Terms

Gold Book Terms

k-means clustering k-nearest neighbour n^th-order effect

¹³C-HMQC-NOESY ¹³C-NOESY-HSQC ¹⁵N-NOESY-HSQC ¹⁵N-TOCSY-HSQC 180° pulse 1D property descriptor 1D structure

2-photon lithography 2D property 2D quantitative structure-activity relationships 2D structure

3D lithography 3D property 3D searching 3D structure 3D structure generation

4D quantitative structure-activity relationships

90° pulse

E_sum E, Z E/Z photoisomerization early life stage test early-downhill surface earthworm reproduction test echo time eclampsia eclipsed (eclipsing) eclipsing conformation eclipsing strain ecogenetics ectoderm ectohormone ectopia ectopic expression ectopic pregnancy ectrodactyly ectrosyndactyly eddy eddy dispersion edema edge acuity Edman degradation educt effect of a factor effective attenuation length effective cadmium cut-off energy in nuclear analytical chemistry effective charge effective chimney height effective half life effective length of the capillary effective molarity effective plate height effective plate number effective theoretical plate number of a chromatographic column effective thermal cross-section effective thickness of diffusion layer effectively infinite thickness in flame spectroscopy effectiveness effector efferent duct efficiency of a counter efficiency of atomization in analytical flame spectroscopy efficiency of nebulization \(\varepsilon_{\text{n}}\) in flame spectrometry efficiency spectrum efficiency \(\eta\) of a step efflorescence effluent effluent in chromatography egg eicosanoids eighteen-electron rule einstein Einstein equation Einstein photoelectric equation ejaculation ejaculatory duct El-Sayed rules elastic collision elastic peak elastic peak electron spectroscopy elastic scattering cross section elastic scattering in reaction dynamics elastic scattering in spectrochemistry elastically active network chain elastomer electret electric capacitance electric charge \(Q\)electric coherence length \(\xi_{\text{E}}\) in thin films electric conductance \(G\)electric conductivity electric conductor electric current density \(j\)electric current \(I\)electric dipole moment \(p\)electric discharge electric displacement \(D\)electric drift electric field (strength) \(E\)electric mobility \(u\),\(\mu \)electric polarizability \(\alpha\)electric potential difference \(\Delta V\) of a galvanic cell electric potential \(V\)electric resistance \(R\)electric resistivity electric sector in mass spectrometry electrical anharmonicity electrical arc electrical double-layer electrical harmonicity electrical hygrometer electrically conducting polymer electrically conducting polymer composite electrified interphase electro-dialysis electro-endosmosis electro-optic effect electro-optic parameter electro-osmosis electro-osmotic hold-up time \(t_{\text{eo}}\) in capillary electromigration electro-osmotic mobility \(u\),\(\mu _{\text{eo}}\) in capillary electromigration electro-osmotic pressure electro-osmotic velocity electro-osmotic volume flow electroactive substance electrocapillarity electrocapillary equation electrocatalysis electrochemical biosensor electrochemical cell electrochemical constants electrochemical detection in flowing systems electrochemical detector in gas chromatography electrochemical impedance spectroscopy electrochemical method of detection in analysis electrochemical piezoelectric microgravimetry electrochemical potential electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance electrochemical sensor electrochemiluminescence electrochromic effect electrochromic polymer electrocyclic reaction electrode electrode array electrode coverage density electrode current density \(j\)electrode memory electrode potential \(E\)electrode process electrode reaction electrode reaction rate constants electrode surface area electrodecantation (or electrophoresis convection) electrodeposition electrofluorescence electrofuge electrogenerated chemiluminescence electrographite electrogravimetry electroinjection electrokinetic chromatography electrokinetic injection electrokinetic potential \(\zeta\)electroluminescence electroluminescent polymer electrolyte electrolytic cell electrolytic hygrometer electromagnetic field electromagnetic field responsive polymer electromagnetic radiation electromagnetic transition electromembrane extraction electromeric effect electromigration electromotive force \(E\)electron electron acceptor electron affinity \(E_{\text{ea}}\)electron attachment electron back-transfer electron beam curing electron beam lithography electron beam resist electron capture electron capture detector in gas chromatography electron charge electron configuration electron correlation electron density electron density function electron detachment electron donor electron emission spectrometry electron energy analyser electron energy in mass spectrometry electron energy loss spectroscopy electron energy loss spectrum electron exchange excitation transfer electron flooding electron impact ionization in mass spectrometry electron inelastic mean free path electron ionization in mass spectrometry electron jump electron kinetic energy electron microscopy electron number density electron number of an electrochemical reaction electron paramagnetic resonance electron probe microanalysis electron probe X-ray microanalysis electron pushing electron rest mass electron retardation electron spectrometer electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis electron stopping power in X-ray emission spectroscopy electron transfer electron transfer photosensitization electron tunneling electron work function \(\mathit{\Phi}\)electron-beam direct-write lithography electron-counting rules electron-deficient bond electron-deficient compounds electron-deficient molecule electron-donor-acceptor complex electron-pair acceptor electron-pair donor electron-rich molecule electron-transfer catalysis electron-transfer dissociation in proteomics electron-transfer ring-opening metathesis polymerization electron-transfer/higher-energy collision dissociation in proteomics electronation electronegativity electroneutrality principle electronic chemical potential electronic configuration electronic effect of substituents: symbols and signs electronic energy migration (or hopping) electronic reference to access in vivo concentrations electronic stability electronic state electronic stopping cross section electronic transition electronically excited state electronvolt electroosmosis electroosmotic velocity electroosmotic volume flow rate electrophile electrophilic chain polymerization electrophilic substitution electrophilicity electrophoresis electrophoresis convection electrophoretic mobility \(\mu\)electrophoretic velocity \(\nu_{\text{ep}}\)electrophosphorescence electrophotography electroporation electrorheological effect electrosmosis electrospray ionisation in proteomics electrospray laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry electrostacking electrostatic filter electrostatic precipitator electrostriction electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy electrothermal atomizer in spectrochemical analysis electrothermal vaporization electroviscous effects element element effect element of chirality elemental map elemental relative sensitivity factor elementary charge \(e\)elementary entity elementary particle in nuclear chemistry elementary reaction elimination ellipsometry ellipticity eluate eluent elute elution elution band in chromatography elution chromatography elution curve elution mode in counter-current chromatography elution solvent elutriation emanation thermal analysis embossing embryo embryo transfer embryo transport rate analysis embryogenesis embryoid body embryology embryonic disc embryonic induction embryonic period embryonic stem cell emission emission anisotropy emission control equipment in atmospheric chemistry emission flux in atmospheric chemistry emission in atmospheric chemistry emission spectrum emittance \(\varepsilon\)empirical formula emulsifier emulsion enamines enantioconvergence enantioenriched enantiomer enantiomeric excess enantiomeric groups enantiomeric purity enantiomeric ratio enantiomeric units in a polymer enantiomerically enriched enantiomerically pure enantiomerism enantiomerization enantiomorph enantiomorphous structures in polymers enantiopure enantioselective chromatography enantioselectivity enantiotopic enantiotropic mesophase enantiotropic transition encapsulation in catalysis encephalitis encephalocele encounter encounter complex encounter control encounter pair encounter-controlled rate end-group end-point end-point error end-to-end distance in polymers end-to-end vector in polymers endergonic reaction endo, exo, syn, anti endocardial cushion endocardium endochondral ossification endocrine endocrine disrupter endocytosis endoderm endoenzymes endometabolome endometrium endonuclease endothelium endothermic reaction ene reaction energized species energy band energy band theory energy dispersion in emission spectrometry energy dispersive detector energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis energy edge energy flux density energy gap energy gradient energy hypersurface energy level of a free atom, ion or molecule energy migration energy of a radiation energy of activation energy of activation of an electrode reaction energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy pooling energy profile energy resolution in radiochemistry energy storage efficiency \(\eta\)energy threshold in radiochemistry energy transfer in photochemistry energy transfer plot in photochemistry energy yield of luminescence energy \(E\)enforced concerted mechanism enhanced elastic cross section enhanced phosphorescence analysis in luminescence spectroscopy enhancement reaction in analytical chemistry enhancer enolates enols enophile enoses enrichment factor \(S\) in liquid-liquid distribution enrichment, isotopic ent entanglement network entatic state entering group enthalpimetric analysis enthalpimetric flow injection analysis enthalpimetric titration enthalpimetry enthalpogram enthalpy of activation \(\Delta ^{\ddagger}H^{\,\unicode{x26ac}}\)enthalpy of immersion enthalpy of wetting enthalpy \(H\)entitic entitic quantity entrainment in atmospheric chemistry entrainment in photochemistry entrance channel entropy of activation \(\Delta ^{\ddagger}S^{\,\unicode{x26ac}}\)entropy unit entropy \(S\)envelope conformation environmental monitoring environmental factor environmental stress cracking enzymatic decomposition enzyme activator enzyme activity enzyme conjugate enzyme induction in general chemistry enzyme induction in medicinal chemistry enzyme inhibitor enzyme repression enzyme substrate electrode enzyme thermistor enzyme-modified electrode enzymes enzymic decomposition epaxial epi-phase epiblast epicadmium neutrons epicardium epidemiology epidermis epididymal appendix epididymis epigenetic epihalohydrins epilepsy epimerization epimers epiphyseal plate epispadias epistasis episulfonium ions epitaxial crystallization epitaxy epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition epithelium epithermal neutrons epitope epoxide hydrolase epoxides epoxy compounds equalization of electronegativity, principle of equatorial equilibration equilibrium constant equilibrium control equilibrium dialysate equilibrium distance in a molecule equilibrium electrode potential equilibrium film equilibrium geometry equilibrium isotope effect equilibrium reaction equilibrium sedimentation equilibrium solution equivalence point equivalence postulate in polymer chemistry equivalence-point equivalent chain in polymers equivalent diameter equivalent entity erectile dysfunction erg Ernst angle erosion rate of a surface error of measurement errors-in-variables regression erythro structures in a polymer erythro, threo ESCA escape depth (for surface analysis techniques) Esin and Markov coefficient esters estradiol estriol estrogen estrogen-mimetic estrogenic estrous cycle estrus estrus syndrome ET-value \(E_{\text{T}}\)etch etch rate ethers euatmotic reaction Euclidean distance eupeptide bond euploid eutectic reaction eutherian evaluation data evaluation function evanescent wave Evans hole evaporation even-electron ion eventration evocation evolved gas analysis evolved gas detection evolving factor analysis Ewens–Bassett number exa examinand examination examination accuracy examination bias examination calibration examination calibrator examination error examination method examination precision examination principle examination procedure examination repeatability examination reproducibility examination result examination standard examination traceability examination trueness examination uncertainty examinational comparability of examination results examinational compatibility of examination results examined value examining system excess acidity excess mass (at a solid/liquid interface) excess Rayleigh ratio excess volume (at a solid/liquid interface) exchange current of an electrode reaction exchange extraction exchange integral exchange labelling exchange repulsion exchange spectroscopy exchange-inversion transition excimer excimer lamp excimer laser excimer-luminescence in luminescence quenching excipient in toxicology exciplex exciplex-luminescence in luminescence quenching excitation excitation energy excitation energy in in situ microanalysis excitation level in X-ray spectroscopy excitation profile excitation sculpting excitation spectrum excitation transfer excitation-emission spectrum excited state exciton exciton annihilation exciton diffusion exciton dissociation exciton mean free path exciton-phonon coupling excluded volume of a macromolecule in polymers excluded volume of a segment in polymers exclusion chromatography excretion excurrent exencephaly exergonic reaction exfoliated graphite exfoliation exhaustive extraction exit channel exitance exo exocrine exoenzymes exogenous deoxyribonucleic acid exometabolome exomphalos exon exonuclease exophthalmia exothermic reaction expansion factor in polymers expectation value expected value experimental absorbance experimental design experimental perturbational calculation experimental scattered-ion intensity expert system explanatory variable explicit solvent exploratory data analysis explosivity limits exponential decay exposure in medicinal chemistry exposure exposure in nuclear chemistry exposure in photochemistry exposure latitude expressed sequence tag expression in biotechnology expression proteomics exstrophy extended connectivity fingerprints extended Hammett equation extended Hückel MO method extended X-ray absorption fine structure extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy extended-chain crystal in polymers extender extensive quantity extent of an interface (surface) extent of electron delocalization extent of reaction \(\xi\)external calibration external compensation external genitalia external heavy atom effect external ion return external ion-pair return external photoelectric effect external quantum yield external reflection spectroscopy external return external standard in chromatography external standardization for quenching correction external surface exterplex extinction extinction coefficient extra-column volume in chromatography extracellular matrix extract extract extractability in solvent extraction extractant extracting agent extraction extraction (equilibrium) constant extraction coefficient extraction factor \(D_{\text{m}}\)extraction field extraction fractionation of polymers extraction in process liquid-liquid distribution extraction isotherm extraction phase extraction process in catalysis extraction rate extractive distillation extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry extractor voltage in secondary ion mass spectrometry extraembryonic membrane extraembryonic mesoderm extraordinary wave extrapolated range in radiochemistry extreme ultraviolet lithography extremophiles extrinsic pathway extrinsic plasmon extrinsic semiconductor extrusion transformation α-expulsion in photochemistry π-electron acceptor/donor group ρσ-equation

g index in G-SIMS G value in nuclear chemistry G-fold cross validation G-SIMS G-SIMS with fragmentation pathway mapping gain \(G\) of a photomultiplier gall bladder Galvani potential difference galvanic cell galvanic corrosion galvanostat gamete gamete intrafallopian transfer gametogenesis gamma-ray spectrometry gas analysis installation in atmospheric chemistry gas black gas chromatography gas constant gas laser gas sensing electrode gas-filled phototube gas-filled X-ray detector gas-liquid chromatography gas-phase acidity gas-phase basicity gas-phase-grown carbon fibres gas-solid chromatography gaseous diffusion separator in atmospheric chemistry gastric parietal cell gastroschisis gastrula gastrulation gate delay in laser induced breakdown spectroscopy gated decoupling gated photochromism gated photodetector gauche gauche conformation in polymers gauche effect gauss Gaussian band Gaussian band shape Gaussian orbital GD-OES spectrometers with simultaneous detection Geiger counter Geiger–Muller counter tube gel gel aging gel electrophoresis in proteomics gel fraction gel permeation chromatography gel point gel time gelation gelation temperature geminate ion pair geminate pair geminate recombination gene gene amplification gene expression gene library gene manipulation gene product gene silencing gene targeting general acid catalysis general acid–base catalysis general base catalysis general force field generalized transition-state theory generally labelled tracer generation in a dendron generation time \(t_{\text{G}}\) in biotechnology generator coupling efficiency in inductively-coupled plasma spectrometry genetic algorithm genetic code genetic recombination genital genital fold genital organ genital tract genital tubercle genitalia genome genomics genotoxic genotype geometric mean \(\bar{x}_{\rm{g}}\)geometric attenuation geometric isomerism geometric surface (interface) area geometrical equivalence in polymers geometry (counting) in radioanalytical chemistry geometry factor in radioanalytical chemistry germ cell gene mutation assay germ layer germ line cell germylenes germylidenes gestation gestation index gestation period Gibbs adsorption Gibbs dividing surface Gibbs energy (function) \(G\)Gibbs energy diagram Gibbs energy of activation \(\Delta ^{\ddagger}G^{\,\unicode{x26ac}}\)Gibbs energy of photoinduced electron transfer Gibbs energy of repulsion Gibbs energy profile Gibbs film elasticity Gibbs surface giga gigantism gland glans glans clitoridis glans penis glass electrode error glass laser glass pH-sensitive electrode glass transition glass-like carbon glass-transition temperature glassy carbon electrode glaucoma global analysis global model globally optimized alternating-phase rectangular pulses globular-chain crystal in polymers glomerulus glove box glow discharge source glow electric discharge glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy glucocorticoid glucuronide glycals glycan microarray glycan profiling glycan-binding protein glycans glycaric acids glycerides glycerolipids glycerophospholipid glycerophospholipids glycitols glyco-amino-acid glycoconjugate glycoform glycogene glycoglycerolipid glycolipid glycolipids glycols glycolysis glycome glycomics glycone glyconic acids glycopeptides glycoprotein glycoproteins glycoproteomics glycosamines glycosaminoglycan glycoses glycosidase glycoside glycosides glycosidic linkage glycosphingolipid glycosyl glycosyl group glycosyl-amino-acid glycosylamines glycosylation glycosyltransferase glycuronic acids gold electrode gonad gonadotropin gonadotropin-releasing hormone good laboratory practice good manufacturing practice Gouy layer in electrochemistry Graafian follicle grab sampling gradient gradient elution in chromatography gradient layer in chromatography gradient packing gradient-selected experiment gradientless reactor in catalysis gradual (sudden) potential-energy surface graft copolymer graft copolymerization graft homopolymer graft macromolecule graft polymer grafting in catalysis grafting in polymer chemistry gram Gram stain granular carbon granulocyte granulosa graph-based method graphene graphene layer graphite graphite electrode graphite fibres graphite material graphite whiskers graphitic carbon graphitizable carbon graphitization graphitization heat treatment graphitized carbon gravimetric analysis gravimetric factor gravimetric method gravitational constant gravitational field-flow fractionation gray grazing incidence grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering analysis greater omentum green body green coke greenhouse effect in atmospheric chemistry grey matter Grignard reagents Grimm-type cathode grist grit in atmospheric chemistry groove binding in deoxyribonucleic acid ground level concentration in atmospheric chemistry ground level inversion in atmospheric chemistry ground state group group electronegativity group frequency group preconcentration in trace analysis group-transfer polymerization growth curve of activity growth factor growth hormone growth hormone releasing factor growth rate in biotechnology Grunwald–Winstein equation guard band gubernaculum guest Guinier plot gustiness in atmospheric chemistry hybrid material γ-cascade

H(CCO)NH Haber–Weiss reaction Hadamard transform spectrometer haem halato-telechelic polymer halatopolymer half life of a radionuclide half life \(t_{1/2}\)half thickness in radiochemistry half width at half maximum half-chair half-life \(T_{1/2}\) of a photochromic system half-life \(\tau_{1/2}\) of a transient entity half-peak potential half-value thickness half-wave potential half-width of a band halirenium ions halochromism haloforms halogen bond halohydrins halonium ions halophiles hamiltonian operator \(\hat{H}\)Hammett acidity function Hammett equation Hammond principle Hammond–Herkstroeter plot handedness Hansch analysis Hansch constant Hansch equation Hansch–Fujita π-constant Hantzsch–Widman name haploid hapten hapticity hapto hard acid hard amorphous carbon films hard bake hard base hard-segment phase domain hard-sphere collision cross section harmonic approximation harmonic constant harmonic frequency generation harmonic mean harpoon mechanism hartree Hartree energy hashing Haworth representation hazard haze horizon in atmospheric chemistry haze in atmospheric chemistry HBA solvent HBD solvent HBHA(CO)NH HCCH-COSY HCCH-TOCSY head-tail isomerism headspace headspace solid-phase microextraction health surveillance heart-cut separations heat capacity of activation \(\Delta ^{\ddagger}C_{p}^{\,\unicode{x26ac}}\)heat capacity \(C\)heat flux \(J_{q}\)heat \(q\),\(Q\)heavy atom effect heavy atom isotope effect heavy water hecto height equivalent to a theoretical plate (h.e.t.p.) in chromatography height equivalent to an effective theoretical plate in chromatography helicenes helicity heliochromism helion helium dead-space in colloid and surface chemistry helium ionization detector in gas chromatography helium–cadmium laser helium–neon laser helix helix residue in a polymer helix sense Helmholtz energy (function) \(A\)hemagglutination hemal hemangioma hematopoiesis hemes (heme derivatives) hemiacetal hemiacetals hemiaminals hemiketal hemiketals hemileptic hemimelia hemins hemivertebra hemochromes hemodialysis hemoglobins hemolytic disease of the newborn Henderson–Hasselbalch equation henry Henry's law Henry’s law constant Henry’s law solubility constant Henry’s law solubility constant (via b and p) defined via molality and partial pressure Henry’s law solubility constant (via c and p) defined via amount concentration and partial pressure Henry’s law solubility constant (via x and p) defined via liquid-phase amount fraction and partial pressure Henry’s law volatility constant Henry’s law volatility constant (via p and c) defined via partial pressure and amount concentration Henry’s law volatility constant (via p and w) Henry’s law volatility constant (via p and x) hepatic flexure hepatosplenomegaly Herkstroeter plot hermaphrodite hermaphroditism hernia herpes Hershberger bioassay hertz Herz compounds hetarenes hetaryl groups hetarynes heteroalkenes heteroarenes heteroaryl groups heteroarynes heterobimetallic complex heterochain polymer heteroconjugation heterocumulenes heterocyclic compounds heterocyclyl groups heterodetic cyclic peptide heterodisperse heteroexcimer heterogeneity in analytical chemistry heterogeneous catalysis heterogeneous catalysis coordination polymerization heterogeneous crystalline membrane electrodes heterogeneous crystalline membrane ion-selective electrode heterogeneous degradation heterogeneous diffusion rate constant in electrochemistry heterogeneous membrane electrode heterogeneous nucleation heterojunction heteroleptic heterolysis heterolytic bond-dissociation energy heterolytic dissociative adsorption heteronuclear decoupling heteronuclear multiple bond correlation NMR heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation over two bonds heteronuclear multiple-quantum correlation NMR heteronuclear multiple-quantum correlation with additional TOCSY transfer heteronuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy heteronuclear shift correlation NMR heteronuclear single quantum correlation heteronuclear single quantum correlation with additional TOCSY transfer heteronuclear single quantum multiple-bond correlation heteropolysaccharide heterotactic macromolecule heterotactic polymer heterotactic triads in polymers heterotopic heterotrophic (organisms) heterovalent hyperconjugation hexagonal graphite hexahedro- in inorganic nomenclature hexaprismo- in inorganic nomenclature Heyrovský–Ilkovič equation hiatal hernia hidden layer hidden return hierarchical clustering high resolution energy loss spectroscopy high-pass filter high-pressure graphitization high-pressure mercury lamp (arc) high-speed counter-current chromatography high-spin high-throughput screening higher-energy collision dissociation in proteomics higher-order transition highly oriented pyrolytic graphite highly oriented pyrolytic graphite electrode Hilbert transforms of a spectrum Hildebrand parameter hindered rotation hipping hippocampus Hirschsprung syndrome hirsutism histones HN(CA)CO HN(CO)CA HNCA HNCO Hofmann rule hold-back carrier hold-up time in chromatography hold-up volume \(V_{\text{M}}\),\(t_{\text{M}}\) in column chromatography hold-up volume in chromatography hole hole burning hole transfer hole-transporting material hollow fibre hollow-cathode discharge source hollow-cathode lamp hollow-fibre liquid-phase microextraction holoblastic cleavage holoenzyme holoprosencephaly Holtsmark broadening of a spectral line homeobox homeobox gene homeosis homo homoaromatic homochain polymer homochiral homoconjugation homocyclic compounds homodesmotic reaction homodetic cyclic peptide homogeneity in analytical chemistry homogeneous catalysis homogeneous catalysis coordination polymerization homogeneous crystalline membrane electrodes homogeneous crystalline membrane ion-selective electrode homogeneous degradation homogeneous line-broadening homogeneous membrane electrode homogeneous nucleation homogeneous nucleus homogeneous polymer blend homogeneous precipitation homojunction homoleptic homologous homologous polymer blend homologous recombination homolysis homolytic dissociative adsorption homomorphic homonuclear decoupling homopolymer homopolymerization homopolysaccharide homotopic honey bee larval toxicity test hopping transport horizontal elution in planar chromatography hormone Horwitz equation Horwitz ratio host in biotechnology host-vector system hot atom hot cell hot electron hot ground state reaction hot quartz lamp hot state reaction hot transition hour Hückel (4n + 2) rule Hückel molecular orbital (HMO) theory Huggins coefficient \(k_{\text{H}}\)Huggins equation Huisgen reaction hula-twist (HT) mechanism human chorionic somatomammotropin Human Genome Project humidity in atmospheric chemistry Hund rules Hush model HWHM (Half Width at Half Maximum) hybrid orbital hybrid polymer hybridization hybridization assay hybridoma hydatidiform mole hydranencephaly hydration hydrazide hydrazones hydrazide imides hydrazides hydrazidines hydrazines hydrazinylidenes hydrazo compounds hydrazones hydrazonic acids hydride hydro hydrocarbon cracking hydrocarbons hydrocarbyl groups hydrocarbylene groups hydrocarbylidene groups hydrocarbylidyne groups hydrocarbylsulfanyl nitrenes hydrocele hydrocephalus hydrocracking unit hydrodynamic chromatography hydrodynamic injection hydrodynamic voltammetry hydrodynamic volume in polymers hydrodynamically equivalent sphere in polymers hydrogel hydrogen hydrogen bond hydrogen bond in theoretical organic chemistry hydrogen gas electrode hydrolase hydrolases hydrolysis hydrolysis ratio \(r_{\text{w}}\)hydrometeor in atmospheric chemistry hydromicrocephaly hydron hydronation hydronephrosis hydroperoxides hydrophilic hydrophilic-interaction liquid chromatography hydrophilicity hydrophobic interaction hydrophobic-interaction chromatography hydrophobicity hydropolysulfides hydrops hydrosphere in atmospheric chemistry hydrosulfides hydroureter hydroxamic acids hydroximic acids hydroxylamines hygroma hygrometer hygrometry (moisture analysis) hymen hyoid arch hypaxial hyper-Raman spectroscopy hyperbranched macromolecule hyperbranched oligomer hyperbranched oligomer molecule hyperbranched polymer hyperchromic effect hyperconjugation hypercoordination hyperextension hyperfine (interaction) hyperfine coupling hyperflexion hyperlayer focusing field-flow fractionation hyperplasia hyperpolarizability (of nth order) hypersatellite in X-ray spectroscopy hyperspectral imaging hypertelorism hypertrophy hypervalency hypho- hypo-phase hypoblast hypochromic effect hypogonadism hypoplasia hypospadias hypothalamus hypoxia hypsochromic shift hysteresis η (eta or hapto) in inorganic nomenclature

J-modulated spin-echo J-resolved spectroscopy j-value in atmospheric chemistry Jablonski diagram jackknifing Jacquinot stop Jahn–Teller effect Jahn–Teller transition jejunum joule junction point junction unit junction-point density

Kamlet–Taft solvent parameters kappa shape descriptor Kaptein–Closs rules karyolysis karyorrhexis karyotype Kasha rule Kasha–Vavilov rule katal Kekulé structure (for aromatic compounds) kelvin \(\text{K}\)keratin keratinization kernel method ketals ketazines ketenes ketenimines ketides ketimines keto keto carbenes keto-enol tautomerization ketoacidosis ketoaldonic acids ketoaldoses ketone body ketones ketoses ketoximes ketyls kilo kilogram \(\pu{kg}\)kind-of-nominal-property kind-of-property kind-of-quantity kinematic factor kinematic viscosity \(\nu\)kinematics kinetic activity factor kinetic ambiguity kinetic control of product composition kinetic coupling kinetic current kinetic electrolyte effect kinetic energy \(E_{\text{k}}\)kinetic equivalence kinetic isotope effect kinetic method of analysis kinetic resolution kinetic synergist kinetic theory of collisions klado- Klinefelter syndrome Knight shift knockout mutation Kohonen network Koopmans' theorem Koppel–Palm solvent parameters Kosower Z-value Kováts index Krafft point Kramers–Kronig transforms of a spectrum Kratky plot KRS-5 krypton ion laser Kubelka–Munk function kyphosis κ (kappa) in inorganic nomenclature

ångström n → π* state n → π* transition n → σ* transition n-star macromolecule n-strand chain n-strand molecule N-terminal analysis N-terminal residue N-terminus n-σ* delocalization nano nanocomposite nanodevice nanodomain morphology nanoelectrode nanoelectromechanical systems nanoelectronics nanofiltration nanogel nanoimprint lithography nanolithography nanomaterial nanoparticle nanopattern nanophotonics nanoscopic film nanosphere lithography nanostructure nanotechnology naphthenes naphthenic acids Napierian absorbance narcissistic reaction nasal natality national examination standard natural atomic orbital natural bond orbital natural broadening of a spectral line natural graphite natural hybrid orbital natural isotopic abundance natural lifetime of an excited state natural lifetime natural linewidth natural orbital natural population analysis natural radiation natural radioactivity near edge X-ray absorption fine structure near-field scanning optical microscopy near-infrared radiation neat soap nebulization nebulizer necropsy necrosis needle coke needle trap negative adsorption negative feedback negative hyper-conjugation negative ion in mass spectrometry negative-ion yield negative-tone development negaton neighbouring group participation nematic phase nematic state neodymium laser neoflavans neoflavones neoflavonoids neoflavonoids neolignans neonate neoplasm neper nephelometry Nernst equation Nernst's diffusion layer net absorption cross-section net current net dephasing time net electric charge \(z\) of a particle net faradaic current net in surface chemistry net shaping network network defect network in polymer chemistry network polymer network-chain molar mass \(M_{\text{c}}\)neural neural arch neural crest neural plate neural tube neural tube defect neurobehavioral neuroblast neuroblastoma neuroectoderm neuroendocrine neuroendocrine system neurohypophysis neuron neuropore neurotrophin neurulation neutral-density filter neutralized gel neutrino neutron neutron activation analysis neutron density neutron depth profiling neutron diffraction analysis neutron energy neutron multiplication neutron number \(N\)neutron rest mass neutron scattering analysis neutron temperature neutrophilic organisms Newman projection newton Newton black film Newton diagram Newtonian fluid NHOMO NHOMO nido- Nier–Johnson geometry NIH shift Nikolsky–Eisenman equation nimbostratus cloud in atmospheric chemistry nipple nitramines nitrenes nitrenium ions nitrification nitrile imides nitrile imines nitrile oxides nitrile sulfides nitrile ylides nitriles nitrilimines nitrilium betaines nitrilium ions nitrimines nitro compounds nitrogen fixation nitrogen laser nitrogen mustards nitrogen ylides nitrolic acids nitrones nitronic acids nitrosamides nitrosamines nitrosimines nitroso compounds nitrosolic acids nitroxides nitroxyl radicals NMR exchange spectroscopy no carrier added no observed adverse effect level no-bond resonance no-load indication (for a precision balance) no-observed-effect-level nodal nodal plane node in artificial neural network noggin noise noise nominal indication nominal linear flow \(F\) in chromatography nominal mass nominal property nominal property value nominal property value coverage probability nominal property value coverage set nominal property value set nominal reference material nominal spectral resolution nominally labelled tracer non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis non-calorimetric thermophysical measurements non-certified property value non-coherent source non-covalent interactions in biomolecules non-crossing rule non-crystalline electrodes non-crystalline membrane non-destructive activation analysis non-diagram line non-dispersive infrared spectroscopies non-dissociative chemisorption non-draining non-equilibrium reaction non-graphitic carbon non-graphitizable carbon non-ideal chromatography non-ideal, linear chromatography non-ideal, non-linear chromatography non-isotopic labelling non-Kekulé molecules non-Kekulé structure non-linear chromatography non-linear distribution isotherm in chromatography non-linear iterative partial least squares non-linear optical effect non-linear optical polymer non-linear optical techniques non-linearity error in spectrochemical analysis non-localized adsorption non-metal-mediated atom-transfer radical polymerization non-polarized interphases non-porous membrane non-radiative decay non-radiative quenching non-specific adsorption non-specific binding in DNA-protein interactions non-specific emission or attenuation non-uniform corrosion non-uniform polymer non-uniform sampling non-vertical energy transfer nonadiabatic nonadiabatic coupling nonadiabatic electron transfer nonadiabatic photoreaction nonbonded interactions nonbonding molecular orbital nonclassical carbocation nonclassical structure nondisjunction nonlinear mapping nonselective detector nonselective quantum counter nonselectively labelled nor- noradrenaline normal normal coordinate normal coordinate analysis normal dispersion of the refractive index normal distribution normal incidence normal kinetic isotope effect normal mode of vibration normal plasma analytical zone in inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy normal pulse voltammetry normal region (for electron transfer) normal stress \(\sigma\)normal X-ray level normal-phase chromatography normalization normalized image log slope normalized tunnelling intensity Norrish Type I photoreaction Norrish Type II photoreaction Norrish–Yang reaction Northern blot notochord nth order phase transition nuclear atom nuclear capture nuclear chemistry nuclear decay nuclear disintegration nuclear electric quadrupole moment nuclear fission nuclear fuel nuclear fusion nuclear fusion reaction nuclear graphite nuclear isomers nuclear level nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum nuclear magneton nuclear Overhauser effect nuclear Overhauser effect difference spectroscopy nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy nuclear particle nuclear quadrupole moment (spectroscopic) nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy nuclear reaction cross section nuclear reactor nuclear receptor nuclear spindle nuclear stopping cross section nuclear transformation nuclear transition nuclear type I receptor nuclear type II receptor nuclearity nucleating agent nucleation and growth nucleation in colloid chemistry nucleation of phase separation in polymer chemistry nucleic acid aptamers nucleic acid–protein interaction nucleic acids nucleobase nucleobase lesion nucleofuge nucleon nucleon number nucleophile nucleophilic aromatic photosubstitution nucleophilic catalysis nucleophilic chain polymerization nucleophilic substitution nucleophilicity nucleoproteins nucleosides nucleotide bases nucleotide sequence nucleotides nucleus nuclide nuclide precursor nuclidic mass nuisance threshold in atmospheric chemistry nulligravida nulliparous number concentration \(C\),\(n\)number content \(\frac{N_{\text{B}}}{m}\)number density \(n\)number flow rate \(q_{\text{N}}\)number fraction number of entities \(N\)number of generations of a dendron number of generations of a regular dendrimer molecule number of moles number of pseudo-generations of a hyperbranched polymer number of theoretical plates number-distribution function numerical value of a quantity Nyquist criterion Nyquist frequency

O-polysaccharide object traceability observation frequency observation height \(h_{\text{obs}}\) in flame emission and absorption spectrometry observation pathlength \(l_{\text{obs}}\) in flame emission and absorption spectrometry observation space in flame emission and absorption spectrometry observation volume \(V_{\text{obs}}\) in flame emission and absorption spectrometry observed interface width observed rate coefficient occiput occlusion (molecular) occult blood occupied band octahedro- in inorganic nomenclature octanol-water partition ratio odd-electron ion optically detected magnetic resonance odontoblast odour threshold in atmospheric chemistry off peptide product ions off-gel isoelectric focusing off-specular X-ray reflectometry offspring ohm ohmic contact OLED olefins olfactory bulb oligo oligodactyly oligodontia oligomenomenorrhea oligomer oligomer molecule oligomeric oligomerization oligonucleotides oligopeptides oligosaccharides oligospermia omentum omphalocele omphalosite on-line extraction one-bond-flip one-class classification one-colour indicator one-generation reprotox study one-photon photochromism onion morphology onium compounds oocyte oogenesis oogonium open atomizer open circuit potential open dynamic system open film open hearth furnace in atmospheric chemistry open reading frame open static system open-shell systems open-tubular column in chromatography open-vessel acid digestion operational pH cell operational pH standard operator gene operon opposing reactions optic optical absorption depth optical activity optical antipodes optical constants optical density optical emission spectroscopy optical filter optical isomers optical multi-channel analyser optical null double beam spectrometer optical parametric amplification optical parametric oscillator optical path difference optical purity optical resolution optical rotation optical rotatory dispersion optical rotatory power optical spectroscopy optical throughput of a spectrometer optical yield optical-beam error in spectrochemical analysis optically active polymer optically labile optically nonlinear polymer optimisation of extraction optimization optoacoustic spectroscopy optoelectronics orbit in anatomy orbital (atomic or molecular) orbital energy orbital steering orbital symmetry order of reaction \(n\)order parameter order–disorder transition ordered co-continuous double gyroid morphology ordinary least squares regression ordinary wave organ of Corti organelles organic dye laser organic–inorganic polymer organically modified silica organically-modified ceramic organization organo- organobismuthane-mediated radical polymerization organocatalysis organogenesis organoheteryl groups organometallic compounds organometallic-mediated radical polymerization organostibane-mediated radical polymerization organotellurium-mediated radical polymerization organyl groups origin of replication orofacial cleft ortho acids ortho amides ortho esters ortho- and peri-fused (polycyclic compounds) ortho-fused (polycyclic compounds) orthogonal projections to latent structures orthokinetic aggregation in colloids osazones oscillating reaction oscillator strength \(f_{ij}\)osmolality \(m\)osmolarity osmotic coefficient \(\phi\)osmotic concentration \(c\)osmotic pressure \(\mathit{\Pi}\)osones osotriazoles osteoclast osteogenesis ostium Ostwald ripening otic otocephaly out-isomer out-of-control criteria out-of-plane bending coordinate in molecular geometry outer electric potential \(\psi\)outer Helmholtz plane outer-sphere electron transfer outer-sphere electron transfer ATRP outgassing of a catalyst output rate ovarian cycle ovarian follicle ovary overall activation energy overall efficiency of atomization overlap integral \(S_{\text{rs}}\)overpotential \(\eta\)overtone transition overtraining ovotestis ovulation ovum oxa-di-π-methane rearrangement oxenium ions oxidant in atmospheric chemistry oxidation oxidation number oxidation state oxidation–reduction (redox) titration oxidative addition oxidative coupling oxide network oxidized species oxidoreductases oxime O-ethers oximes oxo acids oxo carboxylic acids oxo compounds oxoacids oxocarbons oxonium ions oxonium ylides oxyacid oxygen-flask combustion in spectrochemical analysis oxylium ions oxytocin ozone hole ozonides σ-orbital

Q-switched laser q2 QSAR quadratic discriminant analysis quadratic mean \(\bar{x}_{q}\)quadrature detection in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy quadro- quadrupolar nuclide quadrupolar relaxation quadrupole ion storage trap quadrupole mass analyser quadrupole splitting in Mössbauer spectroscopy qualitative analysis qualitative elemental specificity in analysis quality quality assurance quality control quality control material quality factor in nuclear analytical chemistry quality improvement quality management quality management system quality manual quality objective quality of solvent in polymer chemistry quality plan quality planning quality policy quantitative analysis quantitative polymerase chain reaction quantitative structure–activity relationship in drug design quantitative structure–activity relationships quantitative structure–property relationship quantity quantity calculus quantity of dimension one quantized internal energy quantum cascade laser quantum confinement effect quantum counter quantum efficiency quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics quantum of radiation quantum tunneling polymer composite quantum well multilayer quantum yield \(\mathit{\Phi}\)quantum-mechanical tunnelling quarter-transition-time potential quartet state quartz atomizer quartz–iodine lamp quasi-axial quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) method quasi-enantiomers quasi-equatorial quasi-equilibrium quasi-molecular ion in mass spectrometry quasi-racemic compound quasi-reference electrode quasi-single-strand polymer quasiparticle quaternary ammonium compounds quaternary structure quaterpolymer QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) extraction quencher quenching in radiation detectors quenching quenching constant in photochemistry quenching correction in photochemistry quickening quinarenes quinhydrones quinomethanes quinomethides quinone diazides quinones quinonimines quinonoximes Quistor γ-quantum θ state in polymers

'true' rate constant t₁ in two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy t₁ noise in two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy t₂ in two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy T-jump tactic block in a polymer tactic block polymer tactic macromolecule tactic polymer tacticity Taft equation tagged tail bud tailing factor in chromatography tailing in chromatography take-it-or-leave-it data take-off angle tandem mass spectrometer tandem repeat sequence Tanimoto similarity Tanimoto similarity index target examination uncertainty target in biology target measurement uncertainty targeted lipidomics targeted proteomics tautomeric effect tautomerism tautomerization tautomers taxon Tay–Sachs disease tears tegmentum tele tele-substitution telechelic molecule telechelic polymer telencephalon tellurides tellurones telomer telomerase telomere telomerization telophase temperature temperature coefficient of responsivity temperature effect in luminescence spectroscopy temperature inversion in atmospheric chemistry temperature jump temperature lapse rate in atmospheric chemistry temperature-programmed chromatography template in biotechnology temporary poisoning in catalysis tera teratocarcinoma teratogen teratogenesis teratogenetics teratogenic index teratogenicity teratology teratoma term in X-ray spectroscopy term symbols term \(T\)terminal constitutional repeating unit termination terminator in biotechnology termolecular terpenes terpenoids terpolymer tertiary aerosol in an inductively-coupled plasma spectrometer tertiary current distribution tertiary structure tertiary structure of a protein tesla Tessier classification test portion test sample test set test solution in analysis testicular feminization testing testis testosterone tetracyclines tetrads tetrahedral intermediate tetrahedro- tetralogy of Fallot tetrapyrroles tetraterpenoids texture of a catalyst thalamus thalidomide theca theoretical ceramic yield theoretical plate number theoretical scattered-ion intensity thermal analysis thermal annealing in lithography thermal black thermal column in nuclear chemistry thermal conductance \(G\)thermal conductivity detector in gas chromatography thermal conductivity \(\lambda\)thermal curing thermal detector thermal diffusion depth thermal diffusivity thermal dispersion thermal extraction thermal field-flow fractionation thermal fission thermal injection thermal ionization in mass spectrometry thermal lensing thermal neutrons thermal resistance \(R\)thermal volatilization thermal wave decay coefficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence thermally-induced transition thermionic work function thermoacoustimetry thermochemical analysis thermochemical calorie thermochromism thermocouple thermodilatometry thermodynamic control of product composition thermodynamic energy thermodynamic equilibrium constant thermodynamic isotope effect thermodynamic quality of solvent in polymer chemistry thermodynamic temperature \(T\)thermodynamically equivalent sphere in polymer chemistry thermoelectrometry thermogram thermogravimetry thermoluminescence thermolysis thermomagnetometry thermomechanical measurement thermometric thermometric enthalpy titration thermometric titration thermoparticulate analysis thermophile thermophotometry thermopile thermoplastic elastomer thermoptometry thermoreversible gel thermoreversible junction point thermoreversible network thermosetting polymer thermosonimetry thermosphere thermotropic mesophase thiazynes thick film thickness of diffusion layer in electrochemistry thickness of electrical double layer thickness of reaction layer in electrochemistry thin film thin film format thin target thin-layer chromatography thin-layer headspace analysis thio thioacetals thioaldehyde S-oxides thioaldehydes thioanhydrides thiocarboxylic acids thiocyanates thioethers thiohemiacetals thioketone S-oxides thioketones thiolates thiols thionylamines third body thixotropic gel thixotropy thiyl radicals thoracic duct three-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy three-electrode cell threo threo structures threshold energy \(E_{0}\)threshold limit value thrombocytopenia through-bond electron transfer through-conjugation through-space electron transfer throughput rate throwing power thymus thyroglossal duct thyroid gland thyroid stimulating hormone TICT emission TICT state tie molecule in polymers tight ion pair time constant \(\tau_{\text{c}}\) of a detector time domain time domain nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy time of centrifugation \(t\) of centrifugation time of deactivation in heterogeneous catalysis time of solidification, of thixotropic recovery time-correlated single photon counting time-dependent density functional theory time-dependent stoichiometry time-independent stoichiometry time-of-flight mass spectrometer time-resolved anisotropy \(r(t)\)time-resolved fluorometry time-resolved laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy time-resolved microwave conductivity time-resolved spectroscopy time-weighted average sampling time \(t\)tip enhanced raman spectroscopy tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy tissue titrand titrant titration titration curve titration error titre titrimetric analysis tolerance tolerance interval tolerance limit tonne tonsil top-down patterning top-down proteomics top-surface imaging topcoat topical effect topochemical reaction topographic contrast topological index topological polar surface area topomerization topomers topotactic reaction topotactic transition torque \(T\)torquoselectivity torr torsion angle torsional braid analysis torsional stereoisomers torsional strain total absorption peak total chemiflux total consumption time \(t_{\text{tot}}\) in flame emission and absorption spectrometry total correlation spectroscopy total internal reflection total ion current total ion yield total mobile phase volume in size-exclusion chromatography total quality management total radiant power total reflection of X-rays total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy total retention time in chromatography total retention volume \(V_{\text{R}}\),\(t_{\text{R}}\) in column chromatography total sample consumption system total secondary-electron yield total suppression of spinning sidebands total velocity of the analyte \(\nu_{\text{tot}}\) in capillary electrophoresis totally porous packing in chromatography Tougaard background toxicity toxicodynamics toxicokinetics toxicology toxin toxinology toxoplasmosis trace element traceability tracer trachea track (nuclear) track detector (nuclear) trajectory in reaction dynamics trans trans conformation trans- in inorganic nomenclature trans-fused transannular strain transcription factor transcription in biotechnology transducer transduction in biotechnology transfer transfer activity coefficient \(\mathit{\gamma}_{\text{t}}\)transfer examination device transfer in analysis transfer line transfer RNA transferability transferases transflectance transflection transformation transformation in gene technology transformation probability transgenic transient (chemical) species transient crosslink transient junction point transient network transient phase (induction period) transient spectroscopy transient-stimulated emission pumping transit time \(t_{\text{ts}}\) in flame emission and absorption spectrometry transition transition (dipole) moment transition coordinate transition element transition interval in titrimetric analysis transition layer transition polarization transition potential of a redox indicator transition probability for absorption transition probability for spontaneous emission transition probability for stimulated emission transition species transition state transition state analogue transition state theory transition structure transition temperature (for liquid crystals) transition time in electroanalytical chemistry transition wavenumber \(\tilde{\nu }\)transition-metal-mediated radical polymerization translation in biotechnology translational spectroscopy transmission transmission coefficient transmission electron energy loss spectroscopy transmission electron microscopy transmission factor transmission high energy electron diffraction transmission in mass spectrometry transmission Raman spectroscopy transmission spectrum transmittance \(T\),\(\tau\)transoid conformation transplacental carcinogen transport control transport efficiency of a sample transport in analysis transport interference in flame spectroscopy transport number \(t\)transposition of the great arteries transposon transtactic polymer transverse relaxation optimized spectroscopy trapping travel time \(t_{\text{tv}}\) in flame emission and absorption spectrometry travelling examination standard Treacher Collins syndrome treated solution in analytical chemistry triads triangulo- triazanes triazenes triboluminescence trilaminar embryo trimester trimethylenemethanes trioxides triple point triple screen triple-resonance nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy triplet state triplet-triplet absorption triplet-triplet annihilation triplet-triplet energy transfer triplet-triplet transitions triploidy triprismo- trisomy trisomy 13 trisomy 18 trisomy 21 trisomy 8 tritactic polymer triterpenoids tritide tritio tritium triton trivial energy transfer trivial name tRNA Troe expression trophectoderm trophoblast tropilidenes tropolones tropones tropopause troposphere tropyl radicals tropylium ions true coincidence in radiochemistry true negative true nominal property value true positive true value \(\tau\) in analysis truncus arteriosus trypsin in proteomics tub conformation tuberoinfundibular pathway tubular fertility index Tucker tri-linear analysis tumor tunable laser in spectrochemical analysis Tunel test Tung distribution of a macromolecular assembly tungsten-halogen lamp tunica albuginea tunica vaginalis tunnelling turbidimetric titration turbidity \(\tau\) in light scattering turner syndrome turnover frequency in catalysis turnstile rotation turntable reactor Tversky similarity twist form twisted intramolecular charge transfer two hybrid system two-colour indicator two-dimensional chromatography two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy two-dimensional correlation spectrum two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in proteomics two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy two-generation reprotox study two-phase aqueous partition two-photon excitation two-photon photochromism two-photon process two-site immunoradiometric assay tympanic type-J coil planet centrifuge type-J synchronous planetary motion θ temperature in polymers λ-transition

u ulosonic acids ultimate capacity in solvent extraction ultra-shallow depth profile ultrafiltrate ultrafiltration ultramicroelectrode ultrasonic detector in gas chromatography ultrasonic nebulizers ultrasonography ultrasound ultrasound-assisted extraction ultraviolet umbilical artery umbilical cord umbilical hernia umbilical vein umpire sample umpolung unactivated adsorption process uncertainty of measurement underdetermined system underfitting of a calibration model undersampling undescended testis uniaxial pressing uniaxial sample unified atomic mass unit uniform corrosion uniform polymer uniformly labelled uniformly labelled tracer unimer unimolecular unit in analytical chemistry unit cell unit of measurement unit system unitary quantity universal calibration in chromatography universal detector in chromatography universal indicator unperturbed dimensions in polymers unreactive unresolved peak unsaturation index unstable unstable film unstable ion in mass spectrometry unsupervised classification unsymmetrical films unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean unzipping upconversion upfield uphill transport in membrane processes upper critical solution temperature upper limit of measurement in atmospheric trace component analysis upstream in membrane processes uptake ureides urethanes urethra urine urogenital urogenital sinus uronic acids uronium salts useful ion yield useful spatial resolution in secondary-ion mass spectrometry useful spectral range uterine crypt uterine cycle uterotrophic uterotrophic assay uterus UV dose UV photochemical digestion UV photoelectron spectroscopy UV stabilizer uvula

vaccine vacuum level vacuum level at infinity vacuum level referencing vacuum phototube vacuum system in mass spectrometry vagina vaginal cornification vaginal patency vaginal smear valence valence band valence bond theory valence isomer valence tautomerization valence transition valence-band spectrum validation validation set value of a division of a precision balance scale value of a quantity van der Waals adsorption van der Waals broadening van der Waals forces vapor deposition vaporization temperature \(T_{\text{vap}}\) in electrothermal atomization vapour phase interference in analysis variable pathlength cell in spectrochemical analysis variable \(x\)variance scaling variance \(V\),\(\sigma ^{2}\)variational transition state theory variegated star macromolecule vas deferens vasculogenesis vasectomy vasopressin Vavilov rule vector vector scan velocity in mass transport velocity \(v\),\(c\)velopharyngeal insufficiency vena cava ventral ventricular septal defect ventricular septum verdazyl radicals verification vertebra vertebrate vertical ionization vertical transition Verwey transition vesicle vestigial viability vibrational circular dichroism vibrational eigenvector vibrational kinetic energy vibrational potential energy vibrational redistribution vibrational relaxation vibrational spectroscopy vibrational term value vibrational term \(G\)vibrationally adiabatic transition-state theory vibronic coupling vibronic transition vidicon villus vimentin vinyl carbenes vinylic cations vinylic groups vinylidenes viologens virial coefficients virilization virtual reaction virtual screening virtual transition viscera viscosity viscosity function \(\mathit{\Phi}\)viscosity number viscosity ratio viscous sintering visibility in atmospheric chemistry visible vitellogenin Voigt function volatilization volatilizer volt Volta potential difference voltage in electroanalysis voltammetric constant voltammetry voltammogram volume content \(V_{\text{c}}/m_{\text{s}}\)volume flow rate \(q_{\text{v}}\)volume fraction \(\phi\)volume of activation \(\Delta ^{\ddagger}V\)volume of the stationary phase in chromatography volume rate volume reaction volume reflection volume strain \(\theta\)volume viscosity volume yield volumetric flowrate in gas chromatography volumetric titration volumic von Weimarn ratio vulcanization vulva VUV ρ-value

Wagner number Walden inversion wall atomization in electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy wall-coated open-tubular (WCOT) column in chromatography wall-jet electrode Ward’s minimum variance method wash out in atmospheric chemistry wash out time watt wave height (electrochemical) wave vector in X-ray reflectrometry wavefunction \(\Psi \),\(\psi\),\(\varphi\)wavelength converter wavelength dispersion in X-ray emission spectroscopy wavelength error in X-ray emission spectroscopy wavelength in medium wavelength in vacuum wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis wavelength \(\lambda\)wavenumber in medium wavenumber in vacuum wavenumber \(\sigma\),\(\tilde{\nu }\)weak collision wean weathering web in anatomy weber wedge projection weight-distribution function weight \(G\)weighted least squares regression weighted mean Weller correlation Westcott cross-section Western blot wet bulb temperature wet etching wetting wetting tension Wharton’s jelly Wheland intermediate white matter whole embryo culture wideband, alternating-phase, low-power technique for residual splitting Wiegner effect Wigner matrices Wigner rule wild type Williams syndrome Wilzbach labelling wind rose Wittig reagents Wnt wolfram lamp Wood horn Wood lamp Woodward–Hoffmann rules work function work hardening work of adhesion work of cohesion per unit area work of immersional wetting per unit area work of separation work softening work \(w\),\(W\)workflow working electrode working examination standard working interval working potential range working range of a spectrometer worm-like chain in polymers wrap-around in comprehensive chromatography

X chromosome x unit X-linked X-radiation X-ray absorption analysis X-ray absorption edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy X-ray absorption near edge structure X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy X-ray analysis X-ray computed micro-tomography X-ray diffraction analysis X-ray emission spectrum X-ray escape peak X-ray fluorescence X-ray fluorescence analysis X-ray fluorescence microscopy X-ray intensity X-ray jump ratio X-ray level X-ray linewidth X-ray lithography X-ray monochromator X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy X-ray reflectometry X-ray resist X-ray satellite X-ray spectroscopy X-ray standing waves xanthates xanthene dyes xanthic acids xanthophylls xenobiotic xenon lamp xerogel XPS xylylenes ξ- (xi-)

Y chromosome YAG Yang photocyclization yard year yeast artificial chromosome yield \(Y\) in biotechnology yield stress ylides ynamines ynols yocto yolk yolk sac yolk stalk yotta Youden plot Young's modulus Yukawa–Tsuno equation

Z Z-value of a photochromic system Zaitsev rule Zeeman effect Zeeman levels zepto zero differential overlap (ZDO) approximation zero field splitting zero filling zero path difference zero point of a glass electrode zero point of scale of a balance zero-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy zero-point energy zero–zero (0–0) absorption or emission zeta zetta zig-zag projection Zimm plot zinc finger zona pellucida zone in chromatography zone melting method of preconcentration zone pH in counter-current chromatography Zucker–Hammett hypothesis zwitterionic compounds/zwitterions zwitterionic polymer zygosis zygote zygote intrafallopian transfer ζ-potential

Alphabetical Index

Additional Indexes

Version 5.0.0 (10016 Terms)

Gold Book Terms