatography zone melting method of preconcentration Zucker–Hammett hypothesis zwitterionic compounds/zwitterions zwitterionic polymer zygote ζ-potential

Alphabetical Index

Additional Indexes

Version 3.0.1 (7906 Terms)

Gold Book Terms