Terms

Gold Book

Resources
- About
- History
- FAQ
- Gold Book API
- Software

Alphabetical Index

Additional Indexes

Physical Constants Units of Measurement Physical Quantities SI Prefixes Ring Index General Formulae Exact Formulae Source Documents Terms by IUPAC Division Terms by Organization

Version 5.0.0 (14588 Terms)

DOI: 10.1351/goldbook

Jan Kaiser - Content Editor
Stuart J. Chalk - Technical Editor
Joint Subcommittee
on the IUPAC Gold Book

Gold Book Terms

¹³C-HMQC-NOESY ¹³C-NOESY-HSQC ¹⁵N-NOESY-HSQC ¹⁵N-TOCSY-HSQC 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 180° pulse 1D property descriptor 1D structure

2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)propanoic acid receptor 2-photon lithography 2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propan-1-ol 2D property 2D quantitative structure-activity relationships 2D structure

3D lithography 3D property 3D searching 3D structure 3D structure generation

4D quantitative structure-activity relationships

5-hydroxytryptamine 5α-reductase 5α-reductase deficiency

90° pulse

'A' value (z + 1)-average molar mass A-factor ab initio calculations ab initio quantum mechanical methods abeo-ac aci-nitro compounds amboantiprismo-ap arachno-asym-a-ion A/D ratio ab initio emulsion polymerisation abatement in atmospheric chemistry abdominal cavity abiological abiotic abiotic degradation abiotic transformation ABL oncogene ablation by sputtering ablation efficiency in LIBS ablation rate ablation threshold fluence in LIBS ablepharia ABO blood group system abortifacient abortion absolute activation analysis absolute activity absolute bioavailability absolute configuration absolute counting in radioanalytical chemistry absolute counting efficiency absolute electrode potential absolute elemental sensitivity factor absolute full energy peak efficiency absolute lethal concentration absolute lethal dose absolute photopeak efficiency absolute preconcentration in trace analysis absolute quantitation of proteins absorbance absorbance assay absorbance matching in spectrochemical analysis absorbate absorbed dose of a substance absorbed dose of radiation absorbed electron coefficient in in situ microanalysis absorbed electrons in in situ microanalysis absorbed local spectral photon flux density absorbed local spectral radiance absorbed photon flux density absorbed radiant density absorbed radiant power density absorbent absorber absorptance absorption absorption coefficient absorption coefficient in biology absorption cross-section absorption factor absorption index absorption intensity absorption length in X-ray reflectrometry absorption line absorption pathlength of a sample cell absorption spectrum absorptivity abstraction abstraction process in catalysis abundance abundance sensitivity in mass spectrometry abundant element abuse of substances abzyme AC voltammetry acaricide accelerating potential accelerating voltage scan in mass spectrometry acceleration acceleration energy in in situ microanalysis acceleration of free fall accelerator in solvent extraction accelerator mass spectrometry acceptable daily intake acceptable residue level of an antibiotic acceptable risk acceptance interval acceptance limit accepted risk acceptor number acceptor phase accessible accessory cell accessory molecule accessory rib accessory sex gland accessory sex organ accessory thyroid tissue accidental degeneracy accidental exposure acclimation acclimatisation in biology accommodation coefficient accreditation of a laboratory accretion in atmospheric chemistry accumulation in stripping voltammetry accumulation layer accuracy of a measuring instrument accuracy of measurement accurate mass accurate mass tag acenes acetals acetogenins acetonides acetylcholine acetylcholine receptor acetylcholinesterase acetylene black acetylenes acetylides Acheson graphite achiral achirotopic achondroplasia acid acid anhydrides acid deposition in atmospheric chemistry acid digestion acid dissociation constant acid precipitation acid rain in atmospheric chemistry acid thioanhydrides acid transient effects in ICP spectrometry acid-labile sulfur acid-volatile sulfide acid–base indicator acid–base titration acidimetric titration acidity acidity constant acidity function acidosis acinus acoustic meatus acoustic neuroma acoustic startle response test acquired immunity acquired immunodeficiency syndrome acquired myasthenia gravis acquisition time acrania acrocentric centromere acrocephaly acromegaly acroparesthesia acrosome acrosome reaction acrylic polymer actinic actinic flux actinism actinometer action level action potential action spectrum activated adsorption process activated carbon activated charcoal activated complex activated monomer activated nucleotide sugar activated state activated-monomer polymerization activation in chemical kinetics activation in electrochemical corrosion activation in radiochemistry activation analysis activation cross-section activation energy activation reaction activation-induced cell death activator active in biomolecular screening active avoidance test active centre active immunization active ingredient active medium active metabolite active metal in electrochemical corrosion active sampling active site in heterogeneous catalysis active solid active species active state in electrochemical corrosion active state of a surface photoadsorption centre active state of a surface photocatalytic center active systemic anaphylaxis test active transport in biology active transport of drugs activin activity activity of a radioactive material activity in thermodynamics activity coefficient activity coefficient at infinite dilution activity distribution activity growth curve actuator acute acute effect acute exposure acute lymphoblastic leukemia acute myelogenous leukemia acute rejection acute respiratory distress syndrome acute toxicity acute toxicity test acute-phase protein acute-phase response acute-to-chronic toxicity ratio acyclic diene metathesis polymerisation acyclicity acyl anions acyl carbenes acyl cations acyl groups acyl halides acyl radicals acyl shift in photochemistry acyl species acylals acylium ions acyloins acyloxyl radicals ad-micelle adactyly adaptation adaptive immune response adaptive immune system added hydrogen added risk addend addiction Addison disease addition addition reaction addition-fragmentation chain transfer additional gases in flame atomic spectroscopy additive additive effect additive index additive matrix effect additive name additivity of mass spectra additivity principle addressin adduct adduct ion in mass spectrometry adenocarcinoma adenoma adenosine deaminase deficiency adenosine receptor adenylate energy charge adermia adhesion adhesion factor adhesion molecule adhesion promoter adhesional wetting adiabatic adiabatic electron transfer adiabatic ionization in mass spectrometry adiabatic lapse rate in atmospheric chemistry adiabatic photoreaction adiabatic pulse adiabatic transition-state theory adiabatic treatments of reaction rates aditus adjacent re-entry model in polymer crystals adjusted retention time adjusted retention volume adjuvant adjuvant arthritis ADMET administration of a substance administration of drugs ocular route administration of drugs oral route administration of drugs parenteral route administration of drugs rectal route administration of drugs respiratory route administration of drugs topical route administration of drugs transdermal route administration of drugs vaginal route ADMR adolescence adoptive transfer adrenal 4 binding protein adrenal gland adrenalin adrenaline adrenergic adrenocortocotropic hormone adsorbate adsorbent adsorber adsorption adsorption capacity adsorption chromatography adsorption complex adsorption current adsorption factor adsorption hysteresis adsorption indicator adsorption isobar adsorption isostere adsorption isotherm in chromatography adsorptive adsorptive stripping voltammetry adult adulthood advancement advection in atmospheric chemistry adventitious carbon referencing adverse drug reaction adverse effect adverse event adverse immunostimulation aeration in atmospheric chemistry aerial image aeroallergen aerobe aerobic aerobic biodegradation aerobic conditions aerodynamic diameter of a particle aerogel aerometer in atmospheric chemistry aerometric measurement in atmospheric chemistry aerosol aerosol hydrolysis aerosol transport phenomena in ICP spectrometry afferent affine chain behaviour affinity in immunology affinity chromatography affinity maturation affinity of reaction after mass analysis in mass spectrometry after-effect of a poison age class age composition age distribution age sensitivity age-specific birth rate age-specific death rate ageing of precipitate of precipitate agenesis agglomerate in polymer science agglomerate in catalysis agglomeration except in polymer science agglomeration in polymer science agglutination agglutination inhibition aggregate in catalysis aggregation except in polymer science aggregation aggregation chimera aggregation error aging of a polymer aglycon agnathia agnosia agonist agostic agostic interaction agranular carbon agranulocytosis air contaminant in atmospheric chemistry air mass in atmospheric chemistry air monitoring station in atmospheric chemistry air pollutant air pollution air pollution control system air pollution index air pollution survey in atmospheric chemistry air pollution tolerance index in plant ecotoxicology air quality characteristic in atmospheric chemistry air resource management in atmospheric chemistry air sampling network in atmospheric chemistry air-lift bioreactor Aitken particles alar plate albedo albinism albumin albuminuria alcogel alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disabilities alcoholates alcohols alcoholysis aldaric acids aldazines aldehydes aldimines alditols aldoketoses aldonic acids aldoses aldoximes alert levels in atmospheric chemistry alga algal bloom algicide algistatic algorithm alias structure aliased effects alicyclic compounds aligned incidence spectrum aliphatic compounds aliquot in analytical chemistry alkalimetric titration alkaline degradation in lipidomics alkalinity alkaloids alkalosis alkanes alkanium ions alkene photocycloaddition alkene photodimerization alkene photoisomerization alkene photorearrangement alkenes alkoxides alkoxyamines alkyl cation alkyl groups alkyl radicals alkylating agent alkylenes alkylidene groups alkylideneamino carbenes alkylideneaminoxyl radicals alkylideneaminyl radicals alkylidenes alkylidynes alkynes all-glass heated inlet system all-solid-state ion-selective electrode allantoic stalk allantois allele allelic exclusion allenes allergen allergic allergic conjunctivitis allergic rhinitis allergy allo- in amino-acid nomenclature alloantibody alloantigen allogeneic allogenic succession allograft allometric allometric growth allometric scaling allometry in biology allomone alloreactivity allosteric antagonist allosteric enzymes allosteric site allostery allotriomorphic transition allotropes allotropic transition allotype allyl cation allylic groups allylic intermediates allylic substitution reaction alopecia alpha relaxation alpha relaxation peak alpha-fetoprotein alpha-helix alpha-synuclein altered layer alternancy symmetry alternant alternating copolymer alternating copolymerization alternating current alternating least squares regression alternating voltage alternative pathway of complement activation alternative splicing altocumulus cloud in atmospheric chemistry altostratus cloud in atmospheric chemistry alveolar macrophage alveolar period alveolitis alveolus Alzheimer disease AM 0 sunlight AM 1 sunlight amalgam lamp amastia ambident ambient ambient air in atmospheric chemistry ambient air quality in atmospheric chemistry ambient ionization ambient mass spectrometry ambient monitoring ambiphilic ambisexual amelia ameloblast amelogenesis imperfecta amenorrhea Ames/salmonella test amic acids amide hydrazones amide oximes amides amidines amidium ions amidrazones aminals amine imides amine imines amine oxides amine ylides amines aminimides aminium ions aminiumyl radical ions amino polymer amino radicals amino sugars amino-acid residue in a polypeptide aminonitrenes aminooxyl radicals aminoxides aminoxyl radicals aminoxyl-mediated radical polymerization aminyl oxides aminyl radicals aminylenes aminylium ions ammonium compounds ammonium imines ammonium ylides ammoniumyl radical ions amnesia amnesic shellfish poisoning amniocentesis amniochorionic membrane amnion amniote amniotic cavity amniotic fluid amniotic sac amorphous carbon amorphous domain amorphous material transmitting infrared radiation amorphous polymer amorphous state amount concentration amount fraction amount of substance amount-of-substance concentration amount-of-substance fraction ampere amperometric detection method in electrochemical analysis amperometry amphibian metamorphosis assay amphipathic amphiphile amphiphilic amphiprotic solvent ampholytes ampholytic polymer amphoteric amplification of deoxyribonucleic acid amplification reaction amplitude modulation amplitude of alternating current amplitude of alternating voltage ampulla amygdala amyloid amyloid plaque amyotrophic lateral sclerosis anabolism anadromous anadromy anaerobe anaerobic anaerobic biodegradation anaesthetic anal canal anal membrane analgesic analogue analogue metabolism analogue to digital converter (pulse)analogue-based drug discovery analyser blanking in secondary-ion mass spectrometry analysis area of sample analysis area of spectrometer analysis plan in ecological risk assessment analyte analyte transport rate in ICP spectrometry analytic study in epidemiology analytical chemistry analytical function analytical instrument analytical intercomparison analytical method in determination of solubility analytical portion analytical pyrolysis analytical quality control analytical radiochemistry analytical run analytical sample analytical selectivity analytical solution analytical solution calorimetry analytical unit anamnestic anamniote anaphase anaphase lag anaphrodisiac anaphylactic shock anaphylactoid anaphylatoxin anaphylaxis anaplasia anasarca anastomosis anation anchimeric assistance anchoring villus androblastoma androgen androgen receptor androgenic androstenedione anemia anencephalus anencephaly anergy aneroid barometer anesthetic anestrus aneugen aneuploid aneuploidy aneurysm Anger camera angioblast angioedema angiogenesis angiography angiotensin converting enzyme angle angle lapping angle of emission angle of incidence of electromagnetic radiation angle of observation angle of optical rotation angle of repose angle resolved mass spectrometry angle strain angular distribution angular frequency angular momentum angular overlap model anhydrides anhydro bases anilides anils anion anion exchange anion exchanger anion radical anion-activated-monomer polymerization anion-exchange polymer anionic group-transfer polymerization anionic polymer anionic polymerization anionic ring-opening polymerization anionized molecule anionotropic rearrangement anisometric anisotropic anisotropic Raman scattering anisotropy ankyloglossia ankylosing spondylitis annealing in polymer science annelation annihilation in photochemistry annulation annulenes annulenylidenes annulus of intervertebral disc anode anodic stripping voltammetry anodic transfer coefficient anodontia anogenital distance anomalous dispersion of the refractive index anomalous liquid junction potential anomalously polarized Raman band anomeric effect anomeric hydroxy group anomers anonychia anophthalmia anorchism anorectal anorexia anorexia nervosa anosmia anotia anovulation anoxia ansa compounds antagonism antagonist antarafacial antemortem antepartum anthelmintic anthocyanidins anthocyanins anthracosis anthropogenic anti anti-Compton γ-ray spectrometer anti-DNA antibody anti-erythrocyte antibody anti-Hammond effect anti-idiotypic antibody anti-isotypic antibody anti-Markownikoff addition anti-Müllerian hormone anti-reflective coating anti-sheep red blood cell IgM response assay anti-Stokes Raman scattering anti-Stokes shift anti-Stokes type radiation anti-thixotropy antiaromatic compounds antiaromaticity antibiotic antibody antibody therapy antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity antibody-forming cell assay antibonding molecular orbital anticholinergic anticircular elution in planar chromatography anticlinal anticlined stems anticlined structures in polymers anticoagulant anticodon anticonvulsant anticyclone in atmospheric chemistry antidepressant antidirectional packing antidote antiemetic antiferroelectric transition antiferromagnetic transition antigen antigen presentation antigen processing antigen receptor antigen recognition antigen-presenting cell antigen-presenting groove antigenic antigenic determinant antigenicity antihelminth antihistamine antimetabolite antimitochondrial antibody antimitotic antimony–xenon lamp antimuscarinic antimycotic antineuralgic antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody associated vasculitis antinicotinic antinociception antinuclear antibody antiparticle antiperiplanar antiphospholipid syndrome antipodes antipsychotic antipyretic antiresistant antiserum antisoliton antispasmodic antisymmetry in population biology antisymmetry principle antitoxin antrum anus anxiolytic aorta aorta-gonad-mesonephros region aortic arch aortopulmonary septum apex apex current apex potential aphakia aphasia aphicide aphid aphonia aphrodisiac apical apicophilicity aplasia aplastic anemia apneusis apo- in carotenoid nomenclature apodization apodization function apoenzyme apoprotein apoptosis apparent in quantities apparent lifetime apparent molar mass apparent monomer apparent rate constant of polymerisation apparent viscosity of a liquid appearance energy appearance potential appearance temperature in electrothermal atomization appendicular skeleton appendix in anatomy appertisation applicability domain applied potential apraxia aprotic solvent aquagel aquamolality aquation arachnodactyly arachnoid membrane arachnoid villus arachnoiditis arboricide arborization Archibald's method arcsine square root transformation area of an electrode-solution interface area of interface area source area under the curve area under the moment curve area viscosity area-related parameters areic areic dose areic dose rate areic surface energy arene epoxides arene oxides arenes arenium ions arenols arenonium ions areola argon ion laser argyria arithmetic mean Arnold–Chiari malformation aromatase aromatic aromatic photocycloaddition aromatic substitution photochemical electrophile-olefin combination aromatic substitution photochemical radical-olefin combination aromaticity array detector in spectroscopy arrester in atmospheric chemistry Arrhenius A factor Arrhenius energy of activation Arrhenius equation arrhythmia arsanes arsanylidenes arsanylium ions arseniasis arsenides arsine oxides arsines arsinic acids arsinidenes arsinous acids arsonic acids arsonium compounds arsonous acids arsoranes arteriogenesis arteriolovenular anastomosis arteriosclerosis arteriovenous arteriovenous anastomosis arteriovenous fistula arteriovenous malformation arteriovenous shunt arthralgia arthritis arthropathy arthrosis Arthus reaction artifact artifact artificial artificial graphite artificial insemination artificial latex artificial neural networks artificial organ artificial photosynthesis artificial polymer artificial radioactivity artificial soil test artisol test aryl cations aryl groups aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase aryl hydrocarbon receptor aryl hydrocarbon receptor nucleotide translocator protein arylene groups aryne as low as reasonably achievable asbestosis ascaricide ascending elution in planar chromatography ash in atmospheric chemistry ashing in analysis aspect ratio in lithography asphyxia asphyxiant aspirator assay assay kit assay validation assemblage assessment endpoint in ecological risk assessment assessor assigned value assimilation association Association Française de Normalisation test association reaction in mass spectrometry associative avoidance test associative desorption associative ionization in mass spectrometry associative learning associative surface reaction asthenia asthma astringent astrocyte astrocytic scar astrocytoma astrogliosis asymmetric asymmetric carbon atom asymmetric centre asymmetric destruction asymmetric enantiomer-differentiating polymerization asymmetric film asymmetric induction asymmetric membrane asymmetric photochemistry asymmetric polymerization asymmetric synthesis asymmetric top asymmetric transformation asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation asymmetry asymmetry factor in chromatography asymmetry parameter asymmetry potential of a glass electrode asymptotic threshold concentration at-line extraction atactic macromolecule atactic polymer ataxia ataxia telangiectasia atelectasis athelia atherosclerosis athetosis athymia atmosphere atmosphere of the earth atmospheric deposition atmospheric pressure chemical ionization atmospheric pressure ionization in mass spectrometry atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization atmospheric pressure photoionization atom atom-atom polarizability atom-bond polarizability atom-transfer radical polymerization atom–molecule complex mechanism atomic absorption spectroscopy atomic charge atomic emission spectroscopy atomic excitation source atomic fluorescence atomic fluorescence spectroscopy atomic force microscopy atomic laser atomic mass atomic mass constant atomic mass unit atomic mixing atomic number atomic orbital atomic polar tensor atomic ring-sector atomic spectral lines atomic spectroscopy atomic symbol atomic units atomic vapour atomic weight atomization in analytical flame spectroscopy atomization curve in electrothermal AAS atomization surface temperature in electrothermal atomization atomize atomizer in analytical flame spectroscopy atony atopic allergy atopic dermatitis atopic eczema atopy ATP binding cassette protein atresia atrial-septal defect atrichia congenita atrioventricular atrium atrophy atropisomers attachment attention deficit hyperactivity disorder attenuance attenuance filter attenuated total reflection attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy attenuated total reflection spectroscopy attenuated vaccine attenuation attenuation in genetics attenuation coefficient atto attractant attractive potential-energy surface attractive–mixed–repulsive classification attributable risk attrition rate atypical interstitial pneumonia audit auditory tube aufbau principle aufwuchs Auger effect Auger electron Auger electron spectroscopy Auger electron spectrum Auger electron yield Auger neutralization Auger parameter Auger photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy Auger spectroscopy Auger vacancy satellite Auger yield aura auricle aurones autacoid autism auto-acceleration auto-ionization in mass spectrometry autoantibody autoantigen autocatalytic reaction autochthonous autocorrelation autocorrelation vector autocrine autodetachment autogenic succession autograft autoimmune autoimmune bullous skin disease autoimmune disease autoimmune gastritis autoimmune hemolytic anemia autoimmune hepatitis autoimmune infertility autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome autoimmune myositis autoimmune nephritis autoimmune neuropathy autoimmune peripheral neuropathy autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 or 2 autoimmune polyendocrinopathy autoimmune regulator autoimmune thyroiditis autoimmunity autoinduction autoinflammatory disease autologous autologous antibody automated device automated extraction automatic extraction automation in analysis automerization autonomic dysreflexia autonomic nervous system autophagosome autophagy autophobicity autopoisoning in catalysis autoprotolysis autoprotolysis constant autopsy autoradiograph autoradiolysis autoreactivity autoregression autoscaling autosite autosomal dominant mutation autosomal recessive mutation autosome autotroph autotrophic succession autoxidation autoxidation in food chemistry auxiliary electrode auxiliary gas auxochrome auxotroph auxotrophy avalanche photodiode avascularity average beam current average current density average degree of polymerization average life in nuclear chemistry average mass average matrix relative sensitivity factor in electron spectroscopy average number of radicals per particle average rate of flow in polarography avicide avidity Avogadro constant avoidance test avoided crossing of potential-energy surfaces Avrami equation axenic culture axial axial advancement per constitutional repeating unit axial chirality axial ejection axial skeleton axial viewing mode axialite in polymer crystals axialization axis of chirality axis of helicity axon axonal degeneration axonal transport axonopathy aza-di-π-methane rearrangement azacarbenes azamines azanes azenes azeotropic copolymerisation azeotropic point azides azimines azines azinic acids azlactones azo compounds azo imides azo ylides azomethine imides azomethine oxides azomethine ylides azomethines azonic acids azoospermia azoxy compounds azylenes α α-addition α-adrenergic receptor α-cleavage α-decay α-effect α-elimination α-expulsion in photochemistry α-oxo carbenes α-particle α-ray spectrometer α, β α:β T cell α:β T-cell receptor π-adduct σ-adduct

β, β_nuc, β_lg B lymphocyte B-1/B-2 cells B-cell linker protein B-cell receptor B-cell stimulatory factor b-ion B-lymphocyte chemokine B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 B7 molecule bacille Calmette–Guérin back donation back electron transfer back extraction back scatter coefficient in in situ microanalysis back scattered electrons in in situ microanalysis back titration back washing back-mutation back-up compound backbiting backbone backflush background of a radiation measuring device background concentration in atmospheric chemistry background continuum emission in LIBS background equivalent concentration background indication background mass spectrum background radiation backscatter backscattered electron backscattering analysis backscattering correction factor backscattering energy backscattering fraction backscattering spectroscopy backscattering spectrum backscattering yield backward chaining backward propagation backward stepwise linear discriminant analysis bacterial artificial chromosome bactericide Baeyer strain baffle chamber in atmospheric chemistry bag filter in atmospheric chemistry bagassosis baghouse in atmospheric chemistry Bainite transition baking in carbon chemistry BALB/c mouse Baldwin's rules ball cratering band shape band spectra band-to-band recombination bandgap energy bandpass filter bar bar test barbiturates bare lymphocyte syndrome barn Barnes maze barotropic mesophase Barton reaction basal basal ganglia basal lamina base base electrolyte base kind of quantity base pair base pairing base peak in mass spectrometry base peak chromatogram base quantity base quencher base sequence analysis base unit of measurement baseline in chromatography baseline concentration in atmospheric chemistry baseline error in spectrochemical analysis baseline toxicity basement membrane basic local alignment search tool basicity basicity function basis function basis set basis set superposition error basophil basophilic degranulation basting solvent batch in analytical chemistry batch emulsion polymerisation batch extraction batch injection calorimetry batch operation in analysis batch reactor Bateman function Bates–Guggenheim convention bathochromic shift Bayes’s theorem Bayesian Bayesian probability Bayesian regularized neural network Bayesian statistics Bayley scale Bcl-2 bead injection bead-rod model bead-spring model beading in neurites beam bunching in secondary-ion mass spectrometry beam chopper beam current in in situ microanalysis beam diameter in in situ microanalysis beam footprint in X-ray reflectrometry beam mass spectrometer beam spill-off in X-ray reflectrometry beam splitter beam walking test beam-gas experiments becquerel bed volume in chromatography Beer–Lambert law before mass analysis in mass spectrometry behavioural teratology behavioural toxicology Behcet disease belief theory bell stage Bell–Evans–Polanyi principle Bence–Jones protein benchmark concentration benchmark dose benchmark guidance value benchmark response bending of energy bands beneficial metal benefit benign benign monoclonal gammopathy Bent's rule benthic Benton test benzenium ions benzenonium ions benzyl ion benzylic groups benzylic intermediates benzynes Bernoullian distribution Berry pseudorotation beryllium disease best-in-class beta relaxation beta relaxation peak beta-barrel beta-sheet beta-sheet breaker betaines betweenanenes bias bias error biased linear pulse amplifier biased sample bicornate uterus bicycle rearrangement bicycle-pedal mechanism bidentate Biel water maze biflavonoids bifunctional catalysis bifurcation bilaminar embryo bilayer bilinear equation bilirubin bimetallic electrode bimodal distribution bimodal network bimolecular binary copolymerisation binary elastic scattering binary elastic scattering peak binary system binder binder in chromatography binder coke binding assay binding capacity binding energy binding isotherm binding site Bingham flow binodal bioaccessibility bioaccessible bioaccumulation bioaccumulation factor bioaccumulation potential bioactivation bioactive bioactivity bioadhesion bioalteration of a polymer bioanalytical chemistry bioassay bioassimilation bioavailability bioavailability in pharmacokinetics bioavailability in general bioavailable biobased biocatalyst biocenosis biochemical mechanism biochemical oxygen demand biochip biocide biocompatible solid-phase microextraction bioconcentration bioconcentration factor bioconjugate bioconversion biodegradability biodegradable biodegradable polymer biodegradation biodisintegration biodiversity biodiversity action plan bioelectronics bioelimination bioequivalence bioerosion biofilm biofragmentation biogeochemical cycle bioinactivation bioinformatics bioisostere biokinetics in toxicology biolistics biological agent biological cycle biological determinant biological effect monitoring biological exposure index biological half life biological indicator biological monitoring biological preparation biological product biological recognition element biological specimen biological tolerance values for working materials biological warfare bioluminescence biomacromolecule biomagnification biomagnification factor biomarker biomarker of effect biomarker of exposure biomarker of susceptibility biomass biomaterial biome biomedical biomimetic biomineralization biomodification biomolecule biomonitor biomonitoring type 1 biomonitoring type 2 biomonitoring type 3 biomonitoring type 4 biopanning biopesticide biopharmaceutics bioplastic biopolymers bioprosthesis biopsy bioreactor biorecognition biorelated bioremediation bioresorbability bioresorbable bioresorption biosensor biosphere in atmospheric chemistry biostability biostatic biosynthesis biota biota-sediment accumulation factor biotechnology biotic biotic index biotic ligand biotic ligand model biotic score biotope biotransformation bioturbation biphasic dose–effect model biphasic system in liquid–liquid extraction biphotonic excitation biphotonic process biplot bipolar disorder bipolarons bipolymer biradical biradicaloid birth birth defect birth rate bisecting conformation bismuthanes bismuthines bispecific antibody bisphenols bit string bivane in atmospheric chemistry black body black film black-body-like photocatalytic reactor blackbody infrared radiative dissociation blade format blank correction blank indication blank material blank nominal indication blank titration blank value in analysis blast blastema blastocoel blastocyst blastomere blastula blastulation Blau syndrome blaze-angle in spectrochemical analysis bleaching in photochemistry blob Bloch equations Bloch–Siegert shift block block copolymer block copolymer lithography block homopolymer block macromolecule block polymer blockbuster drug blocking blocking antibody blocking geometry blood blood cell blood cell count blood dyscrasia blood group blood group antigen blood transfusion blood–brain barrier blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier blood–placenta barrier blood–retinal barrier blood–testis barrier Bloom syndrome blotting in biotechnology blowdown in atmospheric chemistry blue shift boat Bodenstein approximation body burden body fluids bohr Bohr magneton Bohr radius boloamphiphile bolometer Boltzmann constant Boltzmann distribution of nuclear spins Boltzmann enhanced discrimination of receiver operating characteristic bolus bomb-digestion in spectrochemical analysis bond bond dissociation bond energy in theoretical chemistry bond energy bond enthalpy bond length bond migration bond number bond opposition strain bond orbital bond order bond order bond ring-sector bond-dissociation energy in theoretical chemistry bond-dissociation energy bond-dissociation enthalpy bond-energy-bond-order method bond-stretch isomers bonded phase in chromatography bonding molecular orbital bonding number bone age bone cement bone marrow bone marrow transplantation bone morphogenetic protein bone morphogenetic protein-4 boomerang effect booster bootstrap resampling bootstrapping boranes boranylidenes borderline mechanism borderline metal ions borenes borinic acids Born–Oppenheimer approximation boron-doped diamond electrode boronic acids borylenes boson Boston naming test botanical pesticide bottom anti-reflective coating bottom-up ecotoxicological study bottom-up lithography bottom-up proteomics botulism bound fraction in radioanalytical chemistry bound/free ratio in immunoassay boundary layer in atmospheric chemistry boundary layer thickness bowsprit bowtie entanglement Brønsted relation brachial plexus brachydactyly brady-bradycardia bradykinesia bradykinin bradypnoea Bragg filter Bragg’s rule brain brain herniation brain slice brain-derived neurotrophic factor brainstem branch in polymers branch constitutional repeating unit branch point in polymers branch unit in polymers branched chain in polymers branched polymer in polymers branchial branchial arch branching chain reaction branching decay branching fraction branching index branching plane branching ratio branching ratio break of a foam break of an emulsion breakdown threshold fluence in LIBS breaking of an emulsion breakthrough volume breathing zone Bredt's rule breeching in atmospheric chemistry breeze in atmospheric chemistry Bremsstrahlung brevicollis Brewster angle bridge bridge index bridge solution in pH measurement bridged carbocation bridgehead bridgehead atom bridging ligand brightness brightness of a laser dye Brillouin index Broca area bromohydrins bromonium ions bronchial provocation test bronchoconstriction bronchodilation bronchopulmonary segment bronchospasm broodstock Brooks and Taylor structure Brownian field-flow fractionation mode Brownian motion Brønsted acid Brønsted base Brubaker lens Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area brush macromolecule brush polymer bruxism bubble column bubbler in atmospheric chemistry buccal tablet buccopharyngeal membrane bud Buehler assay buffer gas buffer-addition technique in analytical flame spectroscopy builder in chemistry bulbourethral gland bulbus cordis bulk concentration in electroanalysis bulk degradation bulk density bulk mesophase bulk polymerisation bulk rheology bulk sample bulk strain buncher bundle crystal bundle of His Bunnett–Olsen equations Bunsen burner Bunsen coefficient Bunte salts Burkitt lymphoma burn-up burn-up fraction burning tension of an electrical arc burning velocity of a flame front burr hole surgery bursa bursa of Fabricius butyrylcholinesterase bypass injector in gas chromatography byssinosis bystander effect in immunology bystander exposure bystander suppression β β-N-acetylhexosaminidase β-adrenergic receptor β-amyloid β-blocker β-cleavage in mass spectrometry β-decay β-elimination β-particle β2-microglobulin π-bond σ-bond

Caenorhabditis eleganscatena-cis conformation in polymers cis- in inorganic nomenclature cis-trans isomers cis-fused cis, transcloso-c-ion C-reactive protein C-terminal analysis C-terminal residue in a polypeptide C-terminus C-type lectin C. I. P. system C1 inhibitor CA1-pyramidal cell CA3-pyramidal cell cacosmia cadherin cadium–helium laser Caesarian section cage cage compound cage effect caged compound Cahn–Ingold–Prelog system calamitic calcification calcination calcined coke calcineurin inhibitor calcinosis calcium sink calculated molar refractivity calibrant in extraction phase calibration in analysis calibration certificate calibration component calibration curve calibration function in analysis calibration gas mixture in atmospheric chemistry calibration interval calibration material in analysis calibration mixture in analysis calibration sample in analysis calibration, k0 method calibrator in activation analysis california verbal learning test calixarenes calorie calorimetric titration calorimetry canal cancer candela candidate certified reference material candidate reference material candidiasis canonical form canonical rate constant canonical structure representation canonical variables canonical variate analysis canonical variational transition-state theory capability capacitance of a plate capacitor capacitance hygrometer capacitation of sperm capacitive microwave plasma capillary affinity electrophoresis capillary column in chromatography capillary condensation capillary electrochromatography capillary electrophoresis capillary gel electrophoresis capillary isoelectric focusing capillary isotachophoresis capillary sieving electrophoresis capping capsule captodative effect capture capture cross-section capture probe capture γ-radiation caput epididymis carbaboranes carbamates carbanion carbena carbene analogues carbene metal complexes carbene radical anions carbene radical cations carbenes carbenium centre carbenium ion carbenoids carbinolamines carbinols carbinyl cations carbo-reduction carbocation carbocyclic compounds carbodiimides carbohydrate carbohydrates carbon carbon artifact carbon black carbon cenospheres carbon cloth carbon dioxide laser carbon electrode carbon felt carbon fibre carbon fibre fabrics carbon fibres type HM carbon fibres type HT carbon fibres type IM carbon fibres type LM carbon fibres type UHM carbon ink electrode carbon loading of the packing material carbon material carbon mix carbon paste electrode carbon whiskers carbon–carbon composite carbonaceous mesophase carbonitriles carbonium ion carbonization carbonothioyl-mediated radical polymerization carbonyl compounds carbonyl imides carbonyl imines carbonyl oxides carbonyl ylides carbonylhemoglobin carboranes carboxamides carboxamidines carboxylic acids carbylamines carbyne metal complexes carbynes carbynium ions carceplex carcerand carcinoembryonic antigen carcinogen carcinogenesis carcinogenicity carcinogenicity test carcinoma cardiac cardiac jelly cardiogenesis cardiogenic cardiolipin cardiotoxic cardiovascular cardo polymer carotenes carotenoids carotid artery carpel tunnel syndrome carrier carrier in radioanalytical chemistry carrier atom in organic reaction mechanisms carrier gas carrier protein carrier substance carrier-free carrier-linked prodrug carrier-mediated drug transport carry-over carry-over effect carrying capacity cartilage cartridge cascade impactor cascade mixing case cohort study case control study caspase cassavism castration catabolism catabolite repression catadromous catadromy catagenesis Catalán solvent parameters catalase catalymetric titration catalysed photochemical reaction catalysed rate of reaction catalysis catalysis law catalyst catalyst in solvent extraction catalyst ageing catalyst deactivation catalyst decay catalyst photoactivation catalyst precursor in coordination polymerization catalyst-transfer cross-coupling polymerization catalyst-transfer polymerization catalytic activity of an enzyme catalytic activity concentration catalytic activity content catalytic activity fraction of an isozyme catalytic antibody catalytic chain termination catalytic chain transfer catalytic coefficient catalytic concentration catalytic content catalytic cracking catalytic current catalytic current, limiting catalytic cycle catalytic dehydrocyclization catalytic domain of a polypeptide of a polypeptide catalytic fraction catalytic graphitization catalytic hydrocracking catalytic hydrodesulfurization catalytic hydrogenolysis catalytic methanation catalytic reforming catalytic site catalytic thermometric titration cataphoresis cataract catatonia catecholamines categorical data category catenane polymer catenanes cathode cathodic stripping voltammetry cathodic transfer coefficient cation cation exchange cation exchanger cation radical cation-activated-monomer polymerization cation-exchange polymer cation-π interaction cationic polymer cationic polymerization cationic ring-opening polymerization cationized molecule cationotropic rearrangement cationotropy Cauchy function cauda epididymis cauda equina caudal caudate nucleus cause-and-effect diagram caveola cavitands cavitation in biology cavity dumping in photochemistry CBCA(CO)NH/HN(CO)CACB CBCANH/HNCACB CC(CO)NH CD1 CD16 CD23 CD25 CD3 CD4 CD4+/CD25+ T cell CD40 ligand CD5+ B lymphocyte CD8 CD8+ T suppressor cell cDNA cecum ceiling temperature ceiling value ceilometer in atmospheric chemistry celiac disease cell constant of a conductivity cell cell cycle cell error in spectrochemical analysis cell line cell membrane preparation cell mortality cell proliferation cell strain cell viability cell-based assay cell-mediated cytotoxicity cell-mediated hypersensitivity cell-mediated immune response cell-mediated immunity cellulation Celsius temperature censored data centi central atom central nervous system central tolerance centre of a Mössbauer spectrum centre burst centre of chirality centrifugal acceleration centrifugal barrier centrifugal flow centrifugal force centrifugal radius centroid acquisition centromere cephalic cephalins cephalosporins cephams cephems ceramer ceramic ceramic filter ceramic precursor ceramic yield ceramic-reinforced polymer ceramide ceramization cerebellar tonsillar herniation cerebellum cerebral cortex cerebral hemisphere cerebral palsy cerebroside cerebrospinal fluid cerebrum Cerenkov detector Cerenkov effect Cerenkov radiation cerimetric titration certification certified nominal reference material certified property value certified reference material cervical rib cervical spine in vertebrates cervical vertebra cervix cetaceans chain in polymers chain activation in SRMP chain activation in ATRP chain axis of a polymer chain branching chain carrier chain conformation chain conformational repeating unit of a polymer chain copolymerisation chain deactivation chain depropagation chain entanglement chain fission yield chain folding in polymer crystals chain initiation chain length chain of custody chain polymerization chain propagation in a chain polymerization chain reaction chain reactivation in a chain polymerization chain scission of a polymer chain segment chain stiffness chain termination in a chain polymerization chain transfer chain-end reactivity ratio chain-ending step chain-extended crystal chain-orientational disorder in polymer crystals chain-propagating reaction chain-shuttling polymerization chain-termination reaction chain-transfer agent chain-transfer constant chain-walking polymerization chair–chair interconversion chair, boat, twist chalcogen bond chalcones challenge in immunology chamber saturation in gas chromatography chance correlation change of a quantity change of mass change ratio of a quantity channel channel black channel blocker channel opener channel photomultiplier tube channeling channeling effect channels ratio method chaperon chaperone-mediated autophagy Chapman mechanism char characteristic in analytical chemistry characteristic electron energy losses characteristic group in organic nomenclature characteristic length in thin films characteristic line characteristic mass in electrothermal atomization characteristic mass for integrated absorbance in electrothermal atomization characteristic mass for peak absorption in electrothermal atomization characteristic potential characteristic ratio in polymers characteristic scale in thin films characteristic temperatures characteristic X-radiation characteristic X-ray emission charcoal charcoal tube charge charge carrier charge carrier concentration charge carrier diffusion charge carrier generation charge carrier injection charge carrier mobility charge carrier recombination charge coupled device charge density charge hopping charge inversion reaction charge neutralization charge number in general charge number in inorganic nomenclature charge number of a cell reaction charge population charge recombination charge referencing charge remote fragmentation charge separation charge shift charge site derivatization charge transfer charge-exchange ionization in mass spectrometry charge-exchange reaction charge-inversion mass spectrum charge-mediated fragmentation charge-permutation reaction charge-stripping reaction charge-transfer absorption charge-transfer adsorption charge-transfer complex charge-transfer device in radiation detection charge-transfer exciton charge-transfer reaction in mass spectrometry charge-transfer state charge-transfer step of an electrode reaction charge-transfer transition charge-transfer transition to solvent charged residue model charging potential charring checkpoint pathway chelate chelating polymer chelation chelation solvent extraction chelation therapy chelatometric titration cheletropic reaction chelotropic reaction chemesthesis chemi-ionization in mass spectrometry chemical actinometer chemical activation chemical adsorption chemical amount chemical amplification chemical analysis chemical biology chemical bond chemical conversion chemical database chemical decomposition chemical dependency chemical diffusion chemical dosimeter chemical element chemical equilibrium chemical flux chemical functionality chemical hydride generation chemical induction chemical ionization in mass spectrometry chemical isotope exchange chemical laser chemical library chemical map chemical measurement process chemical modification chemical oxygen demand chemical potential chemical purity chemical reaction chemical reaction equation chemical relaxation chemical safety chemical shift in NMR chemical shift in photoelectron and Auger spectra chemical shift anisotropy in NMR chemical space chemical species chemical species of an element chemical state in electron spectroscopy chemical state plot chemical substance chemical time bomb chemical vapour generation in spectrochemical analysis chemical warfare chemical yield chemically amplified resist chemically bonded hybrid Chemically Induced Dynamic Electron Polarization chemically induced dynamic electron polarization chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization Chemically Initiated Electron Exchange Luminescence chemically initiated electron exchange luminescence chemically-modified electrode chemically-sensitive field effect transistor chemiexcitation chemiflux chemiluminescence chemiluminescence analyser chemiluminescent methods of detection in analysis cheminformatics chemisorption chemogenomics chemokine chemometrics chemophobia chemoselectivity chemosis chemospecificity chemostat chemosteriliser chemotactic factor chemotaxis chemotaxis assay chemotype Chernoff–Kavlock assay chimera chimney effect in atmospheric chemistry chiral chiral additive chiral feature chiral mobile phase chiral recognition chiral selector chiral stationary phase in liquid chromatography chirality chirality axis chirality centre chirality element chirality plane chirality sense chiroptic chirotopic chloracne chloramines chloride cell chlorinity chlorocarbons chlorofluorocarbon chlorohydrins chloronium ions chlorosis cholesteric phase cholinergic cholinesterase inhibitor cholinomimetic chondrification chondroblast chondrocyte chordin chorea choreoathetosis chorioallantoic placenta chorion chorionic gonadotropin chorionic sac chorionic villus chorioretinitis choroid plexus Christiansen effect Christiansen filter chromaffin cell chromate uptake assay chromatic aberration chromatid chromatin chromatin immunoprecipitation chromatogram chromatograph chromatograph chromatographic bed chromatographic detector chromatography chromatolysis chromium release assay chromophore chromosomal aberration chromosomal abnormality chromosomal inversion chromosomal translocation chromosome chromosome deletion chromosome ring chronic chronic allergic inflammation chronic effect chronic exposure chronic granulomatous disease chronic lymphocytic leukemia chronic myelogenous leukemia chronic rejection chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy chronic toxicity chronic toxicity test chronoamperometry chronocoulometric constant chronocoulometry chronopotentiometric constant chronopotentiometry chronotoxicology ciguatera poisoning ciguateratoxin poisoning ciliary muscle ciliary neurotrophic factor cine-substitution CIP priority circadian circular birefringence circular development circular dichroism circular elution circular fingerprints circular frequency circulation of substances in the environment cirrhosis cirrhotic cis/trans photoisomerisation cisoid conformation cistactic polymer city-block distance cladistics cladogram Clarke–Glew equation Clarke–Glew–Weiss equation class (a) metal ion class (b) metal ion class of helix in polymers class switching classical conditioning classical pathway of complement activation clastogen clastogenesis clathrates clausius clay hybrid clean surface clean up in spectrochemical analysis clearance clearance in toxicology clearance dose clearing point clearing temperature cleavage in embryology cleft cleft cleft lip cleft palate cleft sternum climax community clinal clinical toxicology clitoris cloaca in zoology cloacal membrane clog P CLOGP values clonal anergy clonal deletion clonal expansion clonal indifference clonal selection in immunology clone clonic cloning cloning vector clonus closed film closed shell molecular systems closed system in spectrochemical analysis closed-loop extraction closed-vessel acid digestion cloud in atmospheric chemistry cloud point cloud point extraction cloud-point curve cloud-point temperature clover disease clubfoot cluster cluster analysis cluster centroid cluster determinant cluster ion in mass spectrometry cluster of differentiation antigen cluster sampling co-assembly co-drug co-ions co-nonsolvency co-oligomer co-oligomerization co-solvency in polymers co-stimulation CO2 laser coacervation coacervative extraction coagulation in colloid chemistry coagulation system coagulative nucleation coal tar pitch coal-derived pitch coke coalescence in colloid chemistry coalification coarctate coarctation coated-vessel format coating coaxial reflectron cobalamines cobalt-mediated radical polymerization cocarcinogen cochlea coded experimental design Codex Alimentarius codon coefficient coefficient of haze in atmospheric chemistry Coekelbergs effect coelom coenzyme coexistence curve coextraction cofactors cognate T cell cognition coherence length in thin films coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy coherent radiation coherent scattering coherent source in spectrochemistry coherent structure coherent system of units of measurement of measurement coherent unit of measurement cohort cohort analysis cohort study coil-to-globule transition coiled-tube field-flow fractionation coincidence circuit coincidence resolving time coke coke breeze coking col cold autoantibody type cold condensation theory cold crystallisation cold fibre solid-phase microextraction cold neutrons collagen arthritis collagenous collectin collection collection efficiency in atmospheric chemistry collection gas flow system in spectrochemical analysis collector in atmospheric chemistry collector collector slit collembolan reproduction test colligation collimation collimator collinear reaction collinearity collision cascade collision cell collision complex collision cross-section collision density collision diameter collision efficiency collision frequency collision gas collision number collision quadrupole collision reaction cell collision theory collision-induced dissociation in mass spectrometry collisional activation in mass spectrometry collisional broadening of a spectral line collisional excitation in mass spectrometry collisional focusing colloid colloid osmotic pressure colloid stabiliser colloidal colloidal carbon colloidal crystal colloidal dispersion colloidal electrolyte colloidal gel colloidal network colloidal processing colloidal suspension colloidally stable colloidally stable system coloboma colony-stimulating factor color scale colorimeter colour centres colour indicator colourability column in chromatography column chromatography column diameter column length column volume in chromatography columnar phase coma comb macromolecule comb polymer combination combination electrode combination transition combinatorial diversity combinatorial joining combinatorial library combined effect of poisons combined electrode combined repeated dose toxicity study combined rotation and multiple pulse spectroscopy combined sample combined technique in thermal analysis combustion gas comet assay cometabolism commensurate–incommensurate transition common black film common factor analysis common variable immunodeficiency common-ion effect on rates communicating hydrocephalus communities community community conditioning hypothesis community resilience community resistance community stability community structure commutability of a reference material comonomer compact layer in electrochemistry compaction comparative genomics comparative glycoproteomics comparative molecular field analysis comparative molecular similarity analysis comparative proteoglycomics comparator in radioanalytical chemistry compartment compartmental analysis compartmentalisation behaviour compartmentalise compatible polymer blend compensation in catalysis compensation in stereochemistry compensation effect competence competent authority competent bacteria competition competitive binding assay competitive exclusion competitive inhibition of catalysis competitive inhibition assay complement in immunology complement deficiency complement reaction complement receptor complement system complementarity-determining region complementary binding sites complementary DNA complementary sequence complete active space self-consistent field complete active space self-consistent field second-order perturbation theory complete genome sequence complete linkage complete mineralisation complex complex coacervation complex mechanism complex reaction complex-mode reaction complexometric titration complimentary niches component component composite composite alkalinity composite mechanism composite membrane composite reaction composite sample composition of pure air in atmospheric chemistry compositional depth profile compositional heterogeneity of polymers compost composting compound collection comprehensive effect of poisons comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography compressed tablet compressibility factor compression factor comproportionation Compton effect Compton electron Compton scattering Compton scattering analysis computational chemistry computational photochemistry computational toxicology computer-assisted drug design computer-assisted molecular design computer-assisted molecular modeling conal growth hypothesis concanavalin A concave isotherm in chromatography concentrated phase in polymer chemistry concentrated solution concentration concentration depolarization concentration distribution ratio in chromatography concentration factor in solvent extraction concentration gradient concentration in experimental surface concentration overpotential concentration thermometric technique in enthalpimetric analysis concentration-cell corrosion concentration-sensitive detector in chromatography concentration–effect curve concentration–effect relationship concentration–response curve concentration–response relationship in biomolecular screening concentric nebulizer conception conceptual model in ecological risk assessment conceptual model diagram in ecological risk assessment conceptual site model conceptus concerted process concerted reaction concordance concurrent validity condensation in atmospheric chemistry condensation nuclei in atmospheric chemistry condensation polymerization condensation reaction condensative chain polymerization condensative chain polymerization condensed formula condition in ecology condition factor condition index conditional potential conditional rate constant of an electrode reaction conditioned avoidance response test conditioned stimulus conditioning in solvent extraction conditioning film conditioning solvent conductance conducting polymer conducting polymer composite conduction band conductivity conductometric titration conductometry conductor confidence level confidence limits about the mean configuration of electrons configuration in sterochemistry configuration interaction configurational base unit in polymers configurational disorder in polymers configurational homosequence in polymers configurational repeating unit in polymers configurational sequence in polymers configurational unit in polymers confined atomizer confined-spaces crystallisation confirmed hit conformance probability conformation conformational analysis in drug design conformational analysis conformational disorder in polymers conformational enthalpy conformational entropy conformational epitope conformational melting conformational repeating unit of a polymer conformational transition conformer conformity assessment confounding in data analysis confounding variable confusion confusion matrix congener congenic congenital congenital adrenal hyperplasia congenital branchial cyst congenital malformation congenital retinoschisis conglomerate congruent transition conical intersection coning and quartering in analytical chemistry conjoined twin conjugate in polymer conjugate chemistry conjugate acid–base pair conjugate phases conjugate solutions conjugated polymer conjugated system conjugation conjugation in gene technology conjugation labelling in radioanalytical chemistry conjugative mechanism conjunctiva conjunctive name conjunctivitis connective tissue connectivity in polymer chemistry connectivity conrotatory conrotatory conscious consecutive reaction monitoring consecutive reactions consecutive steps consensus property value conservation of an examination standard conservation biology conservation ecology conservation of orbital symmetry conservative assessment of risk consignment in analytical chemistry consistency consolute point constant gene constant neutral mass gain spectrum constant neutral mass loss spectrum constant oscillation-amplitude method constant region constant time evolution constituent constituent constitution constitutional heterogeneity of polymers constitutional homosequence constitutional isomerism constitutional repeating unit in polymers constitutional sequence in polymers constitutional unit constitutive activity constitutive enzymes construct validity contact allergen contact angle contact corrosion contact dermatitis contact hole contact hypersensitivity contact ion pair contact poison contact potential difference contact sensitivity contact urticaria containment contaminant contamination content content validity contingency table continuity inversion in solvent extraction continuous analyser continuous bed packing in liquid chromatography continuous dynode particle multiplier continuous effect continuous emulsion polymerisation continuous extraction continuous flow continuous flow enthalpimetry continuous indication analyser continuous liquid-liquid extraction continuous measuring cell continuous operation in analysis continuous performance test continuous phase continuous precipitation continuous scan interferometer continuous transition continuous wave laser continuous-flow cell in spectrochemical analysis continuous-flow fast atom bombardment continuous-flow matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization continuous-phase concentration continuously curved chain in polymers continuum continuum source in atomic spectroscopy contour length in polymers contraceptive contract research organisation contracture contraindication contrast contrast curve contrast medium contributing structure control control chart control group control limit control material in analysis control sample in analysis controlled anionic polymerization controlled atmosphere in atmospheric chemistry controlled cationic polymerization controlled delivery controlled ionic polymerization controlled polymerization controlled radical polymerization controlled release controlled temperature program in thermal analysis controlled-rate thermal analysis controlled-release dosage form convection as applied to air motion convenience sample conventional dendritic cell conventional mass conventional nominal property value conventional quantity value conventional transition-state theory conventional true value convergent evolution conversion cross-section conversion dynode conversion electron conversion spectrum convertase convex isotherm in chromatography convulsion cooling curve Coombs test cooperative transition cooperativity coordinate covalence coordinate link coordination coordination entity coordination network coordination number coordination polyhedron coordination polymer coordination polymerization coordination ring-opening polymerization coordination-addition polymerization coordination-insertion polymerization coordinative chain-transfer polymerization coordinatively saturated complex coordinatively unsaturated complex coordinator of an interlaboratory comparison cooxidation copepod copolymer copolymer isomorphism copolymer micelle copolymerisation composition equation copolymerization copper vapour laser coprecipitation copy number in biotechnology cord blood core atom in organic reaction mechanisms core consistency diagnostic core grade core oligosaccharide core unit core-crosslinked micelle core-shell particle core-shell structure coreceptor Coriolis coupling Coriolis force cornu ammonis corona discharge corona discharge ionization coronal coronal suture coronands corpus callosum corpus cavernosum corpus luteum corpus striatum corrected emission spectrum corrected excitation spectrum corrected retention volume in gas chromatography correlation analysis correlation coefficient correlation diagram correlation energy correlation spectroscopy in NMR correlation spectroscopy through long-range coupling correlation time correspondence factor analysis corrinoids corrosion corrosion cell corrosion current corrosion potential corrosion rate corrosive cortex in anatomy corticosteroid cosolvent cosphere cost-effectiveness analysis cost–benefit analysis cotectic Cottrell equation cough in fish coulomb coulomb integral coulomb radius Coulomb repulsion coulometer coulometric detection method in electrochemical analysis coulometric titration coulometric titration coulometry coumarins coumarone-indene polymer count count mean diameter count median diameter counter electrode counter tube counter-current flow counter-current gas counter-ions in colloid chemistry counter-regulation hypothesis counter-screen countercurrent chromatography countercurrent extraction counterpoise correction counting efficiency counting loss counting rate coupled cluster method coupled reaction in analysis coupled simultaneous techniques in analysis coupling coupling constant coupling reaction in polymer science covalent bond covalent drug covalent network covalent network Cox–Yates equation cracking Craig countercurrent distribution apparatus cramp cranial nerve cranial placodes cranial suture craniofacial craniopharyngioma craniorachischisis cranioschisis craniosynostosis cranium crater depth crazing Cre/loxP cream cream volume creaming creep crepitations cresols cretinism cri du chat syndrome crista criterion criterion validity critical angle critical body residue critical coagulation concentration critical concentration for an organ critical dimension critical dose critical effect critical embryo critical end-point critical energy critical excitation energy in in situ microanalysis critical group critical index critical ion-concentration in an ionomer critical life-stage testing critical micelle concentration critical moisture content critical oligomer degree of polymerisation for irreversible entry critical oligomer degree of polymerisation for precipitation critical organ in toxicology critical organ concentration of a substance critical period critical point critical pressure critical quenching radius critical solution composition critical solution point critical solution temperature critical study critical temperature critical thickness of a film of a film critical value Crohn disease cross polarization cross polarization with magic angle spinning NMR cross reaction cross reactivity cross section in radiation chemistry cross sensitivity cross-conjugation cross-flow filtration in biotechnology cross-flow nebulizer cross-linking in biomolecules cross-matching cross-over concentration cross-presentation cross-propagation cross-reacting antibody cross-reacting antigen cross-resistance cross-sectional area of the column cross-sectional study of disease prevalence and associations cross-sectioning cross-termination cross-tolerance in immunology crosscurrent extraction crossed electric and magnetic fields in mass spectrometry crossed molecular beams crossing over in biotechnology crosslink crosslink density crosslinking crosslinking site crossover study Crouzon syndrome crowding in solvent extraction crown crown conformation crud in solvent extraction cryogenic cryogenic sampling cryogenic trap cryoglobulin cryoglobulinemic vasculitis crypt in anatomy cryptand cryptate cryptic epitope cryptophthalmos crystal diffraction spectrometer crystal field crystal field splitting crystal laser crystal lattice defect crystal photochemistry crystal polymorph crystalline crystalline electrodes crystalline polymer crystalline polymer-inclusion complex crystalline state crystalline-polymer molecular complex crystallinity crystallisable polymer crystallization CT cubic cubic mesophase cue cultivation in metabolomics culture cumulative death rate cumulative dose cumulative double bonds cumulative effect cumulative exposure cumulative fission yield cumulative incidence cumulative incidence rate cumulative incidence ratio cumulative mass-distribution function cumulative median lethal dose cumulative number-distribution function cumulative risk cumulative sample cumulative sum control chart cumulenes cumulonimbus cloud in atmospheric chemistry cumulus cloud in atmospheric chemistry cumulus oophorus cupola curie curing curly arrows current density current density current distribution current efficiency current sampling current yield current-potential curve current, migration Curtin–Hammett principle curve-crossing model curved field reflectron cut off in aerosol sizes","in atmospheric chemistry cut-off filter cut-on filter cutaneous cutaneous lymphocyte antigen cutaneous T-cell lymphoma CVD diamond CW cyanates cyanides cyanine dyes cyanogenic cyanohydrins cyanosis cyanotoxin cybotactic region cycles per second cyclic acid anhydrides cyclic macromolecule cyclic voltammetry cyclitols cyclization cyclo-cycloaddition cycloalkanes cycloalkyl groups cyclodepsipeptides cyclodextrins cycloelimination cyclohexadienyl cations cyclone collector in atmospheric chemistry cyclooxygenase specific inhibitors cyclophanes cyclopia cyclopolymerization cycloreversion cyclosilazanes cyclosiloxanes cyclotron cyclotron motion cyst cytochrome P420 cytochrome P448 cytochrome P450 cytochromes cytogenetics cytokine cytokine capture assay cytokine profile cytokine release assay cytomegalovirus cytopenia cytoplasm cytotoxic cytotoxic T lymphocyte cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 cytotoxic T lymphocyte assay cytotoxicity assay cytotoxin cytotrophoblast σ-constant χ-parameter

dodecahedro-d-ion d, l, dl dalton Daly detector damage limit damage to deoxyribonucleic acid damping curve danger hypothesis Daphnia Daphnia magna reproduction test dark current dark electric conductivity dark loss dark output dark photochemistry dark reaction dark resistance Darlington phototransistor DAS data data matrix data mining data pre-processing data reduction data-dependent acquisition database searching in proteomics dative bond Dauben–Salem–Turro rules daughter ion in mass spectrometry daughter product in radiochemistry Davydov splitting day Daylight fingerprints DC polarography de Mayo reaction de novo design de-electronation de-energization efficiency deactivation deactivator in ATRP dead polymer chain dead time in radioanalytical chemistry dead time of an analyser dead time correction in radioanalytical chemistry dead-end metabolite dead-end polymerisation dead-volume in chromatography death in population ecology death in biology death domain death rate death receptor debye Debye–Hückel equation DEC-205 deca decadic absorbance decay chain decay constant decay curve decay rate in atmospheric chemistry decay rate of a radioactive material decay scheme in radioanalytical chemistry decay time in heterogenous catalysis decay-accelerating factor dechlorinated water deci decibel decidua decidual cell decidual cell response technique decidualization deciduum decipol decision rule in conformity assessment decision tree decompensation decomposer decomposition decontamination decontamination factor in liquid-liquid distribution deconvoluted mass spectrum decoupling in the presence of scalar interactions decussate dedicated kind-of-nominal-property DEDMR deep energy trap defect defect-free pattern defeminized gonadotropin secretion defensin definitive method deflection for a precision balance deflocculation defoliant deformation vibration degeneracy degenerate chain branching degenerate chemical reaction degenerate orbitals degenerate rearrangement degenerate-transfer radical polymerisation degenerative chain transfer degenerative chain-transfer radical polymerization degenerative-transfer polymerization degradability degradable degradable macromolecule degradable polymer degradation in general degradation of a biorelated polymer degradative chain transfer degranulation degree of arc degree Celsius degree Fahrenheit degree of activation degree of association of a micelle degree of bioassimilation degree of biodegradation degree of biodisintegration degree of biofragmentation degree of biomineralization degree of branching degree of crystallinity of a polymer degree of degradation degree of disintegration degree of dissociation degree of fragmentation degree of inhibition degree of ionization degree of mineralization degree of polymerization degree of reaction degree of supercooling degree-of-polymerisation dispersity degrees of cistacticity and transtacticity degrees of freedom degrees of triad isotacticity, syndiotacticity, and heterotacticity dehydroarenes dehydrobenzenes dehydrogenase delayed coincidence delayed coke delayed coking process delayed effect delayed extraction delayed fluorescence delayed luminescence delayed neutrons delayed onset in an X-ray absorption spectrum delayed-neutron activation analysis delayed-release dosage form delayed-type hypersensitivity delayed-type hypersensitivity assay deletion of a base pair deliquescence deliquescent delirium delocalization delocalization in theoretical organic chemistry delocalization energy delocalization of electrons delta layer demasculinized dementia demister demographic stochasticity demography demyelination denaturation of a macromolecule denaturation of alcohol denaturation of protein dendrimer dendrimer molecule dendrite dendritic block macromolecule dendritic cell dendritic constitutional repeating unit dendritic graft macromolecule dendritic macromolecule dendritic polymer dendrogram dendron dendron direction denitrification densification density density dependence in population biology density functional theory density inversion in solvent extraction density of states dental fluorosis dentate gyrus denticity denuder denuder system in atmospheric chemistry deodorizer in atmospheric chemistry deoxyribonucleic acid cloning deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation index deoxyribonucleic acid integrity index deoxyribonucleic acid mismatch deoxyribonucleic acid profiling deoxyribonucleic acid repair deoxyribonucleic acid replication deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing deoxyribonucleic acids deoxyribose dependence dephasing depilatory depletion layer depolarization depolarization of scattered light depolarization ratio depolarized Raman band depolarizer depolymerase depolymerization deposit feeder deposition in atmospheric chemistry deposition velocity in atmospheric chemistry depot depression of the central nervous system deprotection deprotonated molecule depsides depsipeptides depth of focus depth of penetration of light depth profile depth profiling depth resolution depth resolution parameter depth-profiling depuration deracemization derivative potentiometric titration derivative spectroscopy derivative technique in thermal analysis derived characteristic derived coherent unit derived kind of quantity derived non-coherent unit derived quantity derived unit of measurement dermal dermal irritation dermatitis dermatomyositis dermis descending elution/development in planar chromatography descriptive epidemiology descriptor in computational drug design desensitization deshielding desiccant design matrix design of experiment in metabolomics designed multiple ligands desolvation in flame spectroscopy desorption desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry desorption by displacement desorption chemical ionization desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry desorption ionization desorption ionization on silicon desquamation desulfurization desymmetrization desymmetrization step desynapsis detachment detailed balancing detection efficiency in nuclear analytical chemistry detection limit detection limit in analysis detector in chromatography detector gate width detergency detergent deterioration determination deterministic in toxicology deterministic analysis deterministic effect deterministic model detoxification detriment detritus detrivorous deuteriation deuteride deuterio deuterium deuteron developed image development developmental anomaly developmental biology developmental neurotoxicity developmental neurotoxicity study developmental neurotoxicity testing developmental reference dose developmental stability developmental susceptibility gene developmental toxicity developmental toxicology developmental variation deviation devitrification in polymer science devolatilizer dew point in atmospheric chemistry dew point hygrometer Dexter excitation transfer dextrans dextrins dextrocardia dextroposition DFDMR di-π-methane rearrangement di-π-silane rearrangement diabatic coupling diabatic electron transfer diabatic photoreaction diabetes mellitus type 1 diacylamines diads in polymers diagnostic ion diagram level in X-ray spectroscopy diagram line in X-ray spectroscopy dialysate dialysis dialysis residue diamagnetic diamidides diamond diamond by CVD diamond-like carbon films dianions diapedesis diaphoresis diaphoretic diaphragm diarrheal shellfish poisoning diastereoisomer excess diastereoisomeric units in a polymer diastereoisomerism diastereoisomerization diastereoisomers diastereomeric ratio diastereomers diastereomorphism diastereoselectivity diastereoselectivity diastereotopic diathesis diatom diazanylidenes diazenyl radicals diazo compounds diazoamino compounds diazoates diazonium salts diazooxides diazotates dicarbenium ions dichotomous sampler dichroic filter dichroic mirror dichroism dielectric barrier discharge ionization dielectric constant dielectric material dielectric polarization dielectric thermal analysis dielectrometry diencephalon dienes dienophile diethylstilbestrol difference absorption spectroscopy difference gel electrophoresis in proteomics difference spectroscopy difference transition differential in hematology differential capacitance differential contactor differential detector in chromatography differential diffusion coefficient differential molar energy of adsorption differential molar interfacial energy differential molar surface excess energy differential pulse voltammetry differential scanning calorimeter differential scanning calorimetry differential spectrum differential splicing differential technique in thermal analysis differential thermal analyser differential thermal analysis differential viscosity differentiation in biology differentiation antigen diffraction diffraction analysis diffuse layer in electrochemistry diffuse reflectance diffuse reflection diffuse reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy diffuse source diffuse transmission diffused junction semiconductor detector diffuser diffusion diffusion barrier diffusion battery diffusion coefficient diffusion control diffusion current diffusion current constant in polarography diffusion layer diffusion layer thickness diffusion ordered spectroscopy diffusion potential diffusion-controlled rate diffusion-controlled termination diffusional transition diffusionless transition DiGeorge syndrome digestion in sample preparation digit span test digit symbol substitution test dihedral angle diisotactic polymer dilatancy dilational transition dilational viscosity dilatometer dilatometry diluent in solvent extraction diluent gas dilute limit in secondary-ion mass spectrometry dilute phase in polymer chemistry dilute solution in polymer science dilute solution diluter dilution paradigm dilution rate in biotechnology dilution water dimension of a quantity dimensionless Henry’s law solubility constant defined via amount concentrations dimensionless Henry’s law volatility constant defined via amount concentrations dimensionless quantities dimeric ion in mass spectrometry dimerization Dimroth–Reichardt E_T parameter diode laser diols diosphenols dioxin dip-pen nanolithography diploid diplopia dipolar aprotic solvent dipolar bond dipolar compounds dipolar coupling in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy dipolar cycloaddition dipolar ions dipolar mechanism of energy transfer dipole coupling dipole length dipole moment dipole moment per volume dipole-dipole excitation transfer dipole-induced dipole forces dipole–dipole interaction dipyrrins dipyrromethenes diradicaloid diradicals direct amplification direct analysis in real time direct bandgap semiconductor direct coulometry at controlled current direct coulometry at controlled potential direct current direct current glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy direct ecological effect direct effect direct exposure probe direct fission yield direct infusion direct insertion probe direct isotope dilution analysis direct liquid introduction direct reaction direct recoil spectroscopy direct spectrum direct thermometric method in enthalpimetric analysis direct titration direct toxicity direct transfer gas flow system in spectrochemical analysis direct-injection burner in analytical flame spectroscopy direct-injection enthalpimetry direct-write lithography directed self-assembly in lithography directional asymmetry directional chain directional stem directly-ionizing radiation director disaccharides disappearance cross section discharge discharge standard discomfort threshold in atmospheric chemistry discontinuous analyser discontinuous indication of an analyser discontinuous measuring cell discontinuous phase transition discontinuous precipitation discontinuous simultaneous techniques in analysis discordance discotic discotic mesogen discrete dynode particle multiplier discrete transport discriminant analysis discrimination ratio discriminator disease disintegration disintegration constant disintegration energy disintegration rate of a radioactive material disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 33 disjoining pressure for the attraction between two surfaces disjoint principal component analysis dislocation dismutation disorientation dispenser dispermy dispersant disperse system dispersed phase dispersed-phase concentration dispersing solvent dispersion for spectroscopic instruments dispersion in atmospheric chemistry dispersion forces dispersion medium dispersion of a sample in atomic spectroscopy dispersion plane in X-ray reflectrometry dispersion polyaddition dispersion polycondensation dispersion polymerisation dispersity dispersive Fourier-transform spectroscopy dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction dispersive spectrometer dispersive transport of charge carriers displacement chromatography displacive transition disposition disproportionation disrotatory disruption disruptor dissipation dissociation dissociation energy dissociative adsorption dissociative electron capture dissociative ionization in mass spectrometry dissociative surface reaction dissolution dissolution inhibitor dissolution promoter dissolution rate dissolved organic carbon dissolved organic matter dissolved oxygen content dissymmetry in stereochemistry dissymmetry of scattering distal in anatomy distonic radical cation distortion interaction model distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer distribuend distribution distribution coefficient distribution constant distribution constant in chromatography distribution constant (exclusion) in size-exclusion chromatography distribution constant calibration distribution function in polymers distribution isotherm in chromatography distribution ratio in liquid-liquid distribution distribution volume disturbance in ecology disulfide bond cleavage disyndiotactic polymer ditactic polymer diterpenoids dithioacetals ditopic receptor diuresis diuretic diurnal variation in atmospheric chemistry diversity diversity gene diversity index diversity-oriented synthesis diverticulum divided granule divided powder divided spinning cell dividing surface DM-interference DNA DNA probe DNA vaccination Dobson unit in atmospheric chemistry docking docking studies doctor blading dolichols domain in molecular biology dominant dominant half life dominant hemisphere dominant lamellae in a spherulite dominant lethal mutation domoic acid donicity Donnan emf Donnan equilibrium Donnan exclusion Donnan pressure donor number donor phase dopamine dopaminergic dopant doping in polymer chemistry doping in catalysis doping (p- and n-type)Doppler broadening of a spectral line dormant polymer chain dormant species Dorn effect dorsal dorsal root dorsal root ganglion dosage in atmospheric chemistry dosage form dosage regimen dose dose in radioanalytical chemistry dose of a substance dose in photochemistry dose equivalent dose-response and dose-effect relationships dose–effect dose–effect curve dose–effect relationship dose–response curve dose–response relationship dot plot double escape peak double exposure double helix double injection double patterning double pulsed-field gradient spin-echo excitation double resonance double-beam spectrometer double-beam spectrometer for luminescence spectroscopy double-focusing mass spectrograph double-focusing mass spectrometer double-labelled protein double-layer double-layer current double-negative cell double-positive cell double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy double-quantum filtered correlation spectroscopy double-strand chain in polymers double-strand copolymer double-strand macromolecule double-strand polymer double-wavelength spectroscopy doublet state doubling time in biotechnology down-time in analysis downconversion downfield downstream in membrane processes downwash in atmospheric chemistry DP, DQ, and DR molecules drainage basin draining lymph node Draize test drift drift current drift tube drift velocity in electricity driving force of a reaction driving force for electron transfer drop time in polarography droplet in atmospheric chemistry dropping mercury electrode Drude–Nernst equation for electrostriction drug drug carrier drug cocktail drug delivery drug delivery system drug design drug distribution drug metabolizing enzyme drug repurposing drug safety drug-eluting stent drug-induced autoimmunity drug-induced lupus drug-likeness drug-specific T cell druggability dry bulb temperature in atmospheric chemistry dry deposition dry development dry etching dry-etch resistance drying agent drying control chemical additive drying gas dual binding site dual fluorescence of systems or molecular species dual substituent-parameter equation dual viewing mode dual-beam profiling dual-mode photochromism dual-tone resist duct ductus arteriosis dummy factor dung fly test duodenum duplicate portion sampling method in diet/food duplicate samples dura mater durability dust in atmospheric chemistry dust collector in atmospheric chemistry dust fall in atmospheric chemistry dusting powder dwell time dye laser dynamer dynamic bioaccessibility dynamic emittance matching dynamic energy budget theory dynamic exclusion dynamic extraction dynamic fields mass spectrometer dynamic headspace analysis dynamic interfacial tension dynamic light scattering dynamic mechanical analyser dynamic mechanical analysis in thermal analysis dynamic membrane formation dynamic NMR dynamic photoadsorption process dynamic quenching dynamic range of an analyser dynamic reaction path dynamic secondary-ion mass spectrometry dynamic spectrum dynamic stability hypothesis dynamic structure factor dynamic surface tension dynamic technique in thermal analysis dynamic thermomechanometry dynamic time warping dynamic viscometer dynamic viscosity dynamic-load thermomechanical analysis dynamically fragile community dynamically robust community dyne dynein dynorphin dyotropic rearrangement dypnones dysaphia dysarthria dysesthesia dysfunction dysgenesis dysgonesis dysgraphia dyskinesia dyslexia dysmenorrhea dysmorphia dysmorphogenesis dysostosis dysphagia dysphasia dysplasia dyspnea dystectic reaction dystonia dystonic reaction ᴅ, ʟ, ᴅʟ three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationships Δ, Λ

E_sum E, Z E/Z photoisomerization endo, exo, syn, antienterythro structures in a polymer erythro, threoearly life stage test early-downhill surface earthworm reproduction test echo time eclampsia eclipsed eclipsing conformation eclipsing strain ecogenetics ecological character ecological energetics ecological epidemiology ecological imbalance ecological mortality ecological parameter ecology ecophysiology ecoregion ecosystem ecotone ecotoxicity ecotoxicologically relevant concentration ecotoxicology ectoderm ectohormone ectoparasiticide ectopia ectopic expression ectopic pregnancy ectrodactyly ectrosyndactyly eczema edaphic eddy eddy dispersion eddy motion edema edge acuity edge effect Edman degradation educt effect effect of a factor effect time effective attenuation length effective bond length effective cadmium cut-off energy in nuclear analytical chemistry effective charge effective chimney height effective concentration effective dose effective half life effective length of the capillary effective molarity effective plate height effective plate number effective radiation-catalytic activity effective theoretical plate number of a chromatographic column effective thermal cross-section effective thickness of diffusion layer effectively infinite thickness in flame spectroscopy effectiveness effector effector cell effects assessment efferent efferent duct effervescent tablet efficacy in receptor pharmacology efficiency of a step efficiency of a counter efficiency of atomization in analytical flame spectroscopy efficiency of nebulization in flame spectrometry efficiency spectrum efflorescence efflorescent effluent effluent in chromatography efflux pump egg eicosanoids eighteen-electron rule einstein Einstein equation Einstein photoelectric equation einzel lens ejaculation ejaculatory duct El-Sayed rules elastic collision elastic peak elastic peak electron spectroscopy elastic scattering in reaction dynamics elastic scattering in spectrochemistry elastic scattering cross section elastically active network chain elasticity elastomer electret electric capacitance electric charge electric coherence length in thin films electric conductance electric conductivity electric conductor electric current electric current density electric dipole moment electric discharge electric displacement electric drift electric field electric mobility electric polarizability electric potential electric potential difference of a galvanic cell electric resistance electric resistivity electric sector in mass spectrometry electrical anharmonicity electrical arc electrical double layer electrical double-layer electrical harmonicity electrical hygrometer electrically conducting polymer electrically conducting polymer composite electrified interphase electro-dialysis electro-endosmosis electro-optic effect electro-optic parameter electro-osmosis electro-osmotic hold-up time in capillary electromigration electro-osmotic mobility in capillary electromigration electro-osmotic pressure electro-osmotic velocity electro-osmotic volume flow electroactive substance electrocapillarity electrocapillary equation electrocatalysis electrochemical biosensor electrochemical cell electrochemical constants electrochemical detection in flowing systems electrochemical detector in gas chromatography electrochemical impedance spectroscopy electrochemical method of detection in analysis electrochemical piezoelectric microgravimetry electrochemical potential electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance electrochemical sensor electrochemiluminescence electrochemiluminescence assay electrochromic effect electrochromic polymer electroclinic polymer electroconvulsive therapy electrocyclic reaction electrode electrode array electrode coverage density electrode current density electrode memory electrode potential electrode process electrode reaction electrode reaction rate constants electrode surface area electrodecantation electrodeposition electroencephalogram electroencephalography electrofluorescence electrofuge electrogenerated chemiluminescence electrographite electrogravimetry electrohydrodynamic ionization electroinjection electrokinetic chromatography electrokinetic injection electrokinetic potential electroluminescence electroluminescent polymer electrolyte electrolytic cell electrolytic hygrometer electromagnetic field electromagnetic field responsive polymer electromagnetic radiation electromagnetic transition electromembrane extraction electromeric effect electromigration electromotive force electromyography electron electron acceptor electron affinity electron attachment electron back-transfer electron beam curing electron beam lithography electron beam resist electron capture electron capture detector in gas chromatography electron capture dissociation electron capture ionization electron charge electron configuration electron correlation electron density electron density function electron detachment electron donor electron emission spectrometry electron energy in mass spectrometry electron energy analyser electron energy loss spectroscopy electron energy loss spectrum electron exchange excitation transfer electron flooding electron impact ionization in mass spectrometry electron inelastic mean free path electron ionization in mass spectrometry electron jump electron kinetic energy electron microscopy electron number density electron number of an electrochemical reaction electron paramagnetic resonance electron probe microanalysis electron probe X-ray microanalysis electron pushing electron rest mass electron retardation electron spectrometer electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis electron stopping power in X-ray emission spectroscopy electron transfer electron transfer photosensitization electron tunneling electron work function electron-beam direct-write lithography electron-counting rules electron-deficient bond electron-deficient compounds electron-deficient molecule electron-donor-acceptor complex electron-pair acceptor electron-pair donor electron-rich molecule electron-transfer catalysis electron-transfer dissociation in proteomics electron-transfer ring-opening metathesis polymerization electron-transfer/higher-energy collision dissociation in proteomics electronation electronegativity electroneurography electroneutrality principle electronic chemical potential electronic configuration electronic effect of substituents: symbols and signs electronic energy migration electronic reference to access in vivo concentrations electronic stability electronic state electronic stopping cross section electronic transition electronically excited state electronvolt electroosmosis electroosmotic velocity electroosmotic volume flow rate electrophile electrophilic chain polymerization electrophilic substitution electrophilicity electrophoresis electrophoresis convection electrophoretic mobility electrophoretic velocity electrophosphorescence electrophotography electrophysiology electroporation electroretinogram electrorheological effect electrosmosis electrospray ionisation in proteomics electrospray laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry electrospray needle electrostacking electrostatic energy analyser electrostatic filter electrostatic precipitator electrostatic stabilisation electrosteric stabilisation electrostriction electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy electrothermal atomizer in spectrochemical analysis electrothermal vaporization electroviscous effects element element effect element of chirality elemental map elemental relative sensitivity factor elementary charge elementary entity elementary particle in nuclear chemistry elementary reaction elevated plus maze elicitation elimination elimination half life elimination rate eliminator of a poison elixir ellipsometry ellipticity eluate eluent elute elution elution band in chromatography elution chromatography elution curve elution mode in counter-current chromatography elution solvent elution time elution volume elutriate elutriate test elutriation emanation thermal analysis embedding embossing embryo embryo transfer embryo transport rate analysis embryogenesis embryoid body embryology embryonic disc embryonic induction embryonic period embryonic stem cell embryotoxicity embryotropic effect emergent properties emesis emetic emission emission in atmospheric chemistry emission and exposure control emission anisotropy emission control equipment in atmospheric chemistry emission flux in atmospheric chemistry emission spectrum emission standard emittance empirical formula emulsifier emulsifier-free emulsion polymerisation emulsion emulsion polymerisation enamines enantioconvergence enantioenriched enantiomer enantiomeric excess enantiomeric groups enantiomeric purity enantiomeric ratio enantiomeric units in a polymer enantiomerically enriched enantiomerically pure enantiomerism enantiomerization enantiomorph enantiomorphous structures in polymers enantiopure enantioselective chromatography enantioselectivity enantiotopic enantiotropic mesophase enantiotropic transition encapsulating emulsion polymerisation encapsulation in catalysis encephalitis encephalocele encephalopathy encounter encounter complex encounter control encounter pair encounter-controlled rate end-capping end-group end-point end-point assay in biomolecular screening end-point error end-to-end distance in polymers end-to-end vector in polymers endemic endemism endergonic reaction endocardial cushion endocardium endochondral ossification endocon endocrine endocrine disrupter endocrine disruptor endocytosis endoderm endoenzymes endogenous endometabolome endometrium endonuclease endoplasmic reticulum endorphin endosome endothelial endothelium endotherm endothermic reaction endotoxin endpoint of toxicity endpoint assessment ene reaction enemas energized species energy energy of a radiation energy band energy band theory energy dispersion in emission spectrometry energy dispersive detector energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis energy edge energy flux density energy gap energy gradient energy hypersurface energy level of a free atom, ion or molecule energy migration energy of activation energy of activation of an electrode reaction energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy pooling energy profile energy resolution in radiochemistry energy storage efficiency energy threshold in radiochemistry energy transfer in photochemistry energy transfer plot in photochemistry energy yield of luminescence enforced concerted mechanism enhanced elastic cross section enhanced phosphorescence analysis in luminescence spectroscopy enhancement reaction in analytical chemistry enhancer enhancing antibody enkephalin enolates enols enophile enoses enrichment factor in liquid-liquid distribution enrichment, isotopic entanglement in polymer science entanglement network entatic state enteric coating entering group enteritis enterohepatic circulation enterotoxin enthalpimetric analysis enthalpimetric flow injection analysis enthalpimetric titration enthalpimetry enthalpogram enthalpy enthalpy of activation enthalpy of immersion enthalpy of polymerisation enthalpy of wetting enthalpy relaxation entitic entitic quantity entrainment in atmospheric chemistry entrainment in photochemistry entrance channel entropy entropy of activation entropy of polymerisation entropy unit envelope conformation environment environmental assessment environmental availability environmental bioavailability environmental damage environmental epidemiology environmental exposure level environmental factor environmental fate environmental health environmental health criteria documents environmental health impact assessment environmental hygiene environmental impact assessment environmental impact statement environmental medicine environmental monitoring environmental protection environmental quality objective environmental quality standard environmental risk analysis environmental risk assessment environmental security environmental stress cracking environmental transformation environmental transport environmentally degradable polymer environmentally friendly enzootic enzymatic decomposition enzymatic degradation enzyme activator enzyme activity enzyme conjugate enzyme induction in general chemistry enzyme induction in medicinal chemistry enzyme inhibitor enzyme repression enzyme substrate electrode enzyme thermistor enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay enzyme-linked immunospot assay enzyme-modified electrode enzymes enzymic decomposition eosinophil eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis eotaxin epaxial ependymal tissue ependymoma epi-phase epibenthic epiblast epicadmium neutrons epicardium epidemiology epidermis epididymal appendix epididymis epidural epifauna epigastric epigenetic epihalohydrins epilepsy epileptiform epimerization epimers epiphyseal plate episodic epispadias epistasis episulfonium ions epitaxial crystallization epitaxy epithalamus epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition epithelioma epithelium epithermal neutrons epitope epitope mapping epitope retrieval epitope spreading epizootic epoxide hydrolase epoxides epoxy compounds epoxy polymer Epstein–Barr virus equalization of electronegativity, principle of equatorial equilibration equilibrium equilibrium assay equilibrium association constant equilibrium constant equilibrium control equilibrium dialysate equilibrium dissociation constant equilibrium distance in a molecule equilibrium electrode potential equilibrium film equilibrium geometry equilibrium isotope effect equilibrium melting temperature equilibrium moisture content equilibrium partitioning equilibrium partitioning approach equilibrium reaction equilibrium sedimentation equilibrium sedimentation in a density gradient equilibrium sedimentation method equilibrium solubility equilibrium solution equivalence in immunology equivalence point equivalence postulate in polymer chemistry equivalence zone equivalence-point equivalent chain in polymers equivalent diameter equivalent entity equivalent freely jointed chain equivalent hydrodynamic radius equivalent hydrodynamic volume equivalent particle diameter erectile dysfunction erg ergotism Ernst angle erosion erosion rate of a surface error of measurement errors-in-variables regression erythema erythroblastosis fetalis erythrocyte erythropoiesis erythropoietin ESCA escape depth for surface analysis techniques eschar Esin and Markov coefficient essential nutrient esters estimated daily intake estimated environmental concentration estimated exposure concentration estimated exposure dose estimated maximum daily intake estradiol estriol estrogen estrogen-mimetic estrogenic estrous cycle estrus estrus syndrome estuarine estuary ET-value etch etch rate ethers etiologic agent etiology euatmotic reaction Euclidean distance euglobulin eukaryote Euler–Lotka equation eupeptide bond euphoria euploid European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances eutectic reaction eutectoid reaction eutherian eutonic reaction eutrophic eutrophication eutrophy evaluation data evaluation function evanescent wave Evans hole evaporation even-electron ion even-electron rule eventration evocation evoked potential evoked response evolution in biology evolved gas analysis evolved gas detection evolving factor analysis Ewens–Bassett number exa exact mass examinand examination examination accuracy examination bias examination calibration examination calibrator examination error examination method examination precision examination principle examination procedure examination repeatability examination reproducibility examination result examination standard examination traceability examination trueness examination uncertainty examinational comparability of examination results examinational compatibility of examination results examined value examining system excess acidity excess lifetime risk excess mass at a solid/liquid interface excess Rayleigh ratio excess scattering excess volume at a solid/liquid interface exchange current of an electrode reaction exchange diffusion exchange extraction exchange integral exchange labelling exchange repulsion exchange spectroscopy exchange transfusion exchange-inversion transition excimer excimer lamp excimer laser excimer-luminescence in luminescence quenching excipient in toxicology exciplex exciplex-luminescence in luminescence quenching excitable cell excitation excitation energy excitation energy in in situ microanalysis excitation level in X-ray spectroscopy excitation profile excitation sculpting excitation spectrum excitation transfer excitation-emission spectrum excitatory post-synaptic potential excited state exciton exciton absorption exciton annihilation exciton diffusion exciton dissociation exciton mean free path exciton–phonon coupling excitotoxicity excluded volume of a macromolecule in polymers excluded volume of a segment in polymers exclusion chromatography excretion excretion rate excurrent exencephaly exergonic reaction exfoliated graphite exfoliation exhaustive extraction exit channel exitance exo exocon exocrine exocytosis exoenzymes exogenous exogenous deoxyribonucleic acid exometabolome exomphalos exon exonuclease exophthalmia exothelium exothermic reaction exotoxin expansion factor in polymers expectation value expected environmental concentration expected life span expected value experimental absorbance experimental design experimental ecosystem experimental perturbational calculation experimental scattered-ion intensity expert system explanatory variable explant explicit solvent exploitation competition exploratory data analysis explosivity limits exponential decay exponential growth exposed exposed group in epidemiology exposure in medicinal chemistry exposure in photochemistry exposure in nuclear chemistry exposure exposure assessment exposure characterisation in ecological risk assessment exposure latitude exposure limit exposure pathway exposure profile in ecology exposure ratio exposure scenario exposure surface exposure test expressed sequence tag expression in biotechnology expression proteomics exstrophy extended connectivity fingerprints extended Hammett equation extended Hückel MO method extended X-ray absorption fine structure extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy extended-chain crystal in polymers extender extensive quantity extent at of an interface (surface)extent of electron delocalization extent of reaction external calibration external compensation external field external genitalia external heavy atom effect external ion return external ion-pair return external photoelectric effect external quantum efficiency external quantum yield external reflection spectroscopy external return external standard in chromatography external standardization for quenching correction external surface external validity exterplex extinction extinction coefficient extinction probability extra risk extra-column volume in chromatography extracellular matrix extracellular space extracellular volume extract extract extractability in solvent extraction extractant extracted ion chromatogram extracted ion electropherogram extracted ion profile extracting agent extraction extraction in process liquid-liquid distribution extraction coefficient extraction constant extraction factor extraction field extraction fractionation of polymers extraction isotherm extraction phase extraction process in catalysis extraction rate extraction ratio extractive distillation extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry extractor voltage in secondary ion mass spectrometry extraembryonic membrane extraembryonic mesoderm extraneous residue limit extraordinary wave extrapolated range in radiochemistry extrapolation extrapolation factor extrapyramidal movement disorders extravasation extreme ultraviolet lithography extremophiles extrinsic absorption of solid photocatalysts extrinsic defect extrinsic pathway extrinsic plasmon extrinsic semiconductor extrusion transformation exudate π-electron acceptor/donor group ρσ-equation

f number f-functional branch point fac-F centres f-functional branch unit F(ab')2 fragment F1 generation Fab fragment fabric filter facial cleft facies facilitated diffusion facilitation factor factor analysis factor level factor-group splitting fall time fallopian tube fallout in atmospheric chemistry false negative false positive falx familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis fanning in atmospheric chemistry farad faradaic current faradaic current density faradaic demodulation current faradaic rectification current Faraday constant Faraday cup collector Faraday’s laws of electrolysis farmer’s lung Fas fasciculation fast atom bombardment ionization fast coagulation rate fast coagulation rate coefficient fast field cycling NMR relaxometry fast follower fast ion bombardment fast neutrons fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry fast-atom bombardment secondary ion mass spectrometry fast-dissolving tablet fate fatigue of a photochromic system fatty acids fatty acyls Fc fragment Fc receptor Fd fragment feasibility study fecundation fecundity fecundity selection feed feed rate in catalysis feed-back inhibition in biotechnology feedback in analysis feedback in kinetics female fertility female fertility index feminization femto fenestranes Fenton reaction fermentation fermenter fermi Fermi energy Fermi level Fermi level referencing Fermi level splitting Fermi resonance fermion feromone ferredoxin ferrimagnetic transition ferrocenophanes ferroelastic transition ferroelectric polymer ferroelectric transition ferroic transition ferromagnetic polymer ferromagnetic transition fertile in radioanalytical chemistry fertilisation effect fertiliser fertility Fertility Assessment by Continuous Breeding fertility toxicant fertilization fetal alcohol syndrome fetal anatomic position fetal antigens fetal pole fetal tolerance FETAX fetoscopy fetotoxicity fetus fibre format fibrillar morphology fibrillation fibrinolysis fibrinolytic fibroblast fibroblast growth factor fibrosis fibrous activated carbon fibrous carbon fibrous crystal in polymers in polymers fiducial group fiducial limit field desorption in mass spectrometry field effect field effect phototransistor field ionization in mass spectrometry field level field-effect transistor field-flow fractionation field-free region field-induced migration filamentous carbon fill factor of a solar cell filler filler coke filling solution of a reference electrode film film badge in radioanalytical chemistry film element film tension filter filter of a radiation filter spectrometer filtration final acute value final chronic value final energy state finding of no significant impact fine structure constant finesse of a spectrometer finger tapping test fingerprint fingerprint bands fingerprint region fingerprinting in metabolomics finite rate of increase first line of defence first stability region first-in-class first-order chemical reaction first-order phase transition first-pass effect Fischer projection Fischer–Rosanoff convention Fischer–Tollens projection fish acute toxicity syndromes fish embryo test fish reproduction assay fish sexual development test fissile in radioanalytical chemistry fission fragment ionization in mass spectrometry fission fragments fission neutrons fission products fission yield fissionable fistula fitness fitness advantage fitness cost fitness for purpose fitting equation fixed dose procedure fixed ions fixed neutral loss scan in mass spectrometry fixed neutral loss spectrum in mass spectrometry fixed precursor ion scan in mass spectrometry fixed precursor ion spectrum fixed product ion scan in mass spectrometry fixed product ion spectrum in mass spectrometry flaccid flagpole flame in flame atomic spectroscopy flame atomic spectrometer flame atomic spectroscopy flame ionization detector in gas chromatography flame photometric detector in gas chromatography flame photometry flame-in-tube atomizer in spectrochemical analysis flammable limits flash desorption flash fluorimetry flash lamps flash photolysis flash point flash vacuum pyrolysis flat band potential at a semiconductor/solution interphase flat bands flavans flavins flavones flavonoids flavonolignans flavoproteins flavylium salts flip angle floating monolayer floc flocculation flocculation rate coefficient floccule floor temperature Flory–Fox assumption Flory–Fox equation Flory–Huggins theory flotation flow analysis flow birefringence flow cytometry flow cytometry assay flow enthalpimetry flow field-flow fractionation flow injection flow injection enthalpimetry flow injection mass spectrometry flow rate in chromatography flow rate in flame emission and absorption spectrometry flow rate of a quantity flow rate of unburnt gas mixture in flame emission and absorption spectrometry flow reactor flow resistance parameter in chromatography flow spoiler flow-programmed chromatography flow-through extraction flow-through solid-phase spectrometry flow-through system flow-through test fluctuating asymmetry flue gas in atmospheric chemistry flue gas scrubber in atmospheric chemistry fluence fluence rate fluid coke fluid feeder fluidity fluidized bed fluorescein isothiocyanate fluoresceins fluorescence fluorescence correlation assay fluorescence error in spectrochemical analysis fluorescence excitation of X-rays fluorescence lifetime fluorescence polarisation fluorescence polarisation assay fluorescence resonance energy transfer fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay fluorescence yield fluorescence-activated cell sorting fluorescent in situ hybridization fluorescent antibody fluorimeter fluorocarbons fluorogenic fluorohydrins fluorophilic fluorophilic interaction fluorophobic fluorophobic interaction fluorophore fluoropolymers fluorosis fluorous fluorous extraction flux of a quantity flux depression flux monitor flux of a beam of particles flux perturbation fluxional fluxomics fly ash in atmospheric chemistry fMLP peptide foam foam fractionation foamed polyurethane sorbent foaming agent focal plane detector focal unit foci in neoplasia focused ion beam focused ion beam system foetus fog fog horizon in atmospheric chemistry folates fold in polymer crystals fold domain in polymer crystals fold period fold plane in polymer crystals fold surface in polymer crystals foldamer folded-chain crystal in polymers folding in spectroscopy folic acid follicle follicle-stimulating hormone follicle-stimulating hormone releasing hormone follicular atresia follicular dendritic cell follicular phase follow-on drug fontanelle food additive food allergy food chain food intolerance food web food-mass feeder foot footpad test footprinting in metabolomics foramen foramen magnum foramen ovale forbidden line in X-ray spectroscopy force force constants force field force-field calculation forced diuresis forced sinusoidal oscillation foreign body reaction foreign-gas broadening formal charge formal electrode potential formamidine disulfides formation constant formazans formulation Forssman antigen Förster cycle Förster excitation transfer Förster-resonance-energy transfer forward chaining forward genetics forward geometry forward library search forward scattering forward stepwise linear discriminant analysis fossa fossa ovalis fossil fossil fuel fouling in membrane processes fouling agent in catalysis founder effect Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer Fourier transform spectrometer Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy Fourier-transform mass spectrometry Fourier-transform Raman spectroscopy Fourier-transform spectroscopy Foxp3 fractal agglomerate fractal dimension fraction fraction collector in chromatography fraction extracted fractional change of a quantity fractional ion yield fractional selectivity in catalysis fractional sputtering yield fractional-factorial design fractionation of analytes fractionation of polymers fragile glass fragility index fragment fragment ion in mass spectrometry fragment keys fragment-based lead discovery fragmentation fragmentation reaction in mass spectrometry frame-shift mutation framework region Franck–Condon factor Franck–Condon principle Franck–Condon state franklin free charge carriers free charge density on the interface free charge-carrier photogeneration free electron laser free electrons free energy free energy perturbation free induction decay free ion in a condensed phase free ion activity model free oscillation free radical free rotation free spectral range free spiro union free volume free-draining free-running laser freely draining freely jointed chain in polymers freely rotating chain in polymers freezing freezing out in atmospheric chemistry frequency in photochemistry frequency frequency distribution frequency doubling frequency-domain fluorometry frequent hitter Fresnel reflection FRET Freund’s adjuvant Freundlich adsorption isotherm friction coefficient friction factor frictional coefficient in polymer chemistry fringe field fringed-micelle model in polymer crystals front surface geometry in luminescence frontal chromatography frontal lobe frontier orbitals fronting in chromatography frontonasal dysplasia frontotemporal dementia frost point hygrometer froth flotation Frumkin effect frustrated Lewis acid-base pair frustration fucolipid fuel cycle fuel element fuel reprocessing fugacity fugacity coefficient fulgides full energy peak full width at half maximum full width at half maximum full-evaporation headspace analysis full-factorial design fullerenes fulminates fulvalenes fulvenes fulvic acid fume in atmospheric chemistry fumes fumigant fumigation in atmospheric chemistry functional assay functional class fingerprints functional class name functional domain functional genomics functional group functional observational battery functional parent functional polymer functional proteomics functional redundancy functional response functionality of a monomer fundamental absorption of solid photocatalysts fundamental absorption edge of solid photocatalysts fundamental niche fundus fungicide fungus preparation furan polymer furanocoumarins furanoses furnace black furnace pyrolysis in spectrochemical analysis furocoumarins fused in sarcoma transcription factor fusion in biotechnology fusion name fuzzy clustering Fv fragment

G value in nuclear chemistry G-fold cross validation g-factor g′-factor g index in G-SIMS G protein G protein-coupled receptor G-SIMS G-SIMS with fragmentation pathway mapping GABAergic Gaia hypothesis gain of a photomultiplier gall bladder Galvani potential difference galvanic cell galvanic corrosion galvanostat gamete gamete intrafallopian transfer gametic selection gametocide gametogenesis gamma relaxation gamma relaxation peak gamma-ray spectrometry gammaglobulin ganglion ganglion cell ganglioside gargle gas analysis installation in atmospheric chemistry gas black gas chromatography gas chromatography-mass spectrometry gas constant gas flow in thermal analysis gas laser gas sensing electrode gas-filled phototube gas-filled X-ray detector gas-liquid chromatography gas-phase acidity gas-phase basicity gas-phase-grown carbon fibres gas-solid chromatography gaseous diffusion separator in atmospheric chemistry gastric emptying rate gastric parietal cell gastroenteritis gastrointestinal gastrointestinal excretion gastroschisis gastrula gastrulation gate delay in laser induced breakdown spectroscopy gated decoupling gated photochromism gated photodetector gauche gauche conformation in polymers gauche effect gauss Gaussian band Gaussian band shape Gaussian orbital gavage GD-OES spectrometers with simultaneous detection Geiger counter Geiger–Muller counter tube gel gel aging gel electrophoresis in proteomics gel fraction gel microparticle gel nanoparticle gel permeation chromatography gel point gel time gelation gelation temperature Gell and Coombs classification geminate ion pair geminate pair geminate recombination gene gene amplification gene expression gene knockout gene library gene manipulation gene map gene product gene rearrangement gene silencing gene targeting gene therapy general acid catalysis general acid–base catalysis general adaptation syndrome general base catalysis general force field generalized transition-state theory generally labelled tracer generally regarded as safe generation in a dendron generation time in biotechnology generator coupling efficiency in inductively-coupled plasma spectrometry generic genetic adaptation genetic algorithm genetic code genetic drift genetic engineering genetic epidemiology genetic hitchhiking genetic polymorphism genetic recombination genetic risk genetic susceptibility genetic toxicology genetically modified organism genital genital fold genital organ genital tract genital tubercle genitalia genome genomics genotoxic genotype genotype genus geographic information system geometric attenuation geometric isomerism geometric mean geometric surface area geometrical equivalence in polymers geometry in radioanalytical chemistry geometry factor in radioanalytical chemistry germ cell gene mutation assay germ layer germ line germ line cell germ-free germ-free animal germinal aplasia germinal center germylenes germylidenes gestation gestation index gestation period giant axon giant axonal neuropathy giant cell Gibbs adsorption Gibbs dividing surface Gibbs energy Gibbs energy diagram Gibbs energy of activation Gibbs energy of photoinduced electron transfer Gibbs energy of repulsion Gibbs energy of transfer Gibbs energy profile Gibbs film elasticity Gibbs surface Gibbs–Duhem equation Gibbs–Konovalov equations giga gigantism gland glans glans clitoridis glans penis glass glass electrode error glass laser glass pH-sensitive electrode glass transition glass-like carbon glass-transition temperature glassy carbon electrode glassy state glaucoma glia glial cell glial fibrillary acidic protein glial-derived neurotrophic factor glioblastoma glioma global analysis global distillation global fractionation global model global warming globally optimized alternating-phase rectangular pulses globoside globular-chain crystal in polymers globule globule-to-coil transition glomerular glomerular filtration glomerular filtration rate glomerulonephritis glomerulonephropathy glomerulus glove box glow discharge ionization glow discharge source glow electric discharge glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy glucocorticoid glucuronide glue-sniffing glutamate glutamate-induced excitotoxicity glutamic acid decarboxylase gluten glycals glycan microarray glycan profiling glycan-binding protein glycans glycaric acids glycerides glycerolipids glycerophospholipid glycerophospholipids glycitols glyco-amino-acid glycoconjugate glycoform glycogene glycoglycerolipid glycolipid glycolipids glycols glycolysis glycome glycomics glycone glyconic acids glycopeptides glycoprotein glycoproteins glycoproteomics glycosamines glycosaminoglycan glycoses glycosidase glycoside glycosides glycosidic linkage glycosphingolipid glycosyl glycosyl group glycosyl-amino-acid glycosylamines glycosylation glycosyltransferase glycuronic acids gnotobiota gnotobiote goiter goitrogen gold electrode Golgi staining gonad gonadotropic gonadotropin gonadotropin-releasing hormone good agricultural practice in the use of pesticides good laboratory practice good laboratory practice principles good manufacturing practice Goodpasture syndrome Gouy layer in electrochemistry gp120 Graafian follicle grab sampling graded effect gradient gradient elution in chromatography gradient layer in chromatography gradient packing gradient-selected experiment gradientless reactor in catalysis gradual potential-energy surface graft copolymer graft copolymerization graft homopolymer graft macromolecule graft polymer graft rejection graft-versus-host disease graft-versus-host reaction grafting in catalysis grafting in polymer chemistry gram Gram stain graminicide granular carbon granulation granule cell granules granulocyte granulocyte colony-stimulating factor granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor granulocytopenia granuloma granulosa granzyme graph-based method graphene graphene layer graphite graphite electrode graphite fibres graphite material graphite whiskers graphitic carbon graphitizable carbon graphitization graphitization heat treatment graphitized carbon grasshopper effect Graves disease gravimetric analysis gravimetric factor gravimetric method gravitational constant gravitational field-flow fractionation gray grazing incidence grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering analysis greater omentum green body green chemistry green coke green polymer greenhouse effect in atmospheric chemistry greenhouse gases grey matter gridless reflectron Grignard reagents Grimm-type cathode grist grit in atmospheric chemistry groove binding in deoxyribonucleic acid ground level concentration in atmospheric chemistry ground level inversion in atmospheric chemistry ground state ground treatment of plants group group electronegativity group frequency group preconcentration in trace analysis group-transfer polymerization growth growth curve of activity growth dilution growth factor growth hormone growth hormone releasing factor growth rate in biotechnology Grunwald–Winstein equation guard band gubernaculum guest guideline for exposure limits guideline value guides to air quality guides to environmental quality guild in ecology Guillain–Barré syndrome guinea pig maximization test Guinier plot gustiness in atmospheric chemistry gut-associated lymphoid tissue hybrid material γ-aminobutyric acid γ-aminobutyric acid receptor γ-cascade γ-interferon γ:δ T cell γ:δ T-cell receptor

hexaprismo- in inorganic nomenclature hexahedro- in inorganic nomenclature hypho-H-2 H-2 complex H(CCO)NH Haber–Weiss reaction habitat habituation Hadamard transform spectrometer haem hairy cell leukemia halato-telechelic polymer halatopolymer half life half life of a radionuclide half thickness in radiochemistry half width at half maximum half width at half maximum half-chair half-life of a photochromic system half-life of a transient entity half-peak potential half-value thickness half-wave potential half-width of a band halirenium ions hallucination halochromism haloforms halogen bond halohydrins halonium ions halophiles hamiltonian operator Hammett acidity function Hammett equation Hammond principle Hammond–Herkstroeter plot handedness Hansch analysis Hansch constant Hansch equation Hansch–Fujita π-constant Hantzsch–Widman name haploid haplotype hapten haptenic hapticity hapto hard acid hard amorphous carbon films hard bake hard base hard ionization hard water hard-segment phase domain hard-sphere collision cross section hardness Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium harm harmful occupational factor harmful substance harmonic approximation harmonic constant harmonic frequency generation harmonic mean harpoon mechanism hartree Hartree energy Hashimoto thyroiditis hashing Haworth representation hay fever hazard hazard assessment hazard communication standard hazard evaluation hazard identification hazard index hazard quotient hazardous concentration hazardous production factor haze in atmospheric chemistry haze horizon in atmospheric chemistry HBA solvent HBD solvent HBHA(CO)NH HCCH-COSY HCCH-TOCSY head-tail isomerism headache headspace headspace solid-phase microextraction health health advisory level health hazard health surveillance health-based exposure limit healthy worker effect heart-cut separations heat heat capacity heat capacity of activation heat flux heat of polymerisation heat shock proteins heat-flow differential scanning calorimetry heavy atom effect heavy atom isotope effect heavy chain heavy metal heavy water hecto hedrite height equivalent to a theoretical plate in chromatography height equivalent to an effective theoretical plate in chromatography helical polymer helicenes helicity heliochromism helion helium dead-space in colloid and surface chemistry helium ionization detector in gas chromatography helium–cadmium laser helium–neon laser helix helix pitch helix residue in a polymer helix sense Helmholtz energy helper T lymphocyte hemagglutination hemagglutinin hemal hemangioma hematemesis hematoma hematopoiesis hematopoietic stem cell hematotoxicity hematuria heme hemes hemi-micelle hemiacetal hemiacetals hemiaminals hemicarceplex hemicarcerand hemiketal hemiketals hemileptic hemimelia hemins hemiplegia hemivertebra hemochromatosis hemochromes hemodialysis hemoglobins hemoglobinuria hemolysin hemolysis hemolytic anemia hemolytic disease of the newborn hemoperfusion hemorrhage hemosiderin hen test Henderson–Hasselbalch equation henry Henry's law Henry’s law constant Henry’s law solubility constant Henry’s law solubility constant (via b and p) defined via molality and partial pressure Henry’s law solubility constant (via c and p) defined via amount concentration and partial pressure Henry’s law solubility constant (via x and p) defined via liquid-phase amount fraction and partial pressure Henry’s law volatility constant Henry’s law volatility constant (via p and c) defined via partial pressure and amount concentration Henry’s law volatility constant (via p and w)Henry’s law volatility constant (via p and x)heparin-induced thrombocytopenia hepatic hepatic flexure hepatosplenomegaly hepatotoxic herbicide hereditary angioneurotic edema Herkstroeter plot hermaphrodite hermaphroditism hernia herpes Hershberger bioassay hertz Herz compounds hetarenes hetaryl groups hetarynes heteroalkenes heteroantigen heteroarenes heteroaryl groups heteroarynes heterobimetallic complex heterochain polymer heterocoagulation heteroconjugation heterocumulenes heterocyclic compounds heterocyclyl groups heterodetic cyclic peptide heterodisperse heteroepitaxy heteroexcimer heterogeneity in analytical chemistry heterogeneous assay heterogeneous binding assay heterogeneous catalysis heterogeneous catalysis coordination polymerization heterogeneous crystalline membrane electrodes heterogeneous crystalline membrane ion-selective electrode heterogeneous degradation heterogeneous diffusion rate constant in electrochemistry heterogeneous membrane electrode heterogeneous nucleation heterogeneous photocatalysis heterogeneous radiation catalysis heterojunction heteroleptic heterologous antibody heterologous antigen heterolysis heterolytic bond-dissociation energy heterolytic dissociative adsorption heteronuclear decoupling heteronuclear multiple bond correlation NMR heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation over two bonds heteronuclear multiple-quantum correlation NMR heteronuclear multiple-quantum correlation with additional TOCSY transfer heteronuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy heteronuclear shift correlation NMR heteronuclear single quantum correlation heteronuclear single quantum correlation with additional TOCSY transfer heteronuclear single quantum multiple-bond correlation heterophagy heterophile antibody heterophile antigen heteropolysaccharide heterotactic macromolecule heterotactic polymer heterotactic triads in polymers heterotherm heterotopic heterotroph heterotrophic heterotrophic succession heterovalent hyperconjugation heterozygote heterozygote advantage heterozygous hexagonal graphite hexagonal mesophase Heyrovský–Ilkovič equation hiatal hernia hidden layer hidden return hierarchical clustering high endothelial venule high resolution energy loss spectroscopy high throughput in biomolecular screening high-content screening assay high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry high-mobility group box protein high-pass filter high-performance liquid chromatography assay high-pressure graphitization high-pressure mercury lamp high-speed counter-current chromatography high-spin high-throughput screening higher-energy collision dissociation in proteomics higher-order system higher-order transition highly active antiretroviral therapy highly oriented pyrolytic graphite highly oriented pyrolytic graphite electrode Hilbert transforms of a spectrum Hildebrand parameter Hill plot hindered rotation hinge region hipping hippocampal slice culture hippocampus Hirschsprung syndrome hirsutism histamine histaminergic histaminosis histocompatibility histogenic origin histoincompatibility histology histones histopathology hit hit expansion hit rate hit threshold hit-and-run effect hit-to-lead chemistry hives HN(CA)CO HN(CO)CA HNCA HNCO Hodgkin disease Hoffman–Weeks plot Hofmann rule hold-back carrier hold-up time in chromatography hold-up volume in chromatography hold-up volume in column chromatography hole hole burning hole transfer hole-transporting material hollow fibre hollow-cathode discharge source hollow-cathode lamp hollow-fibre liquid-phase microextraction holoblastic cleavage holoenzyme holoprosencephaly Holtsmark broadening of a spectral line homeobox homeobox gene homeosis homeostasis homing homing receptor homo homoaromatic homochain polymer homochiral homocoagulation homoconjugation homocyclic compounds homocytotropic antibody homodesmotic reaction homodetic cyclic peptide homoepitaxy homogeneity in analytical chemistry homogeneous assay homogeneous binding assay homogeneous catalysis homogeneous catalysis coordination polymerization homogeneous crystalline membrane electrodes homogeneous crystalline membrane ion-selective electrode homogeneous degradation homogeneous line-broadening homogeneous membrane electrode homogeneous micellisation nucleation homogeneous nucleation homogeneous nucleus homogeneous particle homogeneous photocatalysis homogeneous polymer blend homogeneous precipitation homogeneous radiation catalysis homojunction homoleptic homologous homologous polymer blend homologous recombination homology in biology homology model homolysis homolytic dissociative adsorption homomorphic homonuclear decoupling homopolymer homopolymer isomorphism homopolymerization homopolysaccharide homopropagation homotopic homozygote homozygous honey bee larval toxicity test honeycomb polymer film hopping transport horizontal elution in planar chromatography hormesis hormone horror autotoxicus Horwitz equation Horwitz ratio host in biotechnology host defense host response host-resistance assay host-vector system hot atom hot cell hot electron hot ground state reaction hot quartz lamp hot state reaction hot transition hour Hückel (4n + 2) rule Hückel molecular orbital theory Huggins coefficient Huggins equation Huisgen reaction hula-twist mechanism human chorionic somatomammotropin human ecology human equivalent dose human exposure threshold of toxicological concern Human Genome Project human immunodeficiency virus human leukocyte antigen human leukocyte antigen polymorphism human leukocyte antigen type I human leukocyte antigen type II humanized antibody humic substances humidity in atmospheric chemistry humoral humoral immune response humoral immunity Hund rules Huntington disease Hush model Hutchinsonian niche hybrid hybrid artificial organ hybrid latex hybrid mass spectrometer hybrid orbital hybrid polymer hybridization hybridization assay hybridoma hydatidiform mole hydranencephaly hydrate hydration hydrazide hydrazones hydrazide imides hydrazides hydrazidines hydrazines hydrazinylidenes hydrazo compounds hydrazones hydrazonic acids hydride hydro hydrocarbon cracking hydrocarbons hydrocarbyl groups hydrocarbylene groups hydrocarbylidene groups hydrocarbylidyne groups hydrocarbylsulfanyl nitrenes hydrocele hydrocephalus hydrocracking unit hydrodynamic chromatography hydrodynamic injection hydrodynamic interaction hydrodynamic voltammetry hydrodynamic volume in polymers hydrodynamically equivalent sphere in polymers hydrogel hydrogen hydrogen bond hydrogen bond in theoretical organic chemistry hydrogen gas electrode hydrogen shifts hydrogen/deuterium exchange hydrolase hydrolases hydrolysis hydrolysis ratio hydrometeor in atmospheric chemistry hydromicrocephaly hydromyelia hydron hydronation hydronephrosis hydroperoxides hydrophile-lipophile balance system hydrophilic hydrophilic interaction hydrophilic-interaction liquid chromatography hydrophilicity hydrophobic hydrophobic fragmental constant hydrophobic interaction hydrophobic-interaction chromatography hydrophobicity hydropolysulfides hydrops hydrosphere in atmospheric chemistry hydrosulfides hydroureter hydroxamic acids hydroximic acids hydroxylamines hygiene hygroma hygrometer hygrometry hygroscopicity hymen hyoid arch hypaxial hyper-hyper-Raman spectroscopy hyperalimentation hyperbilirubinemia hyperbranched macromolecule hyperbranched oligomer hyperbranched oligomer molecule hyperbranched polymer hypercalcemia hypercapnia hyperchromic effect hyperconjugation hypercoordination hyperemia hyperesthesia hyperextension hyperfine hyperfine coupling hyperflexion hypergammaglobulinemia hyperglycemia hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome hyperkalemia hyperlayer focusing field-flow fractionation hypernatremia hyperparathyroidism hyperplasia hyperpolarizability of nth order hyperpolarization hyperreactivity hyperreflexia hypersatellite in X-ray spectroscopy hypersensitivity hypersensitivity pneumonitis hypersensitization hyperspectral imaging hypersusceptibility hypertelorism hypertension hypertonia hypertrophy hypervalency hypervariable region hypervitaminosis hyphenated mass spectrometry technique hypnotic hypo-hypo-phase hypoblast hypocalcemia hypocapnia hypochromic effect hypogammaglobulinemia hypogonadism hypokalemia hypomagnesemia hyponatremia hypophysectomy hypoplasia hyporeflexia hyposensitization therapy hypospadias hypotension hypothalamus hypotonia hypovolemic hypoxemia hypoxia hypoxic hypsochromic shift hysteresis η in inorganic nomenclature

in vitro estrogen activity assay in vitro fertilization in-vivo neutron activation analysis icosahedro-in situ composite formation in situ micro-X-ray diffraction in situ microanalysis in vitroin vivoipso-attack Ia antigen iatrogenic IC ichthyosis icosanoids ICT icterus ictus ideal adsorbed state ideal binary copolymerisation ideal chromatography ideal copolymerisation ideal crystalline chain conformation ideal dilute solution ideal gas ideal mixture ideal, non-linear chromatography ideally polarized interphase ideally unpolarized interphase identical twins identity period identity period of a polymer identity reaction idiopathic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura idiosyncrasy idiosyncratic drug reaction idiotype idiotype network ileocecal ileum iliac artery Ilkovič equation illuminance image in lithography image blur image converter tube image current detection image depth profile image dissection tube image-based assay imaginary NMR spectrum imaging imaging mass spectrometry imbalance imbibition in colloid chemistry imenes imides imidic acids imidines imidogens imidonium ions imidoyl carbenes imidoyl nitrenes imin imine radical imines iminium compounds iminium ion imino acids imino carbenes iminooxy radicals iminoxyl radicals iminyl carbenes iminyl radicals iminylium ions immature in immunology immediate-release tablet immediate-type hypersensitivity immediately-dangerous-to-life-or-health-concentration immersion fluid immersion lithography immersion solid-phase microextraction immersional wetting immiscibility immiscible polymer blend immission in atmospheric chemistry immission dose in atmospheric chemistry immission flux in atmospheric chemistry immission rate in atmospheric chemistry immobile adsorption immobilised metal ion affinity-based fluorescence polarisation assay immobilization in biotechnology immobilization by adsorption immobilization by inclusion immobilized enzyme immobilized phase in chromatography immobilized stationary phase in chromatography immune adherence immune complex immune complex deposition immune complex disease immune cytolysis immune deviation immune elimination immune enhancement immune equilibrium immune escape immune evasion immune modulation immune regulation immune reserve hypothesis immune response immune response genes immune response-associated protein immune surveillance immune system immunity immunization immunoactivation immunoactivator immunoadsorption immunoassay immunoblot immunoblotting immunochemical specificity immunochemistry immunocompetence immunocomplex immunocompromised immunoconjugate immunocytokine immunodeficiency immunodominant epitope immunodysregulation–polyendocrinopathy–enteropathy, X-linked immunoediting immunoelectrophoresis immunofluorescence immunogen immunogenicity immunoglobulin immunoglobulin A immunoglobulin class immunoglobulin D immunoglobulin E immunoglobulin E-binding Fc receptors immunoglobulin E-mediated hypersensitivity immunoglobulin G immunoglobulin gene superfamily immunoglobulin M immunoglobulin or T-cell receptor lymphocyte repertoire immunoglobulin superfamily immunoglobulin Y immunohistochemistry immunological ignorance immunological incompetence immunological memory immunological synapse immunological tolerance immunologically privileged site immunology immunomagnetic separation immunomodulation immunopathology immunopathy immunopharmacology immunophenotyping immunophilin immunopotentiation immunoprecipitate immunoprecipitation immunoradiometric assay immunoreactivity immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif immunosensitivity immunosensitizer immunosensor immunosorbents immunostimulating complex immunostimulation immunosuppressant immunosuppression immunosuppressive immunosurveillance immunotherapy immunotoxic immunotoxicant immunotoxicity immunotoxicology immunotoxin impact energy impact ionization in a semiconductor impact parameter impact-modified polymer impaction impedance impedimetry imperforate anus impermeable impingement impinger implant implantation implanted areic dose imposex imprecision in analysis impregnation in polymer chemistry impregnation in chromatography imprint lithography imprinting in genetics improper rotation axis improved canonical variational transition-state theory impulsive reaction in silico in-house reference material in-laboratory processing in analytical chemistry in-line extraction in-needle capillary adsorption trap in-out isomerism in-scattering in-source collision-induced dissociation in-syringe microextraction in-tube solid-phase microextraction inaccuracy in analysis inactivated vaccine inactivation factor inactive in biomolecular screening inactive chain inbred strain inch InChIKey incidence in medicinal chemistry incidence rate in epidemiology incident power incinerator incipient LC₅₀ inclusion body inclusion compound incoherent radiation incoherent scattering incoherent structure incongruent reaction incredible natural-abundance double-quantum transfer experiment increment for large units incremental unit risk estimate independent joint action index of biological integrity indicated hydrogen indication indicator indicator consumption error indicator electrode indicator reaction indicator species indifferent absorbing ion indifferent electrolyte indigenous indirect agglutination indirect amplification indirect bandgap semiconductor indirect ecological effect indirect exposure indirect immunofluorescence indirect photolysis indirect reaction indirect toxicity indirectly-ionizing radiation individual individual effective dose individual gauge for localized orbitals individual isotherm individual particle analysis individual perception threshold in atmospheric chemistry individual protective device individual risk indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase induced abortion induced pluripotent stem cell induced radioactivity induced reaction inducer in enzyme catalysis inducible co-stimulatory protein induction induction period inductive effect inductively-coupled plasma inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy inductively-coupled plasma robustness inductively-coupled plasma spectrometry inductively-coupled plasma thermal pinch inductively-coupled plasma torch inductomeric effect inductor industrial ecology industrial melanism inelastic collision inelastic electron scattering background inelastic electron scattering background subtraction inelastic electron tunnelling spectroscopy inelastic scattering inelastic scattering cross section inert inert chemical inert gas inert ingredient inertia of a community inertial defect inertial separator infauna infectious tolerance inferior cerebellar peduncle infertility infinite dilution infinite miscibility infinite source thickness inflammasome inflammation inflammatory bowel disease influence nominal property information depth information radius information theory infrared infrared multiphoton dissociation infrared radiation infrared spectroscopy infratentorial infundibulum infusion in physiology ingestion inguinal canal inhalation inhalation therapy inherent viscosity of a polymer inherently biodegradable inhibin inhibition inhibition constant inhibitor inhibitory concentration inhibitory concentration at 5\(\pu{IC_{50}}\)%inhibitory dose inhibitory post-synaptic potential inhomogeneity error in spectrochemical analysis inhomogeneous broadening iniencephaly inifer iniferter iniferter process iniopagus inisurf initial energy initial energy state in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy initial energy state in Auger electron spectroscopy initial plasma radiation zone in inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy initial rate method initial state correlations initial-state Auger parameter initialisation in RDP initialization in coordination polymerization initialization efficiency in RDP initializer in RDP initiating event initiating species initiation initiator initiator efficiency initiation of polymerization injection injection temperature in chromatography innate immunity inner electric potential inner filter effect inner Helmholtz plane inner layer in electrochemistry inner orbital X-ray emission spectra inner salts inner-sphere electron transfer inner-sphere electron transfer atom-transfer radical polymerization inoculation inorganic oxide adsorbent inorganic polymer inorganic–organic polymer inositols input rate in analysis insecticide insemination insensitive nuclei enhanced by polarization transfer insert in biotechnology insertion insertion polymerization insomnia inspection instability in instrumentation instability of Hartree–Fock solution instantaneous current instantaneous rate of flow in polarography instantaneous sampling in atmospheric chemistry instrument line shape instrumental activation analysis instrumental dependability instrumental depth resolution instrumental indication for a precision balance intake integral capacitance of an electrode integral detector in chromatography integral indicator of toxic effect integrated intensity integrated risk information system integrating sphere integration range of a spectrum integrin intelligence quotient intended crossing of potential-energy surfaces intensified charge coupled device detector intensity intensity in mass spectrometry intensive quantity interaction distance interaction effect interactome interactomics interatomic Auger process intercalation in polymer chemistry intercalation compounds intercalation reaction intercellular adhesion molecule interchange reaction interchromophoric radiationless transition interclonal competition interconal region interconvertible enzyme interface interface core-level shift interfacial adhesion interfacial concentration in electrochemistry interfacial double-layer interfacial layer interfacial layer width in thin films interfacial polycondensation interfacial region interfacial tension interference in analysis interference competition interference curve in atomic spectroscopy interference filter interference filter interference fringes interference lithography interference record interferent interfering lines interfering substance in electroanalytical chemistry interferogram interferometer interferons interlaboratory comparison interleukin intermediate intermediate examination precision intermediate filament intermediate measurement precision intermediate neutrons intermediate precision condition of examination intermittent effect intermolecular intermolecular chain transfer intermolecular interactions in biomacromolecules intermolecular radiationless transition internal absorbance internal absorptance internal compensation internal conversion internal energy internal filling solution of a glass electrode internal fragment internal image internal quality control internal quantum yield internal reference electrode internal reflection internal reflection element internal return internal standard in chromatography internal surface internal transmittance internal transmittance internal valence force field internal validity international calorie International Chemical Identifier International Chemical Identifier international examination standard International system of units international unit interparticle electron transfer interparticle porosity in chromatography interparticle volume of the column in chromatography interparticle volume of the column in size-exclusion chromatography interpenetrating polymer network interphase interphase transition interpolation interpretation of findings intersection space intersexuality interspecies competition interspecies dose conversion interspecific competition interspecific interaction interstitial fluid interstitial fraction in chromatography interstitial pneumonia interstitial velocity in chromatography interstitial volume in gas chromatography interstitial water intersystem crossing interval 1 in emulsion polymerisation interval 2 in emulsion polymerisation interval 3 in emulsion polymerisation interval analysis intervalence charge transfer intervals in emulsion polymerisations intervention study intervertebral disc interzonal region intestinal reabsorption intimate ion pair intolerance in immunology intoxication intra- in organic reaction mechanisms intra-epithelial lymphocyte intrachromophoric radiationless transition intracranial pressure intracytoplasmic sperm injection intradermal test intralaboratory comparison intramembrous ossification intramolecular intramolecular catalysis intramolecular charge transfer intramolecular charge transfer emission intramolecular interactions in biomacromolecules intramolecular isotope effect intraparticle volume of the column in size-exclusion chromatography intraphase transition intraspecific competition intrathecal intrauterine intrauterine growth restriction intrinsic activation energy intrinsic activity intrinsic barrier intrinsic clearance intrinsic defects intrinsic detector efficiency intrinsic emission intrinsic examination standard intrinsic factor in biochemistry intrinsic full energy peak efficiency intrinsic pathway intrinsic photopeak efficiency intrinsic plasmon intrinsic rate of growth intrinsic rate of increase intrinsic reaction coordinate intrinsic semiconductor intrinsic solubility intrinsic viscosity of a polymer intrinsically conducting polymer intron invariant chain inverse agonist inverse Bremsstrahlung inverse emulsion polymerisation inverse isotope effect inverse kinetic isotope effect inverse latex inverse micelle inverse micro-emulsion polymerisation inverse mini-emulsion polymerisation inverse opal inverse Raman scattering inverse spatially offset Raman spectroscopy inverse square law in radiation chemistry inversion inversion height in atmospheric chemistry inversion layer inversion point in phase transitions inversion pulse inversion recovery sequence inversion time inverted core-shell particle inverted micelle inverted region for electron transfer investigational new drug iodine-transfer polymerization iodohydrins iodometric titration iodonium ions ion ion beam ion beam analysis ion beam ratio ion beam resist ion channel ion channelopathy ion collector in mass spectrometry ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer ion desolvation in mass spectrometry ion energy loss spectra in mass spectrometry ion enhancement ion evaporation model ion exchange ion exchanger ion funnel ion gate ion implantation ion kinetic energy spectrum in mass spectrometry ion laser ion microscopy ion mobility spectrometry ion optics ion pair ion pair return ion probe microanalysis ion pumps ion radical ion scattering spectrometry ion source in mass spectrometry ion suppression ion trap ion trap mass spectrometer ion-conducting polymer ion-containing polymer ion-exchange chromatography ion-exchange isotherm ion-exchange membrane ion-exchange polymer ion-exchange sorbent ion-exclusion chromatography ion-free layer ion-pair chromatography ion-pair extraction ion-pair formation in mass spectrometry ion-scattering spectrum ion-selective electrode ion-selective electrode cell ion-selective field effect transistor ion-selective membrane ion-to-photon detector ion/ion reaction ion/molecule reaction in mass spectrometry ion/neutral complex ion/neutral species exchange reaction in mass spectrometry ion/neutral species reaction in mass spectrometry ionene ionic aggregates in an ionomer ionic bond ionic cloud in atomic spectroscopy ionic concentration ionic conductivity ionic copolymerization ionic dissociation in mass spectrometry ionic liquid ionic mole fraction ionic polymer ionic polymerization ionic ring-opening polymerization ionic spectral lines ionic strength ionic transport number ionization ionization buffer in flame spectroscopy ionization by sputtering ionization chamber ionization cross-section ionization efficiency ionization efficiency curve in mass spectrometry ionization energy ionization potential ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 ionizing collision in mass spectrometry ionizing power ionizing radiation ionizing voltage ionogenic groups ionomer ionomer cluster ionomer molecule ionomer multiplet ionophore ionotropic receptor iridescent layers iridoids iron-sulfur cluster iron-sulfur proteins irradiance at a point of a surface irradiation irregular adjacent re-entry model irregular dendrimer irregular dendrimer molecule irregular dendron irregular macromolecule irregular polymer irreversible alteration irreversible transition irritant IRTRAN™Irwin battery ISC ischemia Ising model ISIS keys islet cell antibodies isoabsorption point isobar in atmospheric chemistry isobaric mass-change determination isobaric separation isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation isobars isobole approach isochiral stem packing isoclined stems isoclined structures in polymers isoclinic point isoconfertic separation isoconjugate systems isocoumarins isocratic analysis in chromatography isocratic elution in chromatography isocyanates isocyanides isocyclic compounds isodesmic reaction isodiazenes isodirectional packing isoelectric isoelectric focusing in proteomics isoelectric point in electrophoresis isoelectronic isoemissive point isoentropic isoenzyme isoequilibrium relationship isoflavans isoflavones isoflavonoids isoflavonoids isograft isogyric reaction isohemagglutinin isoionic isoionic point in electrophoresis isokinetic line in atmospheric chemistry isokinetic relationship isokinetic sampling in atmospheric chemistry isolampsic point isolated double bonds isolobal isomer isomer shift in Mössbauer spectroscopy isomerases isomeric isomeric state in nuclear chemistry isomeric transition in nuclear chemistry isomerism isomerization isometric isomorphic polymer blend isomorphous polymer co-crystal isomorphous structures in polymers isonitriles isonitroso compounds isooptoacoustic point isopeptide bond isopleth isopotential point isoprenes isoprenoids isopycnic isopycnic separation isorefractive isosbestic point isoselective relationship isoselenocyanates isostatic pressing isosteric enthalpy of adsorption isostilbic point isostructural reaction isotactic macromolecule isotactic polymer isotactic triads in polymers isotherm in atmospheric chemistry isothermal chromatography isothermal crystallisation isothermal technique in thermal analysis isothiocyanates isotones isotonic isotope cluster isotope coded affinity tag isotope dilution isotope dilution analysis isotope dilution mass spectrometry isotope effect isotope exchange isotope exchange analysis isotope pattern in mass spectrometry isotope ratio isotope ratio mass spectrometry isotopes isotopic abundance isotopic carrier isotopic discrimination isotopic enrichment isotopic enrichment factor isotopic fractionation factor isotopic ion isotopic label isotopic labelling isotopic molecular ion isotopic scrambling isotopic separation isotopic tracer isotopically deficient isotopically enriched ions isotopically labelled isotopically modified isotopically substituted isotopically unmodified isotopolog ions isotopologue isotopomer isotopomeric ion isotretinoin isotropic isotropic carbon isotropic pitch-based carbon fibres isotropisation temperature isotype isotype control isotype switch isoureas isovalent hyperconjugation isozyme itai-itai disease iteroparous species

j-value in atmospheric chemistry J-modulated spin-echo J-resolved spectroscopy Jablonski diagram jackknifing Jacquinot stop Jahn–Teller effect Jahn–Teller transition JAK/STAT signaling pathway JAM test Jänecke coordinates Janus-family tyrosine kinase jaundice jejunum jet separator joining chain joining gene joint effect joule junction point junction unit junction-point density junctional diversity

k-means clustering k-nearest neighbour klado-k-strategy kainic acid kairomone kallikrein Kamlet–Taft solvent parameters Kamofsky’s law Kaposi sarcoma kappa shape descriptor kappa-light chain Kaptein–Closs rules karyolysis karyorrhexis karyotype Kasha rule Kasha–Vavilov rule katal Kauzmann temperature Kekulé structure for aromatic compounds kelvin keratin keratinization keratinocyte kernel method ketals ketazines ketenes ketenimines ketides ketimines keto keto carbenes keto-enol tautomerization ketoacidosis ketoaldonic acids ketoaldoses ketone body ketones ketoses ketosis ketoximes ketyls keystone habitat keystone species killer activatory receptor killer cell killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor killer lectin-like receptor kilo kilogram kinase kind-of-nominal-property kind-of-property kind-of-quantity kindling kinematic factor kinematic viscosity kinematics kinetic activity factor kinetic ambiguity kinetic assay kinetic control of product composition kinetic coupling kinetic current kinetic electrolyte effect kinetic energy kinetic energy release kinetic energy release distribution kinetic equivalence kinetic isotope effect kinetic method of analysis kinetic resolution kinetic shift kinetic solubility kinetic synergist kinetic theory of collisions kinetic-chain length kinetics in chemistry Kingdon trap kinin Kirkwood–Riseman theory Klinefelter syndrome Knight shift knock-down knock-in knock-out in biology knockout knockout mouse knockout mutation Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts equation Kohonen network Koopmans' theorem Koppel–Palm solvent parameters Kosower $Z$-value Kováts index Kraemer coefficient Kraemer equation Krafft point Kramers–Kronig transforms of a spectrum Kratky plot KRS-5 krypton ion laser Kubelka–Munk function Kuenen coefficient Kuhn segment Kuhn segment length Kupffer cell Kveim reaction kyphosis κ in inorganic nomenclature

l l, u LIDAR in atmospheric chemistry L L-selectin lx life table or schedule lxmx life table lab-at-valve liquid-phase microextraction lab-on-a-chip extraction lab-on-valve extraction label label-free assay label-free detection label-free quantitation labelling labile labor laboratory bias laboratory information management system laboratory sample lachrymator lacrimation lacrimator lactams lactation lactation period lactides lactims lactols lactones ladder chain ladder macromolecule ladder polymer LADS lag phase in biotechnology lambda lambda (λ)-light chain Lambert law Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome lamella lamellar block copolymer lamellar crystal lamellar crystal sector lamina propria lamp lamp black Landau–Zener model Landolt reaction Langerhans cell Langmuir monolayer Langmuir–Blodgett membrane Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism Langmuir–Rideal mechanism Lanthony D-15 color test Laporte rule lapse rate in atmospheric chemistry large granular lymphocyte large molecule large particle in radiation scattering lariat ethers Larmor angular frequency Larmor precession larva larvicide laryngospasm larynx LAS laser laser ablation laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry laser beam ionization laser desorption laser desorption ionization laser dye laser induced breakdown spectroscopy laser ionization in mass spectrometry laser micro emission spectroscopy laser micro mass spectrometry laser microprobe mass spectrometry laser Raman microanalysis laser-induced breakdown spectrum laser-induced plasma laser-jet photochemical technique lasing lassitude late phase reaction late-downhill surface latent latent image latent period in medicinal chemistry latent variable lateral flow test lateral order in a polymer lateral resolution in in situ microanalysis latex latex agglutination test latex allergen latex particle lath crystal lathyrism lattice in condensed matter physics lattice distortion Laurence solvent parameters lavage law of frequence laws of distribution in precipitation laxative layer layer equilibrium in chromatography layer-by-layer assembly leach leachate leaching lead lead colic lead identification lead optimisation lead validation leader sequence in biotechnology least motion principle least squares regression least-squares technique leave-some-out cross-validation leaving group lecithins lectin lectin microarray lectins LED Leffler's assumption Leffler’s relation left-handed helix left-to-right convention length lentic lentic water leprosy leptocephaly leptodactyly lesion Leslie matrix lesser omentum lethal lethal body burden lethal concentration lethal dose lethal synthesis lethal time lethality lethargy leucism leuco bases leuco compounds leukemia leukocyte leukocyte common antigen leukocyte functional antigen leukocytopenia leukocytosis leukopenia leukotriene leukotrienes levarterenol level level width levelling effect leverage Levich equation levocardia Lewis acid Lewis acidity Lewis adduct Lewis base Lewis basicity Lewis formula Lewis octet rule Leydig cell libido library in biomolecular screening Liebig's law of the minimum life cycle life cycle assessment life history life table in actuarial science life-cycle study life-long exposure life-table response experiment lifetime lifetime of luminescence lifetime broadening lift-off process ligamentum arteriosum ligand efficiency ligand exchange chromatography ligand field ligand field splitting ligand of inducible co-stimulatory protein ligand to ligand charge transfer transition ligand to metal charge transfer transition ligand-activated channel ligand-based drug design ligand-gated ion channel ligands ligases ligate light light chain light emitting diode light polarization light scattering light source light-atom anomaly light-emitting diode lignans lignins limacide limb bud limbic system limit of detection in analysis limit of quantification limit test in toxicology limit value limited evidence limited life-span paradigm limiting adsorption current limiting catalytic current limiting condition of operation limiting current limiting differential diffusion coefficient limiting diffusion current limiting kinetic current limiting mean limiting migration current limiting sedimentation coefficient limiting viscosity number limnocorrals limnology Limulus test line edge roughness line formula line profile line repetition groups line representation of electrochemical cells line scan line width line width in Mössbauer spectroscopy line width roughness line-broadening in atomic spectroscopy line-of-centres model line-shape analysis line-space patterning linear absorption coefficient linear absorption coefficient in optical spectroscopy linear attenuation coefficient linear attenuation coefficient in optical spectroscopy linear chain linear chromatography linear constitutional repeating unit linear copolymer linear dichroism linear discriminant analysis linear dispersion linear distribution isotherm in chromatography linear electron accelerator linear energy transfer linear epitope linear free energy relationship linear free-energy relation linear Gibbs energy relation linear interaction energy linear ion trap linear macromolecule linear Napierian absorption coefficient linear polarizer linear polymer linear pulse amplifier linear range linear solvation energy relationships linear strain linear thermodilatometry linear-scan voltammetry linearised multistage model linearity of a measuring system linearity of calibration linearity of responsivity of a radiation detector lineic Lineweaver–Burk plot liniment link in polymer conjugate chemistry linkage analysis linkage disequilibrium linked recognition linked scan in mass spectrometry lipid A lipid droplets lipid extraction lipid film lipid profiling lipid raft lipid remodelling lipid vesicle lipid-based bioconcentration factor lipidome lipidomics lipidosis lipids lipoma lipooligosaccharide lipophilic lipophilic ligand efficiency lipophilicity lipophobic lipopolysaccharides lipopolysaccharidomics lipoproteins liposome Lippert–Mataga equation Lippman's equation liquid chromatography liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry liquid crystal liquid crystal tunable filter liquid excimer laser liquid handler liquid ion evaporation liquid ion exchange liquid ion laser liquid junction liquid junction interface liquid laser liquid membrane liquid scintillation detector liquid secondary ionization liquid sheath liquid volume in gas chromatography liquid-coated stationary phase in liquid chromatography liquid-crystal dendrimer liquid-crystal polymer liquid-crystal state liquid-crystal transitions liquid-crystalline phase liquid-crystalline polymer liquid-gel chromatography liquid-ion exchange liquid-liquid distribution liquid-liquid extraction liquid-metal ion gun liquid-phase film thickness liquid-phase loading in chromatography liquid-phase microextraction liquidus Litchfield method Litchfield–Wilcoxon method lithography lithometeor in atmospheric chemistry lithosphere in atmospheric chemistry litre litter littoral littoral enclosures live attenuated vaccine live time liver-kidney microsomal antibodies living anionic polymerization living cationic polymerization living condensative chain polymerization living coordination polymerization living copolymerization living ionic polymerization living polymer living polymer chain living polymerization living radical polymerization living ring-opening metathesis polymerization load on a precision balance loading loading capacity in solvent extraction loading dose loading of a property loadings loadings plot lobe of cerebral cortex local conformation of a polymer local current density local differential absorption local effect local efficiency of atomization in flame spectrometry local flame temperature in flame emission and absorption spectrometry local fraction atomized in flame emission and absorption spectrometry local fraction desolvated in flame emission and absorption spectrometry local fraction volatilized in flame emission and absorption spectrometry local mode of vibration local model local molar polarizability localized adsorption localized molecular orbitals localized-itinerant transition locant lock mass lock-in amplifier lock-in state locus in genetics LOD score log D log P log P_ow log-normal distribution log-normal transformation logarithmic decrement logarithmic distribution coefficient logarithmic normal distribution of a macromolecular assembly logarithmic viscosity number logistic curve logistic growth logit logit transformation in toxicology London forces London–Eyring–Polanyi method London–Eyring–Polanyi–Sato method lone pair long chain long period long spacing in polymer crystals long-chain branch long-chain branch long-lived collision complex long-range intramolecular interaction in polymers long-term potentiation longitudinal order in a polymer loose end loose ion pair Lorax incongruity lordosis Lorentz broadening of a spectral line Lorentzian band shape Lorenz–Mie theory loss curve loss modulus loss of life expectancy loss tangent lot in analytical chemistry lotic lotic mesocosms lotic water lotion low energy electron diffraction low pressure electrical discharge low sample consumption system in inductively-coupled plasma spectrometry low temperature UV–VIS absorption spectroscopy low-energy collision-induced dissociation low-energy ion scattering spectrometry low-pass filter low-pressure diamond low-pressure mercury lamp low-specificity sorbents low-spin low-spin state lower critical solution temperature lower motor neuron lowest effective dose lowest lethal concentration found lowest observed adverse effect level lowest unoccupied molecular orbital lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level lowest-observed-effect concentration lowest-observed-effect-level lozenge lubricant lumbar puncture lumbar spine lumen luminance luminescence luminescence assay luminescence quenching luminescence spectrometer luminescent material luminous flux luminous intensity luminous quantities lumiphore LUMO lupus anticoagulant luteal phase luteinizing hormone lux Ly-6 lyases lyate ion lymph lymph node lymphadenopathy lymphangion lymphatic lymphatic system lymphatic tissue lymphoblast lymphocyte lymphocyte activation lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 lymphocyte homing lymphocyte homing receptor lymphocyte proliferation test lymphocyte subpopulation lymphocyte transformation test lymphocyte-activating factor lymphocytopenia lymphocytosis lymphocytotoxicity lymphoid lymphoid follicle lymphoid stem cell lymphoid tissue lymphokine lymphokine-activated killer cell lymphoma lymphopoiesis lymphoproliferation lymphosum lymphotoxin Lyon hypothesis lyonium ion lyophilic lyophilic sols lyophobic lyophobic lyotropic mesophase lysimeter lysis lysosomal storage disease lysosome Λ

M mer- in inorganic nomenclature mesomeso-compound E/2 mass spectrum m diad MacArthur–Wilson model machine in analysis machine learning macro-chain-transfer agent macro-emulsion macroautophagy macrocephaly macrocosm macrocycle macrocyclic component macroelectrode macroglossia macrognathia macroinitiator macrolides macromelia macrometeorology in atmospheric chemistry macromolecular macromolecular coil macromolecular component of a rotaxane macromolecular crystallographic information file macromolecular isomorphism macromolecular prodrug macromolecular pseudorotaxane macromolecular rotaxane macromolecule macromonomer macromonomer molecule macromonomer unit macromonomeric unit macronutrient macrophage macrophage function test macrophage mannose receptor macrophyte macropinocytosis macropore in catalysis macroporous particle macroporous polymer macroradical macroscopic cross-section macroscopic diffusion control macroscopic film macroscopic kinetics macroscopic pathology macrosomia macrostomia magic acid magic angle magic angle spinning magnetic circular dichroism magnetic coherence length magnetic deflection in mass spectrometry magnetic equivalence magnetic field scan in mass spectrometry magnetic field strength magnetic flux magnetic flux density in Mössbauer spectroscopy magnetic flux density magnetic induction magnetic mask magnetic moment magnetic nanoparticle sorbent magnetic resonance imaging magnetic resonance spectroscopy in neurotoxicology magnetic sector magnetic susceptibility magnetic susceptibility magnetic transition magnetizability magnetization transfer magnetogyric ratio magnetolithography magnetoresistance magnetron motion Mahalanobis distance main chain of a polymer main effect main ring main-chain macromolecular rotaxane main-chain polymer liquid crystal main-chain rotaxane polymer main-chain scission main-chain self-assembly mainstream smoke in tobacco smoking major basic protein major histocompatibility complex major histocompatibility complex class I molecule major histocompatibility complex class II molecule major histocompatibility complex class III molecule major histocompatibility complex molecule major histocompatibility complex restriction make-up liquid malaise male fertility male fertility index male-mediated toxicity malformation malignancy malignant Malthusian theory mammalian target of rapamycin mammary gland mancude-ring systems mancunide-ring systems manganism mania manipulator mannan-binding lectin-associated serine peptidase-1 and -2 mannose-binding protein mantle zone manual in analysis mapping in biotechnology Marangoni effect Marcus equation for electron transfer Marcus inverted region for electron transfer Marcus–Coltrin path Marcus–Hush relationship Marfan syndrome margin of exposure marginal zone margination Mark–Houwink equation marker Markownikoff rule Markush structure martensitic transition masculinization mask mask error enhancement factor maskless lithography mass mass accuracy mass action, law of mass analysis in mass spectrometry mass balance in atmospheric chemistry mass balance equation mass calibration mass concentration mass defect in mass spectrometry mass density mass density gradient mass discrimination mass distribution ratio in micellar electrokinetic chromatography mass distribution ratio in micro-emulsion electrokinetic chromatography mass distribution ratio mass distribution ratio in chromatography mass excess mass fingerprinting in proteomics mass flow rate mass fraction mass gate mass limit mass mean diameter mass median diameter mass number mass of the stationary phase in chromatography mass peak in mass spectrometry mass percent mass range in mass spectrometry mass ratio mass resolving power in mass spectrometry mass selective axial ejection mass selective instability mass solubility mass spectral library mass spectrograph mass spectrometer mass spectrometer operating on the linear accelerator principle mass spectrometer focusing system mass spectrometric detector in gas chromatography mass spectrometry mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry mass spectroscope mass spectroscopy mass spectrum mass transfer in biotechnology mass transfer coefficient in electrochemistry mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometry mass-average molar mass mass-average particle diameter mass-average velocity in electrolytes mass-distribution function mass-flow sensitive detector in chromatography mass-law effect mass-to-charge ratio in mass spectrometry mass-transfer-controlled electrolyte rate constant massic massive transition mast cell mast cell activation disorder mast cell stabilizer master curve mastocytoma mastocytosis matched cells in spectrochemical analysis matched control material in thermal analysis material characterization study material homogeneity material recovery material safety data sheet material stability materials chemistry maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein Mathieu stability diagram matrix in analysis matrix effect in surface analysis matrix factor matrix formulation matrix isolation matrix reference material matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry matrix-compatible solid-phase microextraction matrix-matched calibration matrix-solid phase dispersion Mattauch–Herzog geometry maturation in immunology mature B cell maturity index maulstick incongruity maxillary maximum acceptable toxicant concentration in ecology maximum additive concentration maximum allowable concentration in atmospheric chemistry maximum average daily concentration of an atmospheric pollutant maximum contaminant level maximum degree of biodegradation maximum emission concentration in atmospheric chemistry maximum exposure limit maximum hardness principle maximum latent period maximum likelihood estimation maximum likelihood principal component analysis maximum loading maximum permissible daily dose maximum permissible level maximum residue limit maximum residue limit for veterinary drugs maximum safe concentration maximum storage life maximum tolerable concentration maximum tolerable dose maximum tolerable exposure level maximum tolerated dose maximum velocity Mayr–Patz equation maze McLafferty rearrangement in mass spectrometry me-too drug mean mean absorption time mean activity of an electrolyte in solution in mass spectrometry mean catalytic activity rate mean centering mean current density mean escape depth mean exchange current density mean free path mean generation time mean interstitial velocity of the carrier gas in chromatography mean life of a radionuclide mean lifetime mean lifetime mean linear range in nuclear chemistry mean mass range in nuclear chemistry mean mass rate mean residence time of adsorbed molecules mean squared error of calibration mean squared error of prediction mean substance rate mean volume rate mean-field theory mean-square end-to-end distance mean-square end-to-end distance of a freely rotating chain mean-square radius of gyration mean-square unperturbed end-to-end distance mean-square unperturbed radius of gyration measurable quantity measurand measured excitation spectrum measured spectrum measured value in analysis measurement measurement capability measurement efficiency in inductively-coupled plasma spectrometry measurement endpoint in ecological risk assessment measurement precision control material measurement procedure measurement procedure bias measurement procedure with standard addition measurement reproducibility measurement resolution in atmospheric trace component analysis measurement result measurement solution in analysis measurement threshold of an analyser measurement trueness control material mechanical anharmonicity mechanical entrapment mechanical harmonicity mechanical hygrometer mechanical inhibitor mechanical melting mechanically interlocked molecular architecture mechanism of a reaction mechanism-based inhibition mechanization in analysis mechanized extraction mechano-chemical reaction Meckel diverticulum meconium median median effective concentration median effective dose median effective time median inhibitory time median lethal concentration median lethal dose median lethal time median narcotic concentration median narcotic dose median teratogenic concentration median time to death median tolerance limit mediastinum mediating agent medical device medicine medium medium effect medium-energy ion scattering spectrometry medium-pressure mercury lamp medulla medulloblastoma mega megacolon megadactyly megakaryocyte meiofauna meiosis meiotic drive Meisenheimer adduct Meker burner melanic forms melanism melt melt flow index melting melting point corrected melting temperature membrane membrane membrane in an ion-selective electrode membrane attack complex membrane bilayer membrane emf membrane extraction membrane extraction with sorbent interface membrane introduction mass spectrometry membrane polarization membrane potential membrane rafts membrane separator membrane sites in an ion-selective electrode membrane-protected solid-phase microextraction membranes with mobile charged sites memory in immunology memory cell memory effect in atmospheric chemistry memory lymphocyte immunostimulation assay memristor menarche Mendelian gene Mendelian inheritance Mendelian trait Mendelism meninges meningioma meningitis meningocele meningoencephalitis meningoencephalocele meningomyelocele meninx menopause menstrual cycle menstruation mental retardation mentation mer mercaptals mercaptans mercaptides mercaptoles mercurialism mercury electrode mercury flow system in spectrochemical analysis mercury–xenon lamp mero meroblastic cleavage meromelia merry-go-round reactor mesectoderm mesencephalon mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition mesenchyme mesenteric lymph node mesentery mesh size in polymer science meso structures in polymers mesocosm mesoderm mesofluidic extraction device mesogastrium mesogen mesogenic group mesogenic monomer mesogenic pitch mesoionic compounds mesolytic cleavage mesomeric effect mesomerism mesomorphic phase mesomorphic state mesomorphic transition mesonephric duct mesonephros mesopause in atmospheric chemistry mesophase mesophase pitch mesophase pitch-based carbon fibres mesophiles mesopore in catalysis mesoporous particle mesoscale mesosphere mesothelioma mesothelium messenger RNA meta-analysis metabolic activation metabolic enzymes metabolic half-life metabolic model metabolic pathway metabolic transformation metabolism metabolism quenching metabolite metabolite fingerprinting and footprinting metabolite profiling metabologen metabolome metabolomics metabonomics metabotropic receptor metal distribution metal to ligand charge transfer transition metal to metal charge transfer transition metal-organic framework metal–carbene complexes metal–carbyne complexes metal–insulator transition metal–nonmetal transition metallacycloalkanes metallo-supramolecular polymer metallocene polymerization metallocenes metalloenzyme metallomesogen metallothionein metallothionein-like proteins metallurgical coke metamagnetic transition metameter metanephros metaphase metaplasia metapopulation metastability metastable metastable background in secondary-ion mass spectrometry metastable film metastable ion in mass spectrometry metastable state in nuclear chemistry metastable state in spectrochemistry metastasis metatectic reaction metatectoid reaction metathesis metathesis polymerization methanogens methemoglobin methemoglobin-forming substance methemoglobinaemia method of isotopic perturbation method of multiple working hypotheses method performance study methylation methylene methylidyne methylotrophic microorganisms metre metrological compatibility of measurement results metrological equivalence of measurement results micellar aggregation number micellar catalysis micellar charge micellar chromatography micellar electrokinetic chromatography micellar mass micellar nucleation micellar polymerisation micellar relative molar mass micellar rod micellar solubilization micellar weight micelle micelle charge micellisation Michaelis constant Michaelis–Menten equation Michaelis–Menten kinetics Michaelis–Menten mechanism micro micro- technique in thermal analysis micro-emulsion micro-emulsion polymerisation micro-encapsulation micro-network micro-suspension polymerisation microalbuminuria microarray microautophagy microbial leaching microcanonical rate constant microcanonical variational transition-state theory microcapsule microcarrier in biotechnology microcephaly microchannel plate microcheiria microclimatology microcontact printing microcosm microdialysis microdomain morphology microelectrode microelectrophoresis microelectrospray microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography microevolution microextraction (methology)microextraction (packed sorbent)microextraction (technique)microfabrication microfiltration microflow injection analysis extraction device microfluidic extraction device microfluidics microfold cell microgel microglial cell microgliosis microglobulin microglossia micrognathia microheterogeneity in biochemistry microlithography micromass culture micromercurialism micrometeorology micromolding micronucleus test microparticle microphallus microphotometer microphthalmia microphyte microplate microplate standards micropore in catalysis micropore filling in catalysis micropore volume in catalysis microporous carbon microporous particle microproteinaemia microRNA microsatellite in genetics microscopic chemical event microscopic cross-section microscopic diffusion control microscopic electrophoresis microscopic film microscopic kinetics microscopic polyangiitis microscopic reversibility at equilibrium microsome microsphere microstomia microstructure microsyneresis Microtox® test microwave acid digestion microwave cavity microwave-assisted extraction microwave-induced plasma middle atmosphere midgut midstream sampling Mie scattering migraine migrainous infarction migration migration current migration time in capillary electrophoresis migration time of micelles in micellar electrokinetic chromatography migratory aptitude migratory insertion milli milligram equivalent of readability of a precision balance millimetre of mercury milling Minamata disease mineral mineralization mini-emulsion mini-emulsion polymerisation miniaturisation in biomolecular screening minimal risk level minimal time to effect or response minimum consumption time in flame emission and absorption spectrometry minimum density of states criterion minimum effective plasma concentration minimum inhibitory concentration minimum lethal concentration minimum lethal dose minimum sample size minimum significant difference minimum structural change, principle of minimum viable population minimum-energy reaction path minisatellite Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory minor histocompatibility antigen minus minute of arc miosis miscarriage miscibility miscibility gap miscible misclassification rate misfolded protein mist in atmospheric chemistry miticide mitochondria mitochondrial membrane potential mitochondrion mitogen mitogen-activated protein kinase mitophagy mitosis mixed ceramic mixed connective tissue disease mixed control mixed crystal mixed energy release mixed indicator mixed labelled mixed lymphocyte response mixed neuropathy mixed potential mixed-mode sorbent mixing in analytical chemistry mixing control mixing height in atmospheric chemistry mixing ratio in analytical chemistry mixing zone mixture mixture MLCT mobile adsorption mobile phase in chromatography mobile-phase speed mobile-phase velocity in chromatography mobile-phase volume in counter-current chromatography mobility in general mobility mobility in aerosol physics Möbius aromaticity mode mode of vibration mode-locked laser model in experimental design model error model network moderation in nuclear chemistry moderator modified active solid in chromatography modified Arrhenius equation modified Auger parameter modified release modified sample modifier in solvent extraction modulated heat flow modulated technique in thermal analysis modulated temperature technique in thermal analysis modulated-temperature DSC modulation frequency in comprehensive chromatography modulation number in comprehensive chromatography modulation period in comprehensive chromatography modulator in comprehensive chromatography module in biomolecular screening modulus of elasticity Mohr amplification process in analysis moiety moistening agents MOL file format molal molality molar molar absorption coefficient molar absorptivity molar activity in radiochemistry molar activity (material) of a radionuclide in a material molar average velocity molar conductivity molar decadic absorption coefficient molar ellipticity molar mass molar Napierian absorption coefficient molar refraction molar-mass average molar-mass dispersity molar-mass exclusion limit in polymers molarity mole mole fraction mole fraction mole percent mole ratio molecular anion molecular beam mass spectrometry molecular beams molecular cation molecular conformation of a polymer molecular connectivity index molecular descriptor molecular design molecular diversity molecular dynamics in drug design molecular dynamics molecular effusion separator molecular encapsulation molecular entity molecular epidemiology molecular fingerprints molecular formula molecular fragment molecular glass molecular graph molecular graph theory molecular graphics molecular image molecular imprinted polymers molecular imprinting molecular ion in mass spectrometry molecular kinetics molecular laser molecular logic gate molecular mechanics calculation molecular metal molecular mimicry in immunology molecular modeling molecular nucleation in polymers molecular orbital molecular orbital theory molecular orientation molecular rearrangement molecular recognition molecular Rydberg state molecular shape molecular shape of lipids molecular shuttle molecular sieve effect molecular similarity molecular spectra molecular spectroscopy molecular switch molecular target molecular template molecular weight molecular wires molecular-weight exclusion limit in polymers molecularity molecularly imprinted polymer sorbent molecule molfile molluskicide molozonides moment of a force moment of inertia momentum momentum separator momentum spectrum monitoring monitoring test mono-energetic radiation monochromator monoclonal monoclonal antibodies monocyte monodisperse aerosol generating interface for chromatography monodisperse medium monodisperse polymer monoisotopic element monoisotopic mass monoisotopic mass spectrum monokine monolayer monolayer capacity monolith monolithic column monomer monomer molecule monomer reactivity ratios monomer reactivity scale monomer unit monomer-flooded emulsion polymerisation monomer-starved emulsion polymerisation monomeric unit mononuclear phagocyte system monooxygenase monophthalmos monosaccharides monosomy monospecificity monotectic reaction monotectoid reaction monotectoid temperature monoterpenes monoterpenoids monothioacetals monotropic transition Monro–Kellie hypothesis Monte Carlo method Monte Carlo study Montreal protocol Moore’s law morbidity morbidity rate morbidity survey mordant More O'Ferrall–Jencks diagram Morin transition morphine morphodynamics morphogen morphogenesis morphological morphology morphology coarsening morphotropic transition Morse potential mortality mortality study morula mosaicism Mössbauer effect Mössbauer spectrometry Mössbauer thickness in Mössbauer spectroscopy most probable distribution in macromolecular assemblies most-sensitive-species approach motor activity motor coordination motor cortex motor endplate motor neuron motor neuron disease motor system Mott transition Mott–Hubbard transition mouse ear-swelling test mouse IgE test moving average method moving belt interface MPP-based carbon fibres MS/MS data based identification in proteomics MS/MS spectrum MSⁿ mucociliary transport mucocutaneous mucopolysaccharides mucosa mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 mucosal tolerance mucous membrane mucus mulching film Mulliken population analysis multi-centre bond multi-centre reaction multi-channel pulse height analyser multi-component resist multi-dimensional chromatography multi-strand chain in polymers multi-strand macromolecule multi-way data multicoat morphology multicollector mass spectrometer multicommutation flow extraction multicompartment formulation multicompartment model multicomponent particle multiconfiguration SCF method multicotyledonary placentation multident multidimensional protein identification technology multidimensional scaling multidrug resistance multienzyme multienzyme complex multienzyme polypeptide multifactorial disease multifactorial inheritance multigenerational study multilayer multilayer adsorption multilayer aggregate in polymer crystals multilayer coil in counter-current chromatography multilayer tablet multilayered particle multilinear least squares regression multiobjective optimization multiparameter optimisation multiphase copolymer multiphoton absorption multiphoton ionization in mass spectrometry multiphoton process multiple attenuated total reflection multiple chemical sensitivity multiple headspace extraction multiple helix multiple heterosis multiple inclusion morphology multiple ionization satellite multiple myeloma multiple peak scanning in mass spectrometry multiple reaction monitoring multiple scattering multiple sclerosis multiple screening multiple-pass cell in spectrochemical analysis multiple-quantum magic angle spinning NMR multiple-stage mass spectrometry multiplet multiplex advantage multiplex assay multiplex immunoassay multiplex spectrometer multiplexing multiplicative matrix effect multiplicative name multiplicative scatter correction multiplicity multiply labelled multipole line in X-ray spectroscopy multipotent multipotent progenitor cell multireference configuration interaction multistage cluster sampling multistage countercurrent distribution multistage model multistage sampling multitarget drug discovery multitarget-directed ligand multivariate calibration multivariate curve resolution multivariate data multivariate statistics multiwell extraction plate multiwell sample plate munchnones muon induced X-ray emission analysis muonium Murcko assembly murine murine local lymph node assay muscarinic muscarinic receptor muscle spindle mustard oils mustards mutagen mutagenesis mutagenicity mutarotation mutation mutation rate in biotechnology mutual inductance mutual solubility mutualism myalgia myasthenia mycoplasma mycotoxin mydriasis myelencephalon myelin myelin basic protein Myelin cylinders myelin sheath myelin-associated glycoprotein myelination myeloblast myelodysplastic syndrome myelogram myeloid myeloid stem cell myeloid tissue myeloma myeloma protein myelomeningocele myelopathy myeloperoxidase myelopoiesis myelosuppression myelotoxic myoblast myocarditis myocardium myometrium myopathy myositis myotome myotonia µ- in inorganic nomenclature

"no action" alternative to remediation of the site N-methyl-D-aspartate N-methyl-D-aspartate-type glutamate receptor n^th-order effect n-star macromolecule n-strand chain n-strand molecule n^th-generation product ion n^th-generation product ion spectrum nth order phase transition nido-ångström n → π* state n → π* transition n → σ* transition N-nucleotides N-region N-terminal analysis N-terminal residue N-terminus n-σ* delocalization NACHT domain-, leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-, and pyrin (N-terminal homology) domain (PYD)-containing protein 3 naïve lymphocyte nano nanocapsule nanocomposite nanodevice nanodomain nanodomain morphology nanoelectrode nanoelectromechanical systems nanoelectronics nanoelectrospray nanoencapsulation nanofiltration nanogel nanoimprint lithography nanolithography nanomaterial nanoparticle nanopattern nanophotonics nanoporous polymer crystal nanoscopic film nanoscopic polymer film nanosphere nanosphere lithography nanostructure nanotechnology nanotoxicology naphthenes naphthenic acids Napierian absorbance narcissistic reaction narcosis narcotic nasal natality National Academy of Sciences paradigm of risk assessment national examination standard natriuretic natural atomic orbital natural autoantibodies natural bond orbital natural broadening of a spectral line natural graphite natural hybrid orbital natural immunity natural isotopic abundance natural killer cell natural killer cell activity assay natural killer T cell natural latex natural lifetime of an excited state natural lifetime natural linewidth natural occurrence natural orbital natural photosynthesis natural population analysis natural product natural radiation natural radiation background natural radioactivity natural resistance-associated macrophage protein natural selection near edge X-ray absorption fine structure near-field scanning optical microscopy near-infrared radiation neat soap nebulization nebulizer necropsy necrosis needle coke needle trap negative adsorption negative assay control negative feedback negative hyper-conjugation negative ion in mass spectrometry negative ion chemical ionization negative selection negative-ion yield negative-tone development negaton neglected disease negligible risk neighbouring group participation nekton nematic phase nematic state nematicide neo-Darwinism neoantigen neocortex neodymium laser neoflavans neoflavones neoflavonoids neoflavonoids neolignans neonatal tolerance neonate neophyte neoplasia neoplasm neper nephelometry nephritis nephropathy nephrosis nephrotoxic Nernst equation Nernst's diffusion layer Nernstian response nerve nerve conduction study nerve conduction velocity nerve fiber nerve gas nerve growth factor nerve root nervous system net in surface chemistry net absorption cross-section net current net dephasing time net electric charge of a particle net faradaic current net reproductive rate net shaping network in polymer chemistry network network defect network polymer network-chain molar mass neural neural activity neural arch neural crest neural network neural plate neural stem cell neural tube neural tube defect neuralgia neurectomy neurite neurite outgrowth neuritis neurobehavior core test battery neurobehavioral neuroblast neuroblastoma neurodegenerative disease neurodevelopmental toxicity neuroectoderm neuroendocrine neuroendocrine system neurofibril neurofibrillary tangle neurofibroma neurofilament neurogenesis neurogenic neurogenic shock neurohypophysis neuroimaging neuroinflammation neuroleptic neurolysis neuroma neuron neuron-specific enolase neuronopathy neuropathic pain neuropathological examination neuropathy neuropathy target esterase neuropeptide neuropore neuroprogenitor cell neuroprotective neuropsychological testing neurotoxic neurotoxic esterase assay neurotoxic shellfish poisoning neurotoxicant neurotoxicology neurotoxin neurotransmission neurotransmitter neurotrophin neurotropic neurotubule neurovascular neurulation neutral antagonist in pharmacology neutral loss neutral loss scan neutral-density filter neutralization in immunology neutralization-reionization mass spectrometry neutralized gel neutrino neutron neutron activation analysis neutron density neutron depth profiling neutron diffraction analysis neutron energy neutron multiplication neutron number neutron rest mass neutron scattering analysis neutron temperature neutropenia neutrophil neutrophil activation neutrophilic organisms new chemical entity new molecular entity Newman projection newton Newton black film Newton diagram Newtonian fluid NG2 cell NHOMO NHOMO niche in ecology niche preemption niche width nicotinic nicotinic receptor Nier–Johnson geometry NIH shift Nikolsky–Eisenman equation nimbostratus cloud in atmospheric chemistry nine aspects of disease association nine-hole box test nipple Nissl body nitramines nitrenes nitrenium ions nitric oxide nitrification nitrile imides nitrile imines nitrile oxides nitrile sulfides nitrile ylides nitriles nitrilimines nitrilium betaines nitrilium ions nitrimines nitro compounds nitrogen fixation nitrogen laser nitrogen mustards nitrogen rule nitrogen ylides nitrolic acids nitrones nitronic acids nitrosamides nitrosamines nitrosative stress nitrosimines nitroso compounds nitrosolic acids nitroxides nitroxyl radicals NMR exchange spectroscopy no carrier added no observed adverse effect level no-acceptable-daily-intake-allocated no-bond resonance no-effect dose no-effect level no-load indication for a precision balance no-observed-effect concentration in aquatic toxicology no-observed-effect-level no-response level nociception NOD-like receptor nodal nodal plane node in artificial neural network node of Ranvier nodule noggin noise noise nominal indication nominal linear flow in chromatography nominal mass nominal property nominal property value nominal property value coverage probability nominal property value coverage set nominal property value set nominal reference material nominal spectral resolution nominally labelled tracer non-adiabatic electron transfer non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis non-bioenvironmental transformation non-calorimetric thermophysical measurements non-certified property value non-coherent source non-covalent interactions in biomolecules non-crossing rule non-crystalline electrodes non-crystalline membrane non-destructive activation analysis non-diagram line non-dispersive infrared spectroscopies non-dissociative chemisorption non-draining non-equilibrium reaction non-graphitic carbon non-graphitizable carbon non-Hodgkin lymphoma non-ideal chromatography non-ideal, linear chromatography non-ideal, non-linear chromatography non-isothermal crystallisation non-isotopic labelling non-Kekulé molecules non-Kekulé structure non-linear chromatography non-linear distribution isotherm in chromatography non-linear iterative partial least squares non-linear optical effect non-linear optical polymer non-linear optical techniques non-linearity error in spectrochemical analysis non-localized adsorption non-metal-mediated atom-transfer radical polymerization non-obese diabetic mouse non-parallel-chain crystal non-polarized interphases non-porous membrane non-radiative decay non-radiative quenching non-reversing heat flow non-saturating solute non-self non-specific adsorption non-specific binding in DNA-protein interactions non-specific emission or attenuation non-target organism non-uniform corrosion non-uniform dispersion non-uniform polymer non-uniform sampling non-vertical energy transfer nonadiabatic nonadiabatic coupling nonadiabatic photoreaction nonaqueous dispersion nonbonded interactions nonbonding molecular orbital nonclassical carbocation nonclassical structure noncompetitive antagonist noncompetitive binding assay nondepleting antibody nondisjunction nonionising radiation nonlinear mapping nonoccupational exposure nonselective detector nonselective quantum counter nonselectively labelled nonstochastic health effects nontarget organisms nor-noradrenalin noradrenaline normal normal coordinate normal coordinate analysis normal dispersion of the refractive index normal distribution normal equivalent deviation normal incidence normal kinetic isotope effect normal mode of vibration normal plasma analytical zone in inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy normal pulse voltammetry normal region for electron transfer normal stress normal X-ray level normal-phase chromatography normalization normalized image log slope normalized tunnelling intensity normit Norrish Type I photoreaction Norrish Type II photoreaction Norrish–Yang reaction Northern blot nose-poke test nosocomial not in my backyard principle notochord nozzle-skimmer dissociation nozzle-skimmer voltage nuclear atom nuclear capture nuclear chemistry nuclear decay nuclear disintegration nuclear electric quadrupole moment nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells nuclear factor of activated T cells nuclear fission nuclear fuel nuclear fusion nuclear fusion reaction nuclear graphite nuclear hormone receptor nuclear isomers nuclear level nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum nuclear magneton nuclear Overhauser effect nuclear Overhauser effect difference spectroscopy nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy nuclear particle nuclear quadrupole moment in Mössbauer spectroscopy nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy nuclear reaction cross section nuclear reactor nuclear receptor nuclear spindle nuclear stopping cross section nuclear transformation nuclear transition nuclear type I receptor nuclear type II receptor nuclearity nuclease assay nucleating agent nucleation in colloid chemistry nucleation and growth nucleation of phase separation in polymer chemistry nucleic acid aptamers nucleic acid–protein interaction nucleic acids nucleobase nucleobase lesion nucleofuge nucleon nucleon number nucleophile nucleophilic aromatic photosubstitution nucleophilic catalysis nucleophilic chain polymerization nucleophilic substitution nucleophilicity nucleoproteins nucleosides nucleotide bases nucleotide sequence nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1, 2 nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein-like receptor nucleotides nucleus nuclide nuclide precursor nuclidic mass nude mouse nuisance threshold in atmospheric chemistry null cell nulligravida nulliparous number concentration number content number density number flow rate number fraction number of entities number of generations of a dendron number of generations of a regular dendrimer molecule number of moles number of pseudo-generations of a hyperbranched polymer number of theoretical plates number-average molar mass number-average particle diameter number-distribution function numbness numerical aperture numerical response numerical value of a quantity nutritional table method nychthemeral Nyquist criterion Nyquist frequency nystagmus

-omics, -omes octahedro- in inorganic nomenclature ortho- and peri-fused in polycyclic compounds ortho-fused in polycyclic compounds O-polysaccharide object traceability objective environment observation frequency observation height in flame emission and absorption spectrometry observation pathlength in flame emission and absorption spectrometry observation space in flame emission and absorption spectrometry observation volume in flame emission and absorption spectrometry observed interface width observed rate coefficient obstructive hydrocephalus obviousness occipital lobe occiput occluded particle occlusion occult blood occupational environment occupational exposure occupational exposure limit occupational exposure standard occupational hygiene occupational medicine occupied band octanol-air partition coefficient octanol-water partition coefficient octanol-water partition ratio octaves in environmental science ocular odd-electron ion odds odds ratio odontoblast odor threshold odour threshold in atmospheric chemistry off peptide product ions off-gel isoelectric focusing off-rate off-specular X-ray reflectometry off-target effect offspring ohm ohmic contact ointment Oklo natural reactors OKT3 OLED olefins olf olfaction olfactometer olfactory bulb oligo oligoclonal oligodactyly oligodendrocyte oligodendroglioma oligodontia oligomenomenorrhea oligomer oligomer molecule oligomeric oligomerization oligonucleotides oligopeptides oligosaccharides oligospermia oligotrophic oligotrophy oligozoospermia oliguria omentum omphalocele omphalosite on-line extraction on-rate oncofetal antigen oncogene oncogenesis oncogenic one-bond-flip one-class classification one-colour indicator one-compartment model one-generation reprotox study one-hit model one-photon photochromism onion morphology onium compounds onset of drug action onycholysis oocyte oogenesis oogonium open atomizer open circuit potential open dynamic system open field test open film open hearth furnace in atmospheric chemistry open reading frame open static system open-shell systems open-tubular column in chromatography open-vessel acid digestion operant conditioning operational pH cell operational pH standard operator gene operon ophthalmic opiate receptor opioid opium opposing reactions opsonization optic optical absorption depth optical activity optical antipodes optical constants optical density optical emission spectroscopy optical filter optical isomers optical multi-channel analyser optical null double beam spectrometer optical parametric amplification optical parametric oscillator optical path difference optical purity optical resolution optical rotation optical rotatory dispersion optical rotatory power optical spectroscopy optical throughput of a spectrometer optical yield optical-beam error in spectrochemical analysis optically active polymer optically detected magnetic resonance optically labile optically nonlinear polymer optimal stress response optimal-foraging theory optimisation of extraction optimization optoacoustic spectroscopy optoelectronics oral tolerance oral vaccination orbit in anatomy orbital orbital energy orbital steering orbital symmetry order of reaction order parameter order–disorder transition ordered co-continuous double gyroid morphology ordinary least squares regression ordinary wave organ dose organ of Corti organelle organelles organic carbon partition coefficient organic dye laser organic psychosis organic–inorganic polymer organically modified silica organically-modified ceramic organization organo-organobismuthane-mediated radical polymerization organocatalysis organogenesis organoheteryl groups organoleptic organometallic compound organometallic compounds organometallic-mediated radical polymerization organophilic organophilic interaction organophosphate organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy organostibane-mediated radical polymerization organotellurium-mediated radical polymerization organyl groups orientation parameter orientational disorder origin of replication orofacial cleft orphan disease orphan drug orphan receptor ortho acids ortho amides ortho esters orthogonal electrospray orthogonal extraction orthogonal projections to latent structures orthokinetic aggregation in colloids orthokinetic coagulation orthosteric site osazones oscillating reaction oscillator strength osmolality osmolarity osmometer osmometry osmophobia osmotic coefficient osmotic concentration osmotic pressure osmotic virial coefficient osones osotriazoles osteo-osteoblast osteoclast osteodystrophy osteogenesis osteomalacia osteoporosis ostium Ostwald coefficient Ostwald ripening otic otocephaly Ouchterlony technique out-isomer out-of-control criteria out-of-plane bending coordinate in molecular geometry out-scattering outer electric potential outer Helmholtz plane outer-sphere electron transfer outer-sphere electron transfer ATRP outgassing of a catalyst output rate ovarian cycle ovarian follicle ovary overall activation energy overall efficiency of atomization overlap integral overpotential overtone transition overtraining ovicide ovotestis ovulation ovum oxa-di-π-methane rearrangement oxenium ions oxidant in atmospheric chemistry oxidation oxidation number oxidation state oxidation–reduction titration oxidative addition oxidative coupling oxidative stress oxide network oxidized species oxidoreductases oxime O-ethers oximes oxo acids oxo carboxylic acids oxo compounds oxoacids oxocarbons oxonium ions oxonium ylides oxyacid oxygen-flask combustion in spectrochemical analysis oxylium ions oxytocin ozone hole ozone layer ozonides σ-orbital

P, M pentaprismo-pro-E, pro-Zpro-R, pro-Spros in histidine nomenclature $\boldsymbol{\pi}$/n rad magnetic sector P-glycoprotein P-nucleotides p-polarization P-selectin packed column in chromatography packing in column chromatography packing of chain stems paddlanes pain pair attenuation coefficient in nuclear chemistry pair correlation length in thin films pair production in nuclear chemistry paired helical filament Pake doublet palaeontology palate palatine raphe Pallmann effect palpitation PAN-based carbon fibres pancytopenia Papanicolaou smear papilledema para-occupational exposure paracortical area paracrine paracrystal paracrystalline disorder of the first kind paracrystalline disorder of the second kind paracrystalline distortion factor paradigm paraffin paraffin impregnated graphite electrode parafollicular cell parallel artificial liquid membrane extraction parallel effect parallel factors analysis parallel reactions parallel synthesis parallel-chain crystal in polymers paralysis paralytic shellfish poisoning paramagnetic paramesonephric duct parametric amplification parametric processes parametrium paramone paraneoplastic autoimmune syndrome paraoxonase paraplegia parasitic twin parasympathetic parasympathetic nervous system parasympatholytic parasympathomimetic paratope paraxial mesoderm parenchymal cell parent hydride parent ion in mass spectrometry parenteral dosage paresis paresthesia Pareto front Pareto optimization parietal parietal lobe Pariser–Parr–Pople method Parkinson disease parthenogenesis partial agonist partial anodic current partial atomic charges partial charge exchange reaction partial charge transfer reaction partial decay constant in nuclear chemistry partial digestion in spectrochemical analysis partial free-draining partial ion yield partial isotherm in surface chemistry partial isotopic scrambling partial kill partial kinetic current in electrochemistry partial least squares partial least squares discriminant analysis partial least squares regression partial mass density partial microscopic diffusion control partial molar Gibbs energy partial molar quantity partial order of reaction partial pressure partial rate factor partial specific volume partial sputtering yield partially draining partially engulfed particle participant in an interlaboratory comparison particle beam interface particle concentration in atmospheric chemistry particle density in nuclear chemistry particle flux density particle immunoassay particle induced X-ray emission analysis particle monolayer particle number concentration particle scattering factor particle scattering function particle size in atmospheric chemistry particle size distribution in atmospheric chemistry particle sorbent in microextraction particle-diameter dispersity particle-embedded glass fibre disc particle-induced gamma-ray-emission analysis particle-loaded membrane disc particular property particulate carbon particulate gel particulate matter in atmospheric chemistry particulate sol partition partition chromatography partition coefficient partition constant partition function partition isotherm in chromatography partition ratio partly open film parturition pascal pass energy in electron spectroscopy passivation in electrochemical corrosion passivation potential in electrochemical corrosion passive avoidance test passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test passive hemagglutination passive immunization passive metal passive sampler passive sampling passive smoking passive state in electrochemical corrosion paste patch test patent ductus arteriosus patentability Paterno–Büchi reaction path fingerprints path length path-length pathogen-associated molecular pattern pathway pATR spectrum pattern collapse pattern recognition pattern recognition receptor pattern transfer patterns of reactivity scheme in polymer science pauci-immune paucidisperse system Paul ion trap Pauli exclusion principle paw-reaching test PC-12 cell PDMR peak in chromatography peak analysis peak area in chromatography peak area method peak base in chromatography peak concentration of a trace atmospheric component peak current peak elution volume in column chromatography peak energy peak enthalpimetry peak fitting peak height in chromatography peak matching peak maximum in chromatography peak parking peak potential peak resolution in chromatography peak stripping peak width at base peak width at half height peak widths in chromatography pearl-necklace model pectins pedosphere Peierls distortion Peierls transition pelagic pellet pelletisation pellicular packing in chromatography pelvic kidney pemphigus penams pendant chain pendant group pendent chain penems penetrant penetration in cell biology penetration depth penicillins Penning excitation in inductively-coupled plasma spectrometry Penning gas mixture Penning ion trap Penning ionization pentads in polymers penultimate-unit effect peptide de novo sequencing peptide fragment ion peptide fragmentation technique peptide mass fingerprinting peptide nucleic acid peptide precursor ion peptide sequence tag peptide tetramer peptide vaccine peptide-binding groove peptides peptidoglycan peptidomics peptization peptization peptoid per acids per capita birth rate per capita death rate per capita rate of increase percent percent diastereoisomer excess percent enantiomer excess percentage error percentage exposed in metallic catalysts percentage relative error percentage standard deviation percentage transmission of sample percolation percolation threshold in a composite material percutaneous perfect network perfectly polarized interphase perforin performance characteristic of a measurement procedure performance score perfusate perfusion in physiology perfusion stationary phase in liquid chromatography periarteriolar lymphoid sheath pericardium pericyclic reaction perikinetic aggregation in colloids perikinetic coagulation perinatal perineum period periodic copolymer periodic copolymerization periodic voltage periodontitis peripheral atom in organic reaction mechanisms peripheral blood peripheral blood leukocyte peripheral blood mononuclear cell peripheral lymphoid organ peripheral nervous system peripheral neuropathy peripheral tolerance periphyton periplanar periselectivity peristalsis peritectic reaction peritectoid reaction peritectoid temperature peritoneal cavity peritoneal dialysis peritoneum peritonic reaction permanent crosslink permanent modifier in electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy permeability permeability coefficient permeability of vacuum permeable permeate permeation permeation chromatography permeation tube permil permissible exposure limit permittivity permittivity of vacuum permselectivity pernicious anemia peroxides peroxisome peroxo compounds peroxy acids perpendicular effect Perrin equation persistence length in polymers persistent persistent inorganic pollutant persistent organic pollutant personal monitoring personal protective device personal sampler perspective formula perstraction perturbation theory perturbed angular correlation spectrometry perturbed dimensions in polymers pervaporation pest pesticide pesticide residue peta petroleum coke petroleum pitch pexophagy Peyer’s patch pH pH glass electrode pH gradient in electrophoresis pH standard pH-partition hypothesis pH-rate profile pH-sensitive electrode pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography pH_0.5 or pH_1/2 in solvent extraction phage display phagocyte phagocytic activity assay phagocytosis phagolysosome phagosome phantom chain behaviour phantom pain pharmaceutical pharmaceutical equivalence pharmaceutics pharmacodynamics pharmacogenetics pharmacogenomics pharmacokinetics pharmacological pharmacologically active pharmacology pharmacophore pharyngeal groove pharyngeal pouch pharynx phase phase 0 clinical studies phase correction phase cycling phase diagram phase domain phase fluorimetry phase function for scattering phase I clinical studies phase I reaction of biotransformation phase II clinical studies phase II reaction of biotransformation phase III clinical studies phase III reaction of biotransformation phase interaction phase inversion phase IV clinical studies phase ratio in chromatography phase ratio in liquid-liquid distribution phase rule phase separation phase transition phase volume ratio in counter-current chromatography phase-space theory phase-transfer catalysis phase-transfer event in a dispersed system phenolates phenolic polymer phenology phenols phenome phenomenological equation phenonium ions phenotype phenotypic screening phenoxides phenylketonuria pheochromocytoma pheromone Philadelphia chromosome philtrum phocomelia phonon phonophobia phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate phosphanes phosphanylidenes phosphatidic acids phosphazenes phosphine oxides phosphines phosphinic acids phosphinidenes phosphinous acids phospho phosphoglycerides phospholipase Cγ phospholipids phosphonic acids phosphonitriles phosphonium compounds phosphonium ylides phosphono phosphonous acids phosphoramides phosphoranes phosphoranyl radicals phosphorescence phosphorescence lifetime phosphorimetry phosphoroscope phosphorus ylides phosphorylation phosphylenes photo- technique in thermal analysis photo-Bergman cyclization photo-Claisen rearrangement photo-elastic polymer photo-Fries rearrangement photo-induced toxicity photo-irritation photoacid generator photoacoustic detector photoacoustic effect photoacoustic saturation photoacoustic spectroscopy photoactive compound photoadsorbate photoadsorption photoadsorption area number photoadsorption capacity photoadsorption centre photoadsorption efficiency photoadsorption fraction photoadsorption photonic yield photoadsorption quantum yield photoaffinity labelling photoallergy photoassisted catalysis photobiology photocaged fluorescent molecules photocarrier photocatalysis photocatalyst photocatalytic active centre photocatalytic activity photocatalytic cell photocatalytic centre photocatalytic efficiency photocatalytic oxidation photochemical aromatic substitution photochemical curing photochemical detector photochemical equivalence photochemical funnel photochemical hole burning photochemical nitrogen extrusion photochemical nucleophile-olefin combination - aromatic substitution photochemical reaction photochemical reaction path photochemical smog photochemical yield photochemistry photochirogenesis photochromic polymer photochromism photoconducting polymer photoconductive detector photoconductivity photocontact dermatitis photocorrosion photocrosslinking photocurrent photocurrent yield photocyclization photocycloaddition photodecarbonylation photodecarboxylation photodeconjugation photodegradation photodesorption photodesorption photodesorption quantum yield photodetachment of electrons photodetrapping photodiode photodiode array photodissociation photodynamic effect photoelectric attenuation coefficient photoelectric detector photoelectric peak photoelectric work function photoelectrical effect photoelectrocatalysis photoelectrochemical cell photoelectrochemical etching photoelectrochemistry photoelectrode photoelectrolytic cell photoelectron spectroscopy photoelectron X-ray satellite peaks photoelectron X-ray satellite subtraction photoelectron yield photoelectrosynthesis photoemission photoemissive detector photoenolisation photoexcitation photogalvanic cell photogenerated catalysis photogenerated charge carrier photographic plate recording photohydration photoimaging photoinduced discharge photoinduced electron transfer photoinduced polymerization photoinitiation photoinitiator photoinjection photoionization photoionization cross section photoionization detector in gas chromatography photoisomerization photolithography photoluminescence photoluminescent polymer photolysis photometry photomineralisation photomultiplier tube photon photon activation photon counting photon echo photon emittance photon exitance photon exposure photon flow photon fluence photon fluence rate photon flux photon irradiance photon number photon quantities photon radiance photonic crystal photonic efficiency photonic yield photonic yield spectrum photonics photooxidation photooxygenation photopeak photoperiod photophobia photophoresis photophosphorylation photophysical processes photopolymerization photoradiation catalysis photoreaction photorearrangement photoreceptor cell photoreduction photorefractive effect photorefractive polymer photoremovable protecting group photoresist photoselection photosensitised reaction photosensitive polymer photosensitivity photosensitization photosensitizer photostationary state photostimulated unimolecular radical nucleophilic substitution photosubstitution photosynthesis photosystem phototautomerisation photothermal effect photothermal spectroscopy photothermocatalysis photothermography phototoxicity phototoxicity test phototransistor photovoltaic cell photovoltaic effect phthaleins phthalides phylogenetics phylogeny phylum physical adsorption physical map in genetics physical network physical pathway physical quantity physiological adaptation physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling physisorption phytochelatin phytoestrogen phytohemagglutinin phytoplankton phytotoxic phytotoxicant pia pico picrates piebaldism Pielou’s J piezoelectric polymer piezoluminescence pile-up in radioanalytical chemistry pileup PIN diode PIN semiconductor detector pinacols pineal gland pinna pinnipeds pinocytosis pIon pipeline pipelining programs pipettor piscicide piscivorous pitch pitch division pitch-based carbon fibres pitting corrosion pituitary Pitzer strain pivotal study placenta placental barrier placental circulation placental insufficiency placental transfer placentation Plackett−Burman design planar chirality planar chromatography planar film planar intramolecular charge transfer planar stereoisomerism planarising layer Planck constant plane angle planktivorous plankton planktotrophic larva plantibody plaque-forming cell plasma in spectrochemistry plasma in biology plasma arc plasma assisted desorption ionization mass spectrometry plasma cell plasma desorption ionization in mass spectrometry plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition plasma etch plasma excitation temperature plasma gases in inductively-coupled plasma plasma induction zone plasma ionization temperature plasma lipoproteins plasma local thermodynamic equilibrium plasma shielding in laser induced breakdown spectroscopy plasma termination in laser induced breakdown spectroscopy plasmablast plasmacytoid dendritic cell plasmacytoma plasmapheresis plasmid plasmon plastic plastic flow plastic transition plate format plate gripper plate height in chromatography plate map plate number in chromatography plate reader plate stacker plate washer plateau border in surface chemistry platelet platelet-activating factor platelet-derived growth factor platform atomization in electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy platinum electrode PLED pleiotropic gene pleiotropism pleura pleural cavity plexus ploidy PLS latent variable PLS loading plug-flow in catalysis plumbism plumbylenes plumbylidenes plume in atmospheric chemistry pluripotent pluripotent stem cell plus, minus pneumatic detector pneumatic nebulizers pneumatically assisted electrospray ionization pneumoconiosis pneumonitis pneumotaxic center pnictogen bond poikilotherm point detector point group point mutation point of zero charge point source poise poison in catalysis poison-bearing poisoning Poisson distribution Poisson–Boltzmann equation pokeweed mitogen polar aprotic solvent polar driving force polar effect polar solvent polar surface area polarisation spectroscopy polarity of a bond polarity of a solvent polarizability polarizable electrode polarization polarization in electrochemistry polarization density polarization error in spectrochemical analysis polarized interphases polarized Raman band polarography polaron poling pollutant pollution pollution rose pollution tolerance index pollution-induced community tolerance poly I:C poly ICLC poly-Ig receptor poly(ethene-1,2-diyl)poly[3,4-(ethylenedioxy)thiophene]polyacetylenes polyacid polyaddition polyalkenylene polyalkylene polyalkynylene polyamide polyamide acid polyamine polyanhydride polyanilines polyarteritis nodosa polyarylenes polyarylenethynylenes polyarylenevinylenes polyatomic fragment polyazomethines polybase polybenzimidazoles polybenzothiazole polybenzoxazole polybetaine polybismaleimide polycarbamate polycarbodiimide polycarbonate polycarborane polycarbosilane polychromator polyclonal polyclonal activator polyclonal antibody polycondensation polycrystalline graphite polycrystalline polymer polycyanurate polycyclic macromolecule polycyclic system polycystic polydactyly polydent polydiacetylenes polydiene polydipsia polydisperse medium polydisperse polymer polyelectrolyte polyelectrolyte complex polyelectrolyte gel polyelectrolyte network polyester polyether polyfluorenes polyfunctional catalysis polygenic control polygermane polyglutarimide polygranular carbon polygranular graphite polyhedral symbol polyhedranes polyhydantoin polyhydrazide polyimidazole polyimides polyions polyisocyanate polyisocyanide polyisocyanurate polyketides polyketone polymer polymer alloy polymer bead polymer blend polymer catalyst polymer clathrate polymer co-crystal polymer co-crystallisation polymer colloid polymer compatibilizer polymer complexation polymer composite polymer content of a polymer dispersion polymer crystal polymer crystallite polymer cyclization polymer degradation polymer dispersion polymer drug polymer emulsion polymer fibre polymer fibril polymer functionalization polymer gel polymer gel particle polymer glass polymer mass fraction polymer melt polymer membrane polymer microparticle polymer microsphere polymer molecule polymer nanoparticle polymer nanosphere polymer network polymer network particle polymer particle polymer phase-transfer catalyst polymer reactant polymer reaction polymer single crystal polymer solvent polymer sorbent polymer support polymer surfactant polymer-derived ceramic polymer-metal complex polymer-poor phase polymer-rich phase polymer-supported catalyst polymer-supported reaction polymer–polymer complex polymer–solvent interaction polymerase polymerase chain reaction polymeric polymeric inner salt polymeric sol polymeric stationary phase in liquid chromatography polymerisation polymerization polymersome polymetaloxane polymolecular polymolecularity correction polymorph polymorphic polymer crystal polymorphic transition polymorphism polymorphonuclear leukocyte polymyositis polyneuritis polyneuropathy polyolefin polyoxadiazoles polyoxyalkylene polyoxyarylene polyoxymethylene polyoxyphenylene polyparabanic acid polypeptides polyphenylenemethylene polyphenylenes polyphenylenethynylenes polyphenylenevinylenes polyphosphate polyphosphazene polyploidy polyprenols polypyrroles polypyrrone polyquinanes polyquinoline polyquinoxaline polyrotaxane polysaccharides polysilanes polysilazane polysiloxane polysilsesquioxane polystannane polysulfanes polysulfides polysulfonamide polysulfone polytetrazines polythiadiazoles polythiazoles polythioester polythioether polythiophenes polytopal rearrangement polytriazine polytypic transition polyunsaturated fatty acids polyurea polyuria polyvinyl acetal polyvinyl ester polyvinyl ether polyvinyl halide polyvinyl ketone polyvinylcarbazoles polyvinylenes polyzwitterions Poole–Frenkel effect pooled relative standard deviation pooled standard deviation popliteal lymph node assay population population at risk population biomass population critical concentration population cycle population density population dynamics population ecology population effect population fluctuation population growth rate population inversion population pyramid population size pore size distribution porencephaly Porod–Kratky chain porosity porous membrane porous pot test porous-layer open-tabular column in chromatography porphyria porphyrin porphyrinogens porphyrins pose diagram position-sensitive photomultiplier tube positive assay control positive feedback positive ion in mass spectrometry positive selection positive-ion yield positive-tone development positron positron annihilation analysis positron emission tomography positron lifetime spectrometry positronium posology post-acceleration detector post-apply bake post-column derivatization in chromatography post-exposure bake post-exposure delay post-filter effect in luminescence spectroscopy post-implantation post-source decay post-translational modification posterior fossa posterior probability postmortem postnatal postpartum postprecipitation postsynaptic potency in pharmacology potential at the point of zero charge potential coupling potential energy potential genotoxic impurity potential of a cell reaction potential of mean force potential temperature potential-determining ions potential-energy profile potential-energy surface potentiation potentiometer potentiometric detection method in electrochemical analysis potentiometric enzyme electrode potentiometric gas sensor potentiometric selectivity coefficient potentiometric stripping analysis potentiometric titration potentiometry potentiostat powder powder grades powder pattern power power compensation differential scanning calorimetry power level power-feed emulsion polymerisation Poynting correction practical certainty of safety pre-association pre-B cell pre-column derivatisation in chromatography pre-eclampsia pre-embryo pre-equilibrium in solvent extraction pre-equilibrium pre-exponential factor pre-filter effect in luminescence spectroscopy pre-gel regime pre-gel state pre-implantation pre-ionization state pre-polymer pre-polymer molecule pre-reactive complexes pre-T cell precautionary principle precession precipitating antibody precipitation precipitation in sol-gel processing precipitation fractionation of polymers precipitation from homogeneous solution in analysis precipitation indicator precipitation polyaddition precipitation polycondensation precipitation polymerisation precipitation titration precipitin precision precision of a balance precision of a weighing precision limit precision of indication of a balance preclinical candidate preconcentration in trace analysis preconcentration coefficient of a desired microcomponent precordial precursor in radioanalytical chemistry precursor complex precursor ion in mass spectrometry precursor ion spectrum predatory mite test predicted environmental concentration predicted no-effect concentration prediction error sum of squares prediction set predictive risk assessment predictive validity predictive value predissociation preferential sorption in polymers preferential sputtering preferred constitutional repeating unit preformulation pregnancy preheating inductively-coupled plasma zone premature birth premature ovarian failure premium coke premix burner in flame spectroscopy prenatal prenatal development study preneoplastic prenol lipids prenols preoptic area prepolymer prepreg prepubertal prepubescence prepuce preputial separation presaturation presenile dementia pressure pressure broadening pressure flow pressure gradient correction factor in gas chromatography pressure jump pressure-induced transition pressure-sensitive detector pressurized hot-water extraction pressurized-liquid extraction presynaptic pretreatment of a catalyst prevalence prevalence rate prick test primary aerosol primary beam primary biliary cirrhosis primary crystallization primary current distribution primary data primary electrons in in situ microanalysis primary examination standard primary excitation primary immune response primary immunization primary ion primary isotope effect primary kinetic electrolyte effect primary kinetic isotope effect primary lamellae primary lymphoid follicle primary lymphoid organ primary metabolite primary mixture primary myxedema primary nucleus primary oocyte primary particle primary particle primary pH standards primary photochemical process primary photoprocess primary photoproduct primary pollutant in atmospheric chemistry primary producer primary protection standard primary radical primary reference examination procedure primary sample primary sclerosing cholangitis primary screen primary sex organ primary species in a chain polymerization primary standard primary structure primary structure of a segment of a polypeptide primary succession primary-radical termination prime primer primitive axis primitive chain primitive change primitive groove primitive node primitive pit primitive streak primordial follicle primordial germ cell primordium principal component loading principal component score principal component-discriminant analysis principal components regression principal group principal ion in mass spectrometry principal moments of inertia principal-component analysis principal-component factor principle of allocation principle of least nuclear motion principle of microscopic reversibility principle of minimum structural change prior distribution prior equilibrium prior informed consent prior probability priority privileged structure pro-pesticide probability probability density probability-based matching probe in biotechnology probe ion probit probit log transform problem formulation in ecological risk assessment procarcinogen procedure validation procedure verification process process in a state of statistical control prochirality prochirality centre Procrustes analysis proctodeum prodromal stage prodrome prodrug prodrug conjugate product product development control product ion product ion analysis product ion spectrum product state distribution product-determining step product-limit method productivity in biotechnology professional antigen-presenting cell proficiency test item proficiency testing proficiency testing provider proficiency testing round proficiency testing scheme profile mode profile of mood state test progenitor ion in mass spectrometry progesterone progestin progestogen program programmable flow extraction programmed-flow chromatography programmed-pressure chromatography programmed-temperature chromatography progression in oncology progressive systemic sclerosis proinflammatory cytokine projected range projection formula prokaryote prolactin prolapse prolate trochoidal mass spectrometer proliferation proliferation assay promoter in gene technology promoter in catalysis promotion prompt coincidence prompt gamma radiation prompt gamma-ray analysis prompt neutrons pronephros pronucleus proof of concept in pharmacology propagating reaction propagating species in a chain polymerization propagation propagule propagule rain propellanes properdin property property value assignment prophage prophase proportional counter proportional counter tube proportional gas-scintillation counter proportional mortality rate proprioception proprioceptor proprochirality prosencephalon prostaglandins prostanoids prostate prosthesis prosthetic group protamine proteases proteasome protected lyophobic colloid protectin protecting group protection of a reactive group protective action in colloid chemistry protective immunity protein A protein complex protein complex purification protein data bank protein data bank file protein database protein engineering protein folding protein fractionation protein fragmentation protein G protein identification protein kinase protein kinase C protein machine protein purification protein quantification protein sequencer protein sequencing protein staining protein-free filtrate protein–protein interaction in ppi proteinase proteinase 3 proteins proteinuria proteoform proteogenomics proteoglycan proteoglycomics proteolipids proteolysis proteolytic digestion proteolytic enzyme proteolytic peptide proteome proteomics protic protide protio protium protocol for interlaboratory comparison protofugality protogenic protolysis proton proton affinity proton charge proton doping proton magnetic moment proton magnetogyric ratio proton number proton rest mass proton transfer reaction proton-bound dimer protonated molecule in mass spectrometry protonation protonation constant protonic conductivity protophilic protophilicity protoplast prototrophs prototropic rearrangement prototype drug proximal in anatomy proximity effect prozone effect pseudo acids pseudo bases pseudo rate constant pseudo-acceptable daily intake pseudo-asymmetric carbon atom pseudo-axial pseudo-bulk behaviour pseudo-catalysis pseudo-co-oligomer pseudo-copolymer pseudo-equatorial pseudo-first-order rate coefficient pseudo-first-order reaction pseudo-ionic polymerization pseudo-unimolecular pseudo-zero-order reaction pseudoadaptation pseudoallergy pseudobulbar affect pseudohalogens pseudohermaphrodite pseudomeningocele pseudomolecular rearrangement pseudopericyclic pseudopolymorph pseudopregnancy pseudorotation pseudorotaxane pseudorotaxane polymer pseudotumor cerebri pseudoureas psoriasis psoriatic psychoactive psychomotor retardation psychoneuroimmunology psychosine psychosis psychotropic psychrometric hygrometer psychrometry pterocarpans Ptolemaic incongruity puberty pubescent pubic pubic symphysis public health impact assessment puffer fish puffing puffing inhibitor pull-down assay pulmonary pulmonary artery pulmonary surfactant pulmonary valve stenosis pulsatance pulse amplitude analyser pulse amplitude selector pulse duration of a laser pulse duration in electroanalytical chemistry pulse energy of a laser pulse height analyser pulse pile-up pulse rate in secondary-ion mass spectrometry pulse reactor in catalysis pulse sequence pulse width in secondary-ion mass spectrometry pulsed extraction field pulsed laser pulsed-field gradient pulsed-laser polymerisation pump-dump-probe technique pump-probe technique pup pure shift yielded by chirp excitation pure-element relative sensitivity factor purified protein derivative purine purine bases Purkinje cell purpura pursuit aiming test push-pull conjugation putamen pyknosis pyloric stenosis pyramidal cell pyramidal inversion pyranoses pyrethroid pyrexia pyrimidine pyrimidine bases pyro pyroelectric detector pyrogen pyrogen test pyrogenic pyrolysis pyrolysis curve in electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy pyrolysis mass spectrometry pyrolysis-gas chromatography pyrolytic carbon pyrolytic graphite pyrromethenes π – π* state π → π* transition π-complex π-conjugated system π-electron donor π-π stacking

Q-e scheme quadro-Q-switched laser q2 Qa antigen QSAR QTc interval quadratic discriminant analysis quadratic field reflectron quadratic mean quadrature detection in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy quadriplegia quadrupolar axialization quadrupolar nuclide quadrupolar relaxation quadrupole ion storage trap quadrupole mass analyser quadrupole splitting in Mössbauer spectroscopy quadrupole time-of-flight qualitative analysis qualitative elemental specificity in analysis quality quality assurance quality control quality control material quality criteria quality factor in nuclear analytical chemistry quality guidelines quality improvement quality management quality management system quality manual quality objective quality of solvent in polymer chemistry quality plan quality planning quality policy quality standards quantal quantal effect quantitation by concatenated tryptic peptides quantitative analysis quantitative polymerase chain reaction quantitative structure–activity relationship in drug design quantitative structure–activity relationships quantitative structure–metabolism relationship quantitative structure–property relationship quantity quantity calculus quantity of dimension one quantized internal energy quantum of radiation quantum cascade laser quantum confinement effect quantum counter quantum efficiency quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics quantum tunneling polymer composite quantum well multilayer quantum yield quantum-mechanical tunnelling quarter-transition-time potential quartet state quartz atomizer quartz–iodine lamp quasi-axial quasi-classical trajectory method quasi-enantiomers quasi-equatorial quasi-equilibrium quasi-equilibrium theory quasi-molecular ion in mass spectrometry quasi-racemic compound quasi-reference electrode quasi-single-strand polymer quasiparticle quaternary ammonium compounds quaternary structure quaterpolymer QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) extraction quencher quenching in radiation detectors quenching quenching constant in photochemistry quenching correction in photochemistry quickening quinarenes quinhydrones quinomethanes quinomethides quinone diazides quinones quinonimines quinonoximes Quistor quotient method γ-quantum θ state in polymers

R, S r, s R*, S*R_M value in planar chromatography R_p, S_p racRe, Si relRS r diad R-group decomposition r-strategy r2 rabbit racemate racemic racemic compound racemic conglomerate racemic mixture racemic packing racemization racemo structures in polymers rachischisis rad radial arm maze radial development radial ejection radial electrostatic field analyser in mass spectrometry radial elution in planar chromatography radial immunodiffusion radial sectioning radial viewing mode radian radiance radiant dose radiant emittance radiant energy radiant energy density radiant exitance radiant exposure radiant flux radiant flux radiant intensity radiant power radiant quantities radiation radiation adsorption radiation catalysis radiation catalyst radiation chemistry radiation constants radiation continuum in spectrochemistry radiation counter radiation damping radiation desorption radiation detector radiation filter radiation hazard radiation reaction radiation sensitisation radiation sensitiser radiation spectrum radiation thermal catalysis radiation toxicology radiation trapping radiation-activation of a catalyst radiation-chemical yield radiation-generated catalysis radiation-induced adsorption radiation-stimulated diffusion radiationless deactivation radiationless transition radiative absorption in spectrochemistry radiative capture radiative charge carrier recombination radiative de-excitation in spectrochemistry radiative energy transfer radiative lifetime radiative transfer equation radiative transition radical radical anion radical cation radical centre radical combination radical copolymerization radical disproportionation radical entry radical entry frequency radical exit radical exit frequency radical ion radical pair radical photosubstitution radical polymerization radical reactivity scale in a chain polymerization radical ring-opening polymerization radicofunctional name radiculitis radioactive radioactive age radioactive chain radioactive contamination radioactive cooling radioactive dating radioactive decay radioactive equilibrium radioactive fallout radioactive half life radioactive series radioactive source radioactive steady state radioactive tracer radioactive tracer technique in analysis radioactive waste radioactivity radioallergosorbent test radioanalytical chemistry radiochemical activation analysis radiochemical purification radiochemical purity radiochemical separation radiochemical yield radiochemistry radiochromatograph radiocolloid radioenzymatic assay radiofrequency radiofrequency coil radiofrequency generator in an inductively-coupled plasma spectrometer radiofrequency glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy radiograph radiogravimetric analysis radioimmunoassay radioimmunoconjugate radioiodination radioisotope radioisotope dilution analysis radioisotope induced X-ray emission analysis radioligand radioluminescence radiolysis radiometric analysis radiometric titration radiometry radionuclide radionuclidic purity radioreceptor assay radiorelease analysis radiosonde radius of gyration raffinate rain out in atmospheric chemistry rain-out Raman band Raman optical activity Raman scattering Raman shift Raman spectroscopy Raman spectrum Raman wavenumber shift Randles–Ševčík equations random coil in polymers random coincidence in nuclear chemistry random copolymer random copolymerization random error random forest method random incidence spectrum random sample random sampling range in analysis range of measurement of an analyser range straggling Raoult's law Raoult’s law rapid-scan Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy rare-earth-metal-mediated coordination-addition polymerization rarefaction estimate of richness raster raster scan rate rate coefficient rate constant rate constant rate constant-based model rate difference rate law rate of appearance rate of change of a quantity rate of change ratio rate of consumption rate of conversion rate of disappearance rate of flow of liquid metal in polarography rate of fluid consumption in flame emission and absorption spectrometry rate of formation rate of generation of charge carriers rate of liquid consumption in flame spectroscopy rate of migration in electrophoresis rate of nucleation rate of polymerisation rate of reaction rate of surface recombination rate ratio in epidemiology rate-controlling step rate-determining step rate-of-living theory of aging ratemeter in radiochemistry ratio ratticide raw coke raw data Rayleigh limit Rayleigh ratio Rayleigh scattering Raynaud phenomenon rayon-based carbon fibres re-extraction reabsorption in biology reactance reactant reacting bond rules reaction reaction barrier reaction chromatography reaction coordinate reaction cross-section reaction dynamics reaction injection moulding reaction intermediate reaction mechanism reaction path reaction path degeneracy reaction probability reaction stage reaction step reaction time reactive reactive adsorption reactive airways dysfunction syndrome reactive astrocyte reactive blending reactive complex reactive desorption reactive desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry reactive gliosis reactive ion etching reactive nitrogen species reactive oxygen species reactive polymer reactive polymer processing reactive scattering reactivity index reactivity–selectivity principle readability of a balance readily biodegradable reading reagent reagent gas reagent ion reagin real interphase real potential of a species in a phase real spectrum real surface area real-time polymerase chain reaction realised niche rearing in toxicity testing rearrangement rearrangement ion in mass spectrometry rearrangement stage reasonable maximum exposure reasonable worst case rebound rebound headache rebound reaction recalcitrance recall recall antigen received radiant flux density receiver-operator characteristic curve receiving water receptor in drug design receptor in toxicokinetics receptor-mediated endocytosis recessive recessive gene reciprocal mesenchymal-epithelial interaction reciprocal salt system reciprocal translocation recognition site recoil in radioanalytical chemistry recoil labelling recoil-free fraction in Mössbauer spectrometry recombinant antibody recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid recombinant DNA technology recombination recombination centre recombination energy recombination fluorescence recombination of photocarriers recombination signal sequence recombination-activating gene recommended exposure level in toxicology recommended limit reconstituted water reconstitution reconstructive transition recovered quantity value ratio recovery recovery factor in an extraction process recovery time of a radiation counter recrystallization rectilinear ion trap rectum recursive partitioning recycling of waste red pulp red shift redeposition redox doping of a polymer redox indicator redox ion exchangers redox mediation redox polymer redox potential reduced adsorption reduced limiting sedimentation coefficient reduced mass reduced mobile phase velocity in chromatography reduced osmotic pressure reduced plate height reduced pressure reduced sample reduced sedimentation coefficient reduced species reduced temperature reduced viscosity of a polymer reducing in analytical chemistry reduction reductive elimination reductones redundancy hypothesis Reed–Sternberg cell referee sample reference atom in organic reaction mechanisms reference cell reference concentration reference data reference distribution reference dose reference electrode reference environment reference examination procedure reference examination standard reference flux density reference individual reference interval reference ion reference laboratory reference limit reference material reference material certificate reference material certification reference material certification report reference material producer reference method reference nominal property value reference population reference procedure in analysis of trace air constituents reference sample group reference sediment reference site reference state of an element reference toxicant reference toxicity test reference value reference value pH standard reflectance reflected power reflection reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy reflection factor reflection high energy electron diffraction reflection-absorption at grazing incidence reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy reflector voltage reflectron reflex reflex sympathetic dystrophy refraction effects refractive index refractive index increment in polymer chemistry regeneration of a catalyst regioirregular polymer region in geography regiorandom polymer regioregular polymer regioselectivity regression analysis regular adjacent re-entry model regular block in a polymer regular coke regular comb macromolecule regular dendrimer regular dendrimer molecule regular dendron regular macromolecular rotaxane regular macromolecule regular oligomer molecule regular polymer regular single-strand polymer regular star macromolecule regular surface regular surface site regularization regularized discriminant analysis regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted regulator gene regulatory dose regulatory idiotope regulatory sequence regulatory T cell Rehm–Weller equation reinforced reaction injection moulding reinforcement in psychology Reissert compounds rejection in immunology rejection interval relative relative activity relative adsorption relative atomic mass relative biological effectiveness of radiation relative configuration relative counting in nuclear chemistry relative counting efficiency relative density relative detection limit relative electrode potential relative elongation relative error relative excess risk relative hardness relative humidity relative instrument spectral response function relative isotope-ratio difference relative isotopic sensitivity factor relative local current density relative mass accuracy relative micellar mass relative molar mass relative molecular mass relative molecular-mass exclusion limit relative permeability relative permittivity relative photonic efficiency relative preconcentration in trace analysis relative quantification in proteomics relative resolution of a spectrometer relative responsivity relative retardation in planar chromatography relative retention in column chromatography relative risk relative selectivity in catalysis relative spectral responsivity relative sputtering rate relative standard deviation relative systemic availability relative uncertainty relative viscosity relative viscosity increment relative volumic mass relativistic effects relaxant relaxation relaxation energy in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy relaxation kinetics relaxation map relaxation reagent relaxation spectrum relaxation time releaser in analytical flame spectroscopy rem remedial investigation remedial investigation and feasibility study remediation remedy remote sensing renal renal plasma flow Renner–Teller effect reorganization in polymers reorganization energy in electron transfer repeat action dosage form repeatability repeatability condition of examination repeatability condition of measurement repeating distance repeating distance repellent reperfusion repetency repetition rate of a pulsed laser repetition rate in secondary-ion mass spectrometry repetition time replacement name replacement operation in organic nomenclature replicate sample replicate sampling replication repolarization report in analysis reporter probe reprecipitation representative sample repression reproducibility reproducibility condition of examination reproductive cycle reproductive senescence reproductive toxicant reproductive toxicity reproductive toxicity test reproductive toxicology reproductive value reptation repulsive potential-energy surface requirement rescue effect reserve capacity reserve sample reservoir in biology residence time residence time in biotechnology residential macrophage residual current residual dipolar coupling residual emission anisotropy residual fuel/oil residual gas analyser residual liquid junction error in pH measurement residual risk residual spectrum/background spectrum in mass spectrometry residue resilience of a community resin resist resist polymer resist profile resist strip resistance resistivity resolution in gas chromatography resolution resolution in optical spectroscopy resolution in stereochemistry resolution of a design resolution phase resolution: 10 per cent valley definition resolution: peak width definition resolving power in mass spectrometry resolving power in optical spectroscopy resolving time in nuclear analytical chemistry resolving time correction in nuclear analytical chemistry resonance resonance absorption technique resonance broadening resonance cross-section in Mössbauer spectrometry resonance effect resonance effect resonance effect magnitude in Mössbauer spectrometry resonance emission resonance energy resonance energy in radiochemistry resonance fluorescence resonance fluorescence technique resonance form resonance hybrid resonance integral resonance integral in radiochemistry resonance ion ejection resonance lamp resonance line in photochemistry resonance line in X-ray spectroscopy resonance neutrons resonance radiation resonance Raman scattering resonance reaction resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization resonant inelastic X-ray scattering resorption resorptive effect respirable dust respiratory burst respiratory hypersensitivity assay response response constant in electroanalytical chemistry response scrambling response surface methodology response time of a radiation detector response time of an analyser responsive gel responsivity in detection of radiation rest point of a balance resting potential restricted rotation restricted-access sorbent restriction enzymes restriction fragment length polymorphism restriction site result in analysis retainer and eluter in counter-current chromatography retardation in polymer science retardation factor in column chromatography retardation factor in planar chromatography retarder rete rete testis retentate retentate stream retention in nuclear chemistry retention effect retention efficiency in particle separation retention factor in column chromatography retention index in column chromatography retention of configuration retention temperature in chromatography retention time in size-exclusion chromatography retention time in chromatography retention time of an unretained compound in size-exclusion chromatography retention volume in size-exclusion chromatography retention volume of an unretained compound in size-exclusion chromatography retention volume of the stationary phase in counter-current chromatography retention volumes in chromatography reticulate doped polymer reticulation retina retinoic acid retinoids retinopathy retro retro Diels–Alder reaction retro-ene reaction retroaddition retrocycloaddition retrograde axonal transport retrograde neurotransmission retrograde solubility retroperitoneal retrospective risk assessment retrospective study retrosynthesis returned effect of poisons reuptake reverse genetics reverse geometry reverse immunology reverse iodine-transfer polymerization reverse library search reverse micelle reverse mutation reverse osmosis reverse passive agglutination reverse transcriptase reverse transcriptases reverse transcription reversed direct-injection burner in analytical flame spectroscopy reversed isotope dilution analysis reversed-phase chromatography reversible alteration reversible chain deactivation reversible network reversible transition reversible-addition-fragmentation chain-transfer agent reversible-addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization reversible-addition-fragmentation radical polymerization reversible-deactivation anionic polymerization reversible-deactivation cationic polymerization reversible-deactivation coordination polymerization reversible-deactivation ionic polymerization reversible-deactivation polymerization reversible-deactivation radical polymerization reversing heat flow revolutions per minute Rey–Osterrieth complex figure test RF value in chromatography RF-only quadrupole rhabdomyolysis rheology rheopexic gel rheopexy rhesus factor rhesus factor rheumatic fever rheumatoid arthritis rheumatoid factor rhinitis rhodamine dyes rhombencephalon rhombohedral graphite rhonchus ribbon delocalisation ribonucleic acids ribonucleotides ribosomal RNA ribosomes Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel theory Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus theory riffling in analytical chemistry right-handed helix righting reflex righting test rigid chain rigid membranes ring and double bond equivalent ring assembly ring reversal ring test ring-opening copolymerization ring-opening metathesis polymerization ring-opening nucleophilic chain polymerization ring-opening polymerization ring-sector Ringelmann chart in atmospheric chemistry ringing gel rinse solvent riparian rise time rise time of an analyser rise velocity in flame emission and absorption spectrometry risk risk de minimisrisk analysis risk assessment risk assessment management process risk associated with a lifetime exposure risk aversion risk characterisation risk communication risk estimation risk evaluation risk hypotheses in ecological risk assessment risk identification risk management risk marker risk monitoring risk perception risk phrases risk quotient risk ratio risk reduction risk source risk-specific dose Ritchie equation rivet popper hypothesis RNA RNA interference Robertsonian translocation robot rocket electrophoresis rod group rod-coil copolymer rod-like morphology rodenticide röntgen root mean square error of cross validation root mean squared error of calibration root mean squared error of prediction root-mean-square end-to-end distance in polymers root-mean-square end-to-end distance of a freely rotating chain root-mean-square radius of gyration root-mean-square unperturbed end-to-end distance root-mean-square unperturbed radius of gyration Rosanoff convention rosette rostral rotamer rotarod test rotated Fischer projection rotating disc electrode rotating disk sorptive extraction rotating-frame NOE spectroscopy rotation per helix residue rotation-vibration spectrum rotational barrier rotational branch rotational constants rotational correlation time rotational diffusion rotational diffusion coefficient rotational echo double resonance rotational frequency in centrifugation rotational frictional coefficient in polymer science rotational isomeric state in polymer science rotational relaxation time rotational term rotator phase transition rotatory power rotaxane constitutional repeating unit rotaxane constitutional unit rotaxane end-unit rotaxane monomer rotaxane monomeric unit rotaxane polymer rotaxanes rotenoids rotometer in atmospheric chemistry roughness factor of a surface Rouse chain Rouse theory route of exposure rovibronic state row structure rRNA rubredoxin ruby laser ruggedness of a measurement procedure rule of five rule of three rules of practical causal inference run bias run-off in ecology runt rupture of a thin film Rutherford backscattering Rutherford backscattering spectrometry Rutherford cross section Rydberg constant Rydberg orbital Rydberg state Rydberg transition RYDMR γ-radiation γ-ray spectrometer

S sc Si sp SR sym-syns-cis, s-transS9 fraction saccadic eye movement saccharides saccharolipids Sackur–Tetrode constant sacral agenesis sacrificial acceptor sacrificial donor sacrificial hyperconjugation saddle field gun saddle point safe concentration safety safety data sheet safety pharmacology sagittal Saha’s ionization equation Saint Anthony fire salinity saliva salpingectomy salt salt bridge salt effect salt form of an ion exchanger salt tolerance index salting in salting out sample in analytical chemistry sample bias sample charging sample controlled technique in thermal analysis sample error in spectrochemical analysis sample flux density sample handling in analysis sample injector in chromatography sample introduction in isotachophoresis separations sample pre-treatment sample quality control sample unit sample voltage sampled DC polarography sampler sampling sampling cone sampling error sampling increment sampling interval in electroanalysis sampling plan in analytical chemistry sampling target sampling time in electroanalysis sampling unit sandwich compounds sandwich immunoassay Sanger sequencing sanitary land fill Santa Ana dexterity test saprobic saprobic index saprobic water classification saprobien spectrum saprophyte sarcoidosis sarcoma satellite groups saturable elimination saturated solution saturating solute saturation saturation in radioanalytical chemistry saturation activity saturation capacity saturation capacity saturation fraction saturation loading saturation mutagenesis saturation transfer saturation transfer difference spectroscopy saturation vapour pressure saturator saturnia saturnism sawhorse projection Saytzeff rule scaffold scaffold hopping scaler scaling scaling circuit scaling equation scaling factor scaling law scan in thermal analysis scan cycle time scan rate scanning calorimetry scanning electron microscopy scanning method in mass spectrometry scanning near-field optical microscopy scanning proton microscopy scanning technique in thermal analysis scanning transmission electron microscopy scanning-probe lithography scaphocephaly Scatchard equation Scatchard plot scattered-ion energy scattered-ion energy ratio scattering scattering albedo scattering angle scattering coefficient scattering cross-section scattering error in spectrochemical analysis scattering geometry scattering matrix scattering plane scattering vector scavenger scavenger receptor scavenging in atmospheric chemistry scFv schedule of reinforcement schedule-controlled operant behaviour scheduling software Schenck reaction Schenck-sensitization mechanism Schiff bases Schiller layers Schottky barrier Schottky-barrier photodiode Schulz–Zimm distribution Schulze–Hardy rule Schwann cell scintillation scintillation counter scintillation detector scintillation proximity assay scintillation spectrometer scintillators scleroderma sclerosis scoliosis Scombroid poisoning scope for growth scope of activity score scores plot scoring scotoma scrambling screen screen validation screening screening function screening level screening test scrotum scrubber in atmospheric chemistry scrubbing in atmospheric chemistry Sechenov equation seco-second second of arc second harmonic generation second messenger second set rejection second-order transition secondary challenge secondary crystallization secondary current distribution secondary electron multiplier in mass spectrometry secondary electrons in in situ microanalysis secondary examination standard secondary excitation secondary fluorescence in X-ray emission spectroscopy secondary immune response secondary ion secondary ionization in mass spectrometry secondary isotope effect secondary kinetic electrolyte effect secondary kinetic isotope effect secondary lamellae secondary lymphoid tissue secondary metabolites secondary neutral mass spectrometry secondary nucleation secondary oocyte secondary parkinsonism secondary poisoning secondary pollution secondary radiation secondary radical in a chain polymerization secondary relaxation secondary relaxation peak secondary relaxation temperature secondary screen secondary sexual characteristic secondary species in a chain polymerization secondary standard secondary structure secondary substrate metabolism secondary succession secondary-electron yield secondary-electron yield in in situ microanalysis secondary-electron yield in secondary-ion mass spectrometry secondary-ion angular distribution secondary-ion energy distribution secondary-ion mass spectrometry secondary-ion yield secretion secretory component secretory immunoglobulin A sector mass spectrometer secular equation secular equilibrium sedative sediment sedimentation sedimentation in chemistry sedimentation coefficient sedimentation equilibrium sedimentation field strength sedimentation field-flow fractionation sedimentation potential difference sedimentation velocity sedimentation velocity method sedimentation volume seed particle seeded dispersion polymerisation seeded emulsion polymerisation segment in analytical chemistry segmented copolymer segmented flow analysis segmented flow extraction segregated star macromolecule segregation segregation in polymers seizure selected area electron diffraction selected ion flow tube selected ion monitoring in mass spectrometry selected reaction monitoring selected-area aperture selectin selection in biotechnology selection components selection rule selective in analysis selective corrosion selective decoupling selective detector selective detector in chromatography selective digestion selective elution in chromatography selective excitation selective IgA deficiency selective inhibition selective micro-sample in spectrochemical analysis selective poisoning in catalysis selective preconcentration in trace analysis selective pulse selective sample selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor selective solvent in polymer chemistry selective sorption selectively labelled selectively-labelled isotopic tracer selectivity selectivity selectivity of a reagent selectivity assay selectivity coefficient in ion exchange chromatography selectivity factor selectivity factor in ion exchange chromatography selectivity ratio selector gene selenenic acids selenides seleninic acids selenocyanates selenols selenones selenonic acids selenoxides self inductance self-absorption self-absorption broadening of a spectral line self-absorption effect in luminescence spectroscopy self-absorption factor of a radiation source self-assembled monolayer self-assembly self-avoiding random-walk chain self-chemical ionization self-cleaning of water in a reservoir self-diffusion coefficient self-initiated polymerisation self-localized excitations in conjugated organic polymers self-nucleation self-poisoning in catalysis self-purification of the atmosphere self-quenching self-reversal self-shielding self-tolerance sella turcica selones Selyean stress semelparous species semen semi-continuous activated sludge test semi-continuous emulsion polymerisation semi-dendritic constitutional repeating unit semi-dilute solution semi-empirical quantum mechanical methods semi-interpenetrating polymer network semi-rigid chain semicarbazones semicoke semiconductor semiconductor detector semiconductor laser semiconductor-metal transition seminal vesicle seminiferous tubule semiochemical semioxamazones semipermeable membrane semipermeable membrane device semiquinones semisystematic name senile dementia senility senior constitutional repeating unit seniority in organic nomenclature sensitive area of a radiation detector sensitive volume of a radiation detector sensitivity in mass spectrometry sensitivity in metrology and analytical chemistry sensitivity analysis sensitivity of a measuring system sensitization sensitization in colloid chemistry sensitized luminescence sensitized strain sensitizer sensor sensory effect level sensory neuron sentinel species separability assumption separated flame in flame spectroscopy separation coefficient separation factor in column chromatography separation factor in liquid-liquid distribution separation number in chromatography separation temperature in chromatography sepsis septum sequence sequence rules sequencing of nucleic acids sequential analyser sequential detection in glow discharge optical emission spectrometry sequential extraction sequential indication of an analyser sequential injection analysis extraction device sequential interpenetrating polymer network sequential measuring cell sequential sample sequential semi-interpenetrating polymer network sequential spectrometer series of analytical results seroconversion serology serotoninergic serous Sertoli cell Sertoli–Leydig cell tumor serum serum sickness sesquiterpenoids sesterterpenoids seston settling chamber in atmospheric chemistry settling error in spectrochemical analysis settling velocity severe combined immunodeficiency sex chromatin sex chromosome sex-determining region Y protein sexual dimorphism sexual maturation sexual maturity sexual reproduction sexual selection sexually dimorphic nucleus shakeoff shakeup shallow trap Shannon–Wiener diversity index shape selectivity in catalysis shape-memory polymer shear breakdown shear dependent viscosity shear modulus shear rate shear strain shear stress shear thickening shear thinning shear transition shear viscosity sheath flow interface sheath gas sheath liquid sheep red blood cell antigen shelf life Shelford’s law of tolerance shell-crosslinked micelle shellfish poisoning Shewhart control chart Shewhart control limit Shewhart means chart Shewhart range chart shielded flame shielding shielding constant shift factor shift reagent Shirley background shish-kebab structure short chain short circuit photocurrent short-chain branch short-chain branch short-range intramolecular interactions in polymers short-term exposure limit shot noise shotgun lipidomics shotgun method shotgun proteomics shots per pixel in secondary-ion mass spectrometry shrinkage shunt shut-down state in analysis shut-down time in analysis shuttle vector SI sialon sibling sick building syndrome side chain side group side group or side-chain polymer liquid crystal side-chain macromolecular rotaxane side-chain rotaxane polymer side-chain self-assembly side-effect siderosis sidestream smoke siemens sievert Sieverts’ law sieving sigmatropic rearrangement sign signal in analysis signal peptide signal sequence signal transducer and activator of transcription signal transduction signal-to-noise ratio signaling lectin signalling lipids silanes silanols silasesquiazanes silasesquioxanes silasesquithianes silathianes silazanes silicones silicosis siloxanes silt silver electrode silver film silver staining silyl groups silyl radicals silylation silylene similarity ensemble approach similarity index similarity searching simple reaction time test simple shear simple-to-use interactive self-modelling mixture analysis simplified molecular input line entry system simplified molecular input line entry system Simpson’s diversity index SIMS ion image simulated annealing simulated field studies simulation technique in analysis simulation test simultaneous interpenetrating polymer network simultaneous nucleation simultaneous pair transitions simultaneous reactions simultaneous semi-interpenetrating polymer network simultaneous spectrometer simultaneous steam distillation-solvent extraction simultaneous technique in thermal analysis single beam spectrum single cell protein single channel pulse height analyser single crystal nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy single escape peak single linkage single nucleotide polymorphism single photon counting single scattering single-beam spectrometer single-chain antibody single-drop microextraction single-electron transfer mechanism single-focusing mass spectrometer single-photon timing single-step reaction single-strand chain in a polymer single-strand macromolecule single-strand polymer singlet molecular oxygen singlet state singlet-singlet absorption singlet-singlet annihilation singlet-singlet energy transfer singlet-triplet absorption singlet-triplet energy transfer singlet–triplet crossing singly labelled singular value decomposition sink in atmospheric chemistry sinoatrial node sintering sinus sinus venosus sister chromatid exchange site splitting site-directed mutagenesis situs inversus size effect size-exclusion chromatography Sjögren syndrome skeletal atom skeletal bond skeletal fluorosis skeletal formula skeletal structure skew skimmer skin skin immune system skin sensitization test skin test Slater determinant Slater-type orbital slimicide slip slip casting slit width of a dispersive spectrometer slope factor slot burner slow coagulation rate slow coagulation rate coefficient slow neutrons slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis SLUDDE slugging SM-interference small G protein small inhibitory double-stranded RNA small interfering RNA molecule small molecule small outer capsid protein small particle in radiation scattering small-angle X-ray scattering SMARTS smectic smectic mesophase smectic state SMIRKS smog in atmospheric chemistry smog chamber in atmospheric chemistry smog index in atmospheric chemistry smoke smooth transition smoothing soap soap curd soap film social interaction test societal risk soft acid soft bake soft base soft independent modelling of class analogy soft ionization soft lithography soft-segment phase domain soil soil partition coefficient soiling in atmospheric chemistry sol sol fraction sol-gel coating sol-gel critical concentration sol-gel material sol-gel metal oxide sol-gel process sol-gel silica sol-gel transition solar cell solar conversion efficiency solar flare solar radiation in atmospheric chemistry solid amalgam electrode solid angle solid angle of analyser solid dispersion solid phase antibody radioimmunoassay solid polymer electrolyte solid solution solid solution solid state lasers solid support in column chromatography solid volume in column chromatography solid-phase dynamic extraction solid-phase extraction solid-phase microextraction solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy solid-state polymerisation solidification solidification model solidified floating organic drop solidified floating organic drop microextraction solids content solidus soliton Solonitsyn effect solubilisation solubilising agents solubility solubility constant solubility parameter solubility parameter solubility product solubilization solute solute-volatilization interference in flame spectroscopy solution solvate solvation solvation energy solvatochromic relationship solvatochromism solvatomers solvent solvent in liquid-liquid distribution solvent abuse solvent blank flux density solvent desorption solvent drag solvent extraction solvent front in chromatography solvent ion exchange solvent isotope effect solvent migration-distance in chromatography solvent mole fraction solvent nucleation solvent parameter solvent regeneration in extraction processes solvent shift solvent suppression solvent transport rate in an inductively-coupled plasma spectrometer solvent vapor annealing solvent volume fraction solvent-induced symmetry breaking solvent-separated ion pair solvent-separated ion pair solvent-shared ion pair solvolysis solvophilic solvophobic solvophobicity parameter solvus somatic somatic death somatic diversification theory somatic gene conversion somatic hypermutation somatic recombination somatic risk somatomedin somatotropin somite SOMO sonic hedgehog sonic spray ionization sonication sonogel sonoluminescence sonophotocatalytic reactor sonosol soot soporific sorbate sorbent sorbent trap sorbent-containing pipette tip Soret band sorption in colloid chemistry sorption constant sorption isotherm in ion exchange sorption techniques in trace analysis sorptive insertion in surface catalysis sorptive-tape extraction source efficiency source term Southern blot Soxhlet extraction space charge in a semiconductor space charge effect space charge region space formula space time in catalysis space velocity in catalysis spacer spacer arm spare receptor spark ionization in mass spectrometry spasm spasmolytic spastic spasticity spatial-distribution interference in flame spectroscopy spatially offset Raman spectroscopy spatially resolving detector of radiation spawn spawning Spearman–Karber method special salt effect speciation in chemistry speciation analysis in chemistry species in taxonomy species assemblage species differences in sensitivity species diversity species evenness species imbalance species richness species sensitivity distribution species-specific sensitivity species–area relationship species–deletion stability specific in quantities specific in analysis specific absorption coefficient specific acid–base catalysis specific action concept specific activity in radiochemistry specific activity (radionuclide) of a radionuclide specific adsorption specific binding in DNA-protein interactions specific burn-up specific catalysis specific conductance specific death rate specific detector in chromatography specific gravity specific heat capacity specific ionization in nuclear chemistry specific napierian attenuance coefficient specific napierian scattering coefficient specific pathogen free specific permeability in chromatography specific photoadsorption number specific photon emission specific pore volume of a catalyst specific resolution in size-exclusion chromatography specific retention volume in chromatography specific surface area in surface chemistry specific volume specific weight specifically absorbing ion specifically labelled specifically labelled tracer specificity of a two-class model specified requirement specimen in analytical chemistry spectator hole spectator mechanism spectator-stripping reaction spectral background of an excitation source spectral band spectral bandwidth spectral bandwidth error in spectrochemical analysis spectral distribution spectral effectiveness spectral fluence spectral fluence rate spectral intensity spectral interference in flame spectroscopy spectral irradiance spectral line of an atom spectral overlap spectral photon exitance spectral photon flow spectral photon flux spectral photon irradiance spectral photon radiance spectral photonic yield spectral quantities spectral quantum yield spectral radiance spectral radiant energy spectral radiant energy density spectral radiant exitance spectral radiant flux spectral radiant intensity spectral radiant power spectral range of a spectrometer spectral resolution of an instrument spectral responsivity spectral responsivity function spectral sensitivity spectral sensitization spectral skewing spectral spheradiance spectral subtraction spectral width in NMR spectrochemical buffer in atomic spectroscopy spectrochemical carrier in atomic spectroscopy spectroelectrochemistry spectrogram spectrograph spectrometer spectrometer response function spectrometer transmission function spectrometry spectrometry spectroscope spectroscopy spectrum spectrum analysis specular reflectance in optical spectroscopy specular reflection specular X-ray reflectrometry speed speed distribution function speed of light in a vacuum Spemann organizer sperm sperm banking sperm motility spermatid spermatocide spermatocyte spermatogenesis spermatogonial chromosome aberration test spermatogonium spermatozoon spermiation spermiogenesis sphenoid bone spherand spherical carbonaceous mesophase spherical radiance spherical radiant exposure spherical top spheronisation spherulite sphincter sphingolipid sphingolipids sphingomyelin sphingosine spike spiked bioassay approach spillover hypothesis spin of a nucleus spin adduct spin conservation rule spin contamination spin counting spin crossover spin decoupling spin density spin echo spin label spin polarization spin probe spin projection spin system spin trapping spin-allowed electronic transition spin-flip method spin-flip transition spin-flop transition spin-glass transition spin-lattice relaxation spin-lattice relaxation time spin-orbit splitting spin-Peierls transition spin-spin relaxation spin-spin relaxation time spin-state transition spin-statistical factor in diffusion-controlled reactions spin–orbit coupling spin–orbit coupling constant spin–spin coupling spin–spin coupling constant spina bifida spinal column spinal cord spinning sidebands spinodal spinodal decomposition spiral arteriole spiro atom spiro chain in a polymer spiro compounds spiro macromolecule spiro polymer spiro union splanchnic spleen splenic splenocyte splicing split adjuvant technique split-flow thin-cell fractionation spondylitis spongioblast spontaneous abortion spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis spontaneous emission spontaneous fission spontaneous resolution spontaneous termination spot in chromatography spot sampling spray chamber spray ionization sprayer in flame spectroscopy spread monolayer spreader spreading function in chromatography spreading wetting sputter depth profile sputter rate sputter yield sputtering sputtering rate sputtering yield square-wave current square-wave voltammetry stability constant stability half life stability ratio stable stable age distribution stable film, metastable film stable ion in mass spectrometry stable isotope labelling in proteomics stable isotope ratio analysis of amino acids in cell culture stable isotope standards and capture by anti-peptide antibodies stable population stable radical in SRMP stable-radical-mediated polymerization stably transfected cells stacking interactions stage in liquid–liquid extraction stagewise contactor staggered conformation stagnant inversion in atmospheric chemistry stalk stamp stand-by state in analysis standard in general standard in regulation standard acceleration of free fall standard amount concentration standard atmosphere standard atomic weights standard chemical potential standard concentration standard conditions for gases standard deviation standard deviation for proficiency assessment standard electrode potential standard electromotive force standard entropy of activation standard equilibrium constant standard error of estimates standard error of prediction standard error of the mean standard Gibbs energy of activation standard hydrogen electrode standard molality standard morbidity ratio standard mortality ratio standard operating procedure standard potential of an electrode reaction standard potential of the reaction in a chemical cell standard pressure standard rate constant of an electrode reaction standard reaction quantities standard solution standard state standard subtraction method in electroanalytical chemistry standard thermodynamic quantities standard uncertainty standard vacuum level standardization stannosis stannoxanes stannylenes stannylidenes star copolymer star macromolecule star polymer Stark effect start-up time in analysis starting line in chromatography starting point startle reaction startle reflex state crossing state diagram state function state-to-state kinetics static extraction static field static fields mass spectrometer static headspace analysis static light scattering static limit in secondary-ion mass spectrometry static magnetic flux density static pressure static quenching static secondary-ion mass spectrometry static self-assembly static stability static structure factor static technique in thermal analysis static-renewal test static-toxicity test stationary phase in fermentation stationary phase in chromatography stationary phase volume in chromatography stationary state stationary-phase fraction statistical coil statistical coil statistical copolymer statistical copolymerization statistical factor statistical process control statistical pseudo-copolymer statistical segment in polymers statistical weight status epilepticus steady state in liquid-liquid distribution steady state steady state approximation steady state extraction steady-state sputtering steady-state surface composition sputtering stealth Stefan–Boltzmann constant stem in polymer crystals stem cell stenosis stent step in chromatography step height in chromatography step-scan interferometer stepped surface stepwise elution in chromatography stepwise reaction stepwise technique in thermal analysis steradian stereoblock macromolecule stereoblock polymer stereochemical formula stereochemical non-rigidity stereoconvergence stereocopolymer stereodescriptor stereoelectronic stereoelectronic control stereoformula stereogenic center stereogenic unit stereoheterotopic stereohomosequence in a polymer stereoisomerism stereoisomers stereology stereomutation stereoregular macromolecule stereoregular polymer stereorepeating unit in a polymer stereoselective polymerization stereoselective synthesis stereoselectivity stereosequence in a polymer stereospecific polymerization stereospecifically labelled tracer stereospecificity steric effect steric factor steric factor in polymers steric field-flow fractionation steric hindrance steric isotope effect steric stabilisation steric strain steric-approach control sterility sterilization Stern layer Stern–Volmer kinetic relationships steroid steroid 21-monooxygenase steroidogenesis assay steroids sterol lipids sterols Stevens–Johnson syndrome Stevenson’s rule stibanes stibanylidenes stibines stibinidenes stibonium compounds sticking coefficient in surface chemistry sticking probability in surface chemistry sticky ends in biotechnology stillbirth stimulant stimulated emission stimulated radiative charge carrier recombination stimulated Raman scattering stimuli-responsive polymer stimulus stimulus-responsive polymer stir bar sorptive extraction stirred flow reactor in catalysis stochastic stochastic effect stochastic sampling stochastic theories Stock number stock solution Stockholm convention stoichiometric stoichiometric capacity stoichiometric concentration stoichiometric mean molal in electrochemistry stoichiometric number stoichiometric sputtering stoichiometry stokes Stokes equation Stokes law Stokes number Stokes parameters Stokes shift Stokes type radiation Stokes–Einstein equation Stokes–Raman scattering stop event in secondary-ion mass spectrometry stop-flow conditions in electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy stopped flow stopped-flow cell in spectrochemical analysis stopper stopping cross section stopping cross section factor stopping power storage modulus stored waveform inverse fourier transform STP strain strain energy strain-induced transition strand break stratification stratified film stratified sample stratified sampling stratocumulus cloud stratopause stratosphere stratus cloud stray light stray radiation error in spectrochemical analysis streak camera streak tube stream in membrane separations streaming birefringence streaming current streaming potential difference stress in biology stress graphitization stress proteins stress relaxation stress theory of aging stress-assisted transition stress-protein fingerprinting stress-response pathway stressor striatum strip dynode photomultiplier tube stripping stripping isotherm stripping phase stripping ratio in solvent extraction stripping reaction stripping solution in liquid-liquid distribution stripping voltammetry stroke in neuroscience stroma stromal cell strong collision strong glass structural alert structural disorder structural diversity structural formula structural keys structural lipids structural proteomics structural stability structural transition structure of a catalyst structure diagram structure-based design in drug design structure-data format file structure-property correlations structure–activity relationship structure–metabolism relationship stupor Sturm test stygobiont stygophile styphnates styrene polymer sub-shell photoionization cross section subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus subarachnoid subarachnoid hemorrhage subchain of a polymer subchronic subchronic effect subchronic toxicity test subclinical effect subcooled subcooled liquid vapour pressure subdural subfertility subgroup-supergroup transition subjacent orbital subjective environment sublation in solvent extraction sublibrary sublimation sublingual tablets subphase subsample subsidiary lamellae in a spherulite substance concentration substance content substance flow rate substance fraction substantia nigra substituent atom substituent electronegativity substitution chain transfer substitution reaction substitutive name substoichiometric extraction substoichiometric isotope dilution analysis substrate substrate substrate in thin films substructure searching subthalamus subtractive name subunit succession successor complex sudden polarization sudden potential-energy surface sufficient evidence sugar sugars suggested no-adverse-response level suicide inhibition suicide metabolism suicide reaction sulcus sulfamic acids sulfanes sulfatides sulfenamides sulfenes sulfenic acids sulfenium ions sulfenyl groups sulfenyl nitrenes sulfenyl radicals sulfenylium ions sulfides sulfilimines sulfimides sulfimines sulfinamides sulfinamidines sulfines sulfinic acids sulfinic anhydrides sulfinimines sulfinylamines sulfolipids sulfonamides sulfonamidines sulfonediimines sulfones sulfonic acids sulfonic anhydrides sulfonimides sulfonium compounds sulfonphthaleins sulfonylamines sulfoxides sulfoximides sulfoximines sulfur diimides sultams sultims sultines sultones sum band sum frequency generation spectroscopy sum of states sum transition sum-frequency spectroscopy summary sheet summation in neurophysiology summit current in polarography summit potential superabsorbent polymer superacid superantigen superbase superbase superconducting transition supercooled supercooled melt supercooled polymer melt supercooling supercritical drying of a gel supercritical fluid supercritical fluid chromatography supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry supercritical fluid extraction superequivalent adsorption superexchange interaction superfamily superfecundation superfetation superficial work in surface chemistry Superfund superjacent orbital superlattice supernumerary superoxide dismutase superposability superradiance supersaturated solution supersaturation supervised classification supervised learning support of a catalyst support plate in chromatography support-coated open-tubular column in chromatography supported liquid membrane supporting electrolyte suppositories suppression suppressor suppressor cell suprafacial supramolecular adhesion complex supramolecular assembly supramolecular association supramolecular chemistry supramolecule supratentorial supratentorial herniation surface surface active agent surface amount surface approximation energy surface barrier semiconductor detector surface catalysis surface charge density surface charge layer surface chemical potential surface concentration surface contamination in surface analysis surface core-level shift surface coverage surface crossing surface density surface dilatational viscosity surface dipole layer surface electric potential surface excess surface excess amount surface excess concentration surface excess conductivity surface excess energy surface excess enthalpy surface excess entropy surface excess Gibbs energy surface excess Helmholtz energy surface excess isotherm surface extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy surface fractal dimension surface grafting surface ionization in mass spectrometry surface ions surface layer surface map surface of a phase surface of tension surface plasmon surface plasmon resonance surface plasmon resonance assay surface potential surface pressure surface reaction surface recombination surface region surface rheology surface righting test surface roughness surface segregation surface shear viscosity surface states surface stress surface tension surface work surface-active site surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry surface-average particle diameter surface-bound macrocyclic sorbent surface-bound phenylboronic acid sorbent surface-enhanced hyper-Raman spectroscopy surface-enhanced infrared absorption surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy surface-enhanced resonant Raman spectroscopy surface-enhanced, spatially offset Raman spectroscopy surface-induced dissociation surface-induced reaction surfactant surfmer surprisal surprisal analysis surrogate surrogate internal standard surrogate light chain surrogate organism surrogate toxicant surveillance survival time survivorship survivorship curve susceptibility susceptible suspended matter in atmospheric chemistry suspension suspension effect in an ion-selective electrode suspension feeder suspension of solid charged particles suspension pH suspension polymerisation suspension potentiometric cell sustainability sustained delivery sustained off-resonance irradiation sustained release Swain–Lupton equation Swain–Scott equation sweat swelling in colloid and surface chemistry swelling agent swelling pressure in colloid and surface chemistry swift ion swimming test swing curve switch sequence switchboard model in polymer crystals switching transition sydnone imines sydnones symbiosis symbol in quantities and units symmetric in vibrational spectroscopy symmetric top symmetrical films symmetrical flow field-flow fractionation symmetrization symmetry breaking in polymer crystals symmetry coordinate symmetry number symmetry-breaking transition symmetry-conserving transition symmorphic space group sympathetic nervous system sympathetic ophthalmia sympatholytic sympathomimetic symproportionation symptom symptomatology synapse synapsis synaptic cleft synaptic inhibition synaptic plasticity synaptic stripping synaptic transmission synaptonemal complex synartetic acceleration syncephalus synchronization synchronous synchronously excited spectrum in phosphorescence synchrotron radiation synchrotron radiation induced X-ray fluorescence analysis synchrotron X-ray spectroscopy synclinal syncytiotrophoblast syncytium syndactyly syndet syndiotactic macromolecule syndiotactic polymer syndiotactic triads in polymers syndrome syneresis synergism in solvent extraction synergism in toxicology synergist in toxicology syngeneic syngenetic synomone synophthalmia synoptic scale synotia synperiplanar syntectic reaction synteny synthetic biopolymer synthetic graphite synthetic latex synthetic method in determination of solubility syringomyelia syrup system system of units of measurement system resolution systematic effect systematic error systematic examination error systematic name systematic sample systematic sampling systematics Système International d'Unités systemic systemic autoimmune disease systemic effect systemic lupus erythematosus systemic sclerosis systems biology Szilard–Chalmers effect π → σ* transition σ → σ* transition σ, π

'true' rate constant t₁ in two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy t₁ noise in two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy t₂ in two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy teletetrahedro-threothreo structures trans- in inorganic nomenclature transtrans conformation trans-fused triangulo-triprismo-T lymphocyte T-cell receptor T-cell-dependent antibody response T-dependent antigen T-independent antigen T-jump T-maze T-stacking tablet tablet coating tachy-tachycardia tachypnoea tactic block in a polymer tactic block polymer tactic macromolecule tactic polymer tacticity taeniacide Taft equation tagged tail bud tail flick test tail immersion test tail suspension test tailing in chromatography tailing factor in chromatography take-it-or-leave-it data take-off angle Tammann’s 2/3rd rule tan $\delta$ in thermal analysis tandem conjugate tandem mass spectrometer tandem mass spectrometry in space tandem mass spectrometry in time tandem repeat sequence Tanimoto similarity Tanimoto similarity index tardive dyskinesia target in biology target cell in immunology target examination uncertainty target measurement uncertainty target population in epidemiology target validation targeted drug delivery targeted library targeted lipidomics targeted proteomics targeting tau protein tauopathy tautomer tautomeric effect tautomerism tautomerization tautomers taxocene taxon taxonomy Tay–Sachs disease Taylor cone TDP-43 transcription factor TdT-dependent dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay tears tegmentum tele-substitution telechelic molecule telechelic polymer telencephalon tellurides tellurones telomer telomerase telomere telomerization telophase temperature temperature coefficient of responsivity temperature effect in luminescence spectroscopy temperature inversion in atmospheric chemistry temperature jump temperature lapse rate in atmospheric chemistry temperature sensitivity temperature-programmed chromatography temperature-programmed desorption in thermal analysis temperature-programmed oxidation in thermal analysis temperature-programmed reduction in thermal analysis template in biotechnology template polymerization temporal lobe temporary acceptable daily intake temporary maximum residue limit temporary poisoning in catalysis tension headache tentorium tera teratocarcinoma teratogen teratogenesis teratogenetics teratogenic teratogenic index teratogenicity teratology teratoma term term in X-ray spectroscopy term symbols terminal constitutional repeating unit terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase termination terminator in biotechnology termolecular ternary diagram ternary system terpenes terpenoids terpolymer terrestrial tertiary aerosol in an inductively-coupled plasma spectrometer tertiary current distribution tertiary lymphoid tissue tertiary structure tertiary structure of a protein tesla Tessier classification test portion test sample test set test solution in analysis testicular feminization testing testing of chemicals testis testosterone tetanic tetanus tetanus toxin tetanus toxin-binding ganglioside tetanus toxoid tetany tetracyclines tetrad test tetrads tetrahedral intermediate tetralogy of Fallot tetramer staining tetrapyrroles tetraterpenoids tetrodotoxin tetrodotoxin-insensitive texture of a catalyst Th0 cell Th1 cell Th17 cell Th2 cell Th3 cell Th9 cell thalamus thalidomide theca theoretical ceramic yield theoretical degree of biodegradation theoretical maximum daily intake theoretical plate number theoretical scattered-ion intensity therapeutic antibody therapeutic cloning therapeutic index therapeutic polymer thermal analysis thermal annealing in lithography thermal black thermal bleaching thermal column in nuclear chemistry thermal conductance thermal conductivity thermal conductivity detector in gas chromatography thermal curing thermal curve thermal detector thermal diffusion depth thermal diffusivity thermal dispersion thermal extraction thermal field-flow fractionation thermal fission thermal history in polymer science thermal injection thermal ionization in mass spectrometry thermal lag thermal lensing thermal neutrons thermal resistance thermal volatilization thermal wave decay coefficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence thermally stimulated current in thermal analysis thermally stimulated depolarisation in thermal analysis thermally-induced transition thermionic work function thermo- technique thermoacoustimetry thermoanalytical thermochemical analysis thermochemical calorie thermochromism thermocouple thermodiffractometry thermodilatometry thermodynamic control of product composition thermodynamic energy thermodynamic equilibrium constant thermodynamic isotope effect thermodynamic quality of solvent in polymer chemistry thermodynamic temperature thermodynamically equivalent sphere in polymer chemistry thermoelectrometry thermogram thermogravimetric analyser thermogravimetric analysis thermogravimetry thermoluminescence thermoluminescence analysis thermolysis thermomagnetometry thermomanometry thermomechanical analyser thermomechanical analysis thermomechanical measurement thermomechanical properties thermometric thermometric enthalpy titration thermometric titration thermomicroscopy thermoparticulate analysis thermophile thermophotocatalysis thermophotometry thermopile thermoplastic elastomer thermoptometry thermoreversible gel thermoreversible junction point thermoreversible network thermosetting polymer thermosonimetry thermospectrometry thermosphere thermospray ionization thermotropic mesophase thiazynes thick film thickness of diffusion layer in electrochemistry thickness of electrical double layer thickness of reaction layer in electrochemistry thigmotaxis thin film thin film format thin layer chromatography-mass spectrometry thin target thin-layer chromatography thin-layer headspace analysis thio thioacetals thioaldehyde S-oxides thioaldehydes thioanhydrides thiocarboxylic acids thiocyanates thioethers thiohemiacetals thioketone S-oxides thioketones thiolates thiols thionylamines third body thixotropic gel thixotropy thiyl radicals thoracic duct thoracic spine threadable ring threading component three-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy three-electrode cell threshold threshold energy threshold limit value threshold limit value–ceiling threshold limit value–short-term exposure limit threshold limit value–time-weighted average threshold of toxicological concern threshold potential threshold theory threshold-effect concentration thrombocytopenia thrombogenicity thromboxane thrombus through-bond electron transfer through-conjugation through-space electron transfer throughput rate throwing power thrush thymic thymic atrophy thymic education thymoma thymus thymus-dependent antigen thymus-independent antigen thyroglobulin thyroglossal duct thyroid gland thyroid peroxidase thyroid stimulating hormone thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor thyrotoxicosis TICT emission TICT state tidal volume tie molecule in polymers tie-line tiered testing tight ion pair time time of of thixotropic recovery time constant of a detector time domain time domain nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy time of centrifugation of centrifugation time of deactivation in heterogeneous catalysis time-correlated single photon counting time-dependent density functional theory time-dependent stoichiometry time-independent stoichiometry time-independent test time-lag focusing time-of-flight mass spectrometer time-resolved anisotropy time-resolved fluorometry time-resolved laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy time-resolved microwave conductivity time-resolved spectroscopy time-weighted average sampling time-weighted-average-exposure time–temperature superposition principle tingling tinnitus tip enhanced raman spectroscopy tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy tissue tissue dose tissue engineering tissue transglutaminase titer in immunology titrand titrant titration titration curve titration error titre titrimetric analysis tolerable daily intake tolerable risk tolerable weekly intake tolerance tolerance index tolerance interval tolerance limit tolerogen toll-like receptor tolyl ion tomography tonic tonne tonsil top-down ecotoxicological study top-down patterning top-down proteomics top-surface imaging topcoat topical in medicine topical effect topochemical polymerisation topochemical reaction topographic contrast topological index topological polar surface area topomerization topomers topotactic reaction topotactic transition toroidal ion trap torque torquoselectivity torr torsade de pointes torsion angle torsion pendulum torsional braid analysis torsional pendulum analysis torsional stereoisomers torsional strain torticollis total absorption peak total chemiflux total consumption time in flame emission and absorption spectrometry total correlation spectroscopy total diet study total internal reflection total internal reflection fluorescence total ion current total ion current electropherogram total ion current profile total ion yield total mobile phase time in size-exclusion chromatography total mobile phase volume in size-exclusion chromatography total mobile-phase volume in column in size-exclusion chromatography total organic carbon total quality management total radiant power total reflection of X-rays total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy total retention time in chromatography total retention volume in column chromatography total sample consumption system total secondary-electron yield total suppression of spinning sidebands total terminal residue of a pesticide total velocity of the analyte in capillary electrophoresis totally porous packing in chromatography Tougaard background toxemia toxic toxic dose toxic epidermal necrolysis toxic shock syndrome toxic substance toxic unit toxicant toxicity toxicity curve toxicity equivalency factor toxicity equivalent toxicity exposure ratio toxicity identification and evaluation toxicity test toxicity value toxicodynamics toxicogenetics toxicogenomics toxicokinetics toxicological data sheet toxicology toxicometry toxicophobia toxicophoric group toxicovigilance toxification toxin toxinology toxoid toxoplasmosis Tr1 cell trace element trace nutrient traceability tracer tracer substance trachea track track detector trade-off in population ecology trajectory in reaction dynamics tranquilizer transamidation in polymer science transannular strain transcription in biotechnology transcription factor transcriptome transcriptomics transcrystalline layer transcutaneous electronic nerve stimulation transcytosis transducer transduction in biotechnology transesterification transfer transfer in analysis transfer activity coefficient transfer coefficient transfer examination device transfer line transfer RNA transferability transferases transflectance transflection transformation transformation in gene technology transformation probability transformed cell transforming growth factor β transgene transgenic transient crosslink transient junction point transient network transient phase in chemical kinetics transient species transient spectroscopy transient-stimulated emission pumping transiently transfected cells transit time in flame emission and absorption spectrometry transition transition coordinate transition element transition interval in titrimetric analysis transition layer transition moment transition polarization transition potential of a redox indicator transition probability for absorption transition probability for spontaneous emission transition probability for stimulated emission transition species transition state transition state analogue transition state theory transition structure transition temperature for liquid crystals transition time in electroanalytical chemistry transition wavenumber transition-metal-mediated radical polymerization translation in biotechnology translational chain repeating unit translational diffusion translational diffusion coefficient in polymer science translational frictional coefficient in polymer science translational spectroscopy transmission transmission in mass spectrometry transmission coefficient transmission efficiency transmission electron energy loss spectroscopy transmission electron microscopy transmission factor transmission high energy electron diffraction transmission quadrupole mass spectrometer transmission Raman spectroscopy transmission spectrum transmittance transoid conformation transplacental carcinogen transplant transplantation transport in analysis transport control transport efficiency of a sample transport interference in flame spectroscopy transport number transport region transporters associated with antigen processing transposition of the great arteries transposon transsynaptic transtactic polymer transtentorial herniation transurf transverse relaxation optimized spectroscopy trapping travel time in flame emission and absorption spectrometry travelling examination standard Treacher Collins syndrome treadmill test treatability treated solution in analytical chemistry tremor triads triage triazanes triazenes triboluminescence trigeminal nerve trigeminal neuralgia trigger values trilaminar embryo trimester trimethylenemethanes trioxides triple point triple quadrupole mass spectrometer triple screen triple-resonance nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy triplet state triplet-triplet absorption triplet-triplet annihilation triplet-triplet energy transfer triplet-triplet transitions triploidy triptan trisomy trisomy 13 trisomy 18 trisomy 21 trisomy 8 tritactic polymer triterpenoids tritide tritio tritium triton trivial energy transfer trivial name tRNA troche Troe expression trophectoderm trophic trophic cascade trophic dilution trophic level trophic structure trophic transfer trophic transfer factor trophoblast tropilidenes tropolones tropones tropopause troposphere tropyl radicals tropylium ions true coincidence in radiochemistry true negative true nominal property value true positive true value in analysis trueness truncus arteriosus trypsin in proteomics tryptophan tub conformation tube model tube renewal tuberculin tuberculin test tuberoinfundibular pathway tubular fertility index tubular reabsorption Tucker tri-linear analysis tumor tumor antigen tumor immunology tumor necrosis factor tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor tumor progression tumor rejection antigen tumor suppressor gene tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte tumor-specific transplantation antigen tumorigenic tunable laser in spectrochemical analysis Tunel test Tung distribution of a macromolecular assembly tungsten-halogen lamp tunica albuginea tunica vaginalis tunnelling turbidimetric titration turbidity in light scattering turbidity of water turner syndrome turnover frequency in catalysis turnover number turnstile rotation turntable reactor Tversky similarity twin-tracer technique twinned polymer crystal twist form twisted intramolecular charge transfer two hybrid system two-colour indicator two-compartment model two-dimensional chromatography two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy two-dimensional correlation spectrum two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in proteomics two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy two-generation reprotox study two-phase aqueous partition two-phase model two-photon excitation two-photon photochromism two-photon process two-site immunoradiometric assay tympanic type A organism in relation to sediment type B organism in relation to sediment type-J coil planet centrifuge type-J synchronous planetary motion tyrosine kinase θ temperature in polymers λ-transition

u ubiquitin ulcer ulosonic acids ultimate biodegradation ultimate capacity in solvent extraction ultra-high throughput in biomolecular screening ultra-shallow depth profile ultrafiltrate ultrafiltration ultrafine particle ultramicroelectrode ultrasonic detector in gas chromatography ultrasonic nebulizers ultrasonography ultrasound ultrasound-assisted extraction ultraviolet ultraviolet dose ultraviolet stabilizer umbilical artery umbilical cord umbilical hernia umbilical vein umbilicus umpire sample umpolung unactivated adsorption process unary system unbiased stereology uncertainty in metrology uncertainty factor uncertainty of measurement unconditioned stimulus unconscious uncus underdetermined system underfitting of a calibration model undersampling undescended testis uniaxial pressing uniaxial sample unified atomic mass unit uniform corrosion uniform dispersion uniform polymer uniformly labelled uniformly labelled tracer unimer unimolecular unimolecular unimolecular dissociation unit in analytical chemistry unit of measurement unit cell unit mass resolution unit risk unit system unitary quantity universal calibration in chromatography universal detector in chromatography universal indicator unmet medical need unperturbed conformational state unperturbed dimensions in polymers unperturbed end-to-end distance unperturbed end-to-end vector unperturbed radius of gyration unreactive unresolved peak unresponsiveness in immunology unsaturated solution unsaturation unsaturation index unstable unstable film unstable ion in mass spectrometry unsupervised classification unsymmetrical films unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean unzipping in polymer science unzipping upconversion upfield uphill transport in membrane processes upper boundary upper critical solution temperature upper limit of measurement in atmospheric trace component analysis upper motor neuron upstream in membrane processes upstream water uptake uptake rate constant ureides urethanes urethra urine urogenital urogenital sinus uronic acids uronium salts urticaria useful ion yield useful spatial resolution in secondary-ion mass spectrometry useful spectral range uterine crypt uterine cycle uterotrophic uterotrophic assay uterus UV photochemical digestion UV photoelectron spectroscopy uvula

ρ-value V centres v-ion V(D)J recombination vaccination vaccine vacuole vacuum level vacuum level at infinity vacuum level referencing vacuum phototube vacuum system in mass spectrometry vagina vaginal cornification vaginal patency vaginal smear vagus nerve valence valence band valence bond theory valence isomer valence tautomerization valence transition valence-band spectrum validation validation set validity validity of a measurement value of a quantity value of a division of a precision balance scale van der Waals adsorption van der Waals broadening van der Waals forces vapor deposition vaporization temperature in electrothermal atomization vapour phase interference in analysis variable variable gene variable pathlength cell in spectrochemical analysis variable region variance variance scaling variational transition state theory variegated star macromolecule vas deferens vascular addressin vascular cell adhesion molecule vasculitis vasculogenesis vasectomy vasoactive amine vasoconstriction vasodilation vasodilator vasopressin vasopressor vasorelaxation vasospasm Vavilov rule vector vector scan vehicle velocity velocity in mass transport velopharyngeal insufficiency vena cava venom ventilation ventral ventricle ventricular fibrillation ventricular septal defect ventricular septum ventriculo-atrial shunt ventriculo-peritoneal shunt ventriculogram ventriculomegaly verdazyl radicals verification vermicide vermis in neuroanatomy vertebra vertebral column vertebrate vertical ionization vertical transition vertigo Verwey transition very early activating antigen very late activation antigen vesicant vesicle vesicle polymerisation vestigial vetoing viability viability selection vibrational circular dichroism vibrational eigenvector vibrational kinetic energy vibrational potential energy vibrational redistribution vibrational relaxation vibrational spectroscopy vibrational term vibrational term value vibrationally adiabatic transition-state theory vibronic coupling vibronic transition Vicat softening temperature vidicon vigilance vigilance decrement villus vimentin vinyl carbenes vinyl polymer vinylic cations vinylic groups vinylidene polymer vinylidenes viologens virial coefficients virilization virtual chemical library virtual reaction virtual screening virtual transition virtually safe dose virucide viscera viscoelastic spectrum viscosity viscosity function viscosity number viscosity ratio viscosity-average molar mass viscous sintering visibility in atmospheric chemistry visible visual cortex vital rates vitellogenin vitrification in polymer science Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann equation Voigt function volatile organic chemical/compounds volatilization volatilizer volt Volta potential difference voltage in electroanalysis voltage-activated channel voltage-gated ion channel voltammetric constant voltammetry voltammogram volume content volume flow rate volume fraction volume of activation volume of distribution volume of the stationary phase in chromatography volume rate volume reaction volume reflection volume strain volume thermodilatometry volume viscosity volume yield volume-average particle diameter volumetric flowrate in gas chromatography volumetric internal standard volumetric titration volumic von Weimarn ratio vulcanization vulnerability in toxicology vulva VUV Vα-Jα rearrangement

w-ion Wagner number Wahlund effect Wahrhaftig diagram Walden inversion waldsterben wall atomization in electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy wall-coated open-tubular column in chromatography wall-jet electrode Ward’s minimum variance method warm autoantibody type wash out in atmospheric chemistry wash out time waste waste management waste-water wasting syndrome water maze test water potential in physiology watt wave height in electrochemistry wave vector in X-ray reflectrometry wavefunction wavelength wavelength converter wavelength dispersion in X-ray emission spectroscopy wavelength error in X-ray emission spectroscopy wavelength in medium wavelength in vacuum wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis wavenumber wavenumber in medium wavenumber in vacuum weak collision weakest-link incongruity wean weathering web in anatomy weber wedge projection Wegener granulomatosis Weibull model weight weight composition weight of evidence weight-distribution function weight-of-evidence for toxicity weighted least squares regression weighted mean Weismannism Weller correlation Wernicke aphasia Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome Wernicke’s area Westcott cross-section Western blot Western Pacific amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism–dementia complex wet bulb temperature wet deposition wet etching wet residue method wetland wetting wetting tension Wharton’s jelly wheal wheal and flare Wheland intermediate white matter white pulp whole embryo culture whole sediment whole-effluent toxicity wideband, alternating-phase, low-power technique for residual splitting Wiegner effect Wien filter Wigner matrices Wigner rule wild type wild-type receptor Williams syndrome Williams–Landel–Ferry equation Wilzbach labelling wind rose Wisconsin card sorting test Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome withdrawal withdrawal effect Wittig reagents Wnt Wolfgram protein wolfram lamp Wood horn Wood lamp Wood lamp Woodward–Hoffmann rules work work function work hardening work of adhesion work of cohesion per unit area work of immersional wetting per unit area work of separation work softening workflow working electrode working examination standard working interval working potential range working range of a spectrometer working zone workstation worm-like chain in polymers wrap-around in comprehensive chromatography wrist drop

X chromosome x unit x-disease x-ion X-linked X-linked agammaglobulinemia X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency X-radiation X-ray absorption analysis X-ray absorption edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy X-ray absorption near edge structure X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy X-ray analysis X-ray computed micro-tomography X-ray diffraction analysis X-ray emission spectrum X-ray escape peak X-ray fluorescence X-ray fluorescence analysis X-ray fluorescence microscopy X-ray intensity X-ray jump ratio X-ray level X-ray linewidth X-ray lithography X-ray monochromator X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy X-ray reflectometry X-ray resist X-ray satellite in X-ray spectroscopy X-ray spectroscopy X-ray standing waves xanthates xanthene dyes xanthic acids xanthophylls xenobiotic xenogeneic xenograft xenon lamp xenophagy xerogel XPS xylylenes ξ-

Y chromosome y-ion YAG Yang photocyclization yard year yeast artificial chromosome yield in biotechnology yield stress ylides ynamines ynols yocto yolk yolk sac yolk stalk yotta Youden plot Young's modulus Yukawa–Tsuno equation

Z-value Z $\pu{\rm{Z}_{5\(Z_{50}\)}}$ of a photochromic system Z factor z-average molar mass z-average particle diameter z-ion Z′ factor Zaitsev rule zebrafish Zeeman effect Zeeman levels zepto zero differential overlap approximation zero field splitting zero filling zero path difference zero point of a glass electrode zero point of scale of a balance zero-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy zero-one behaviour zero-order kinetics zero-point energy zero–zero absorption or emission zeta Zeta chain-associated protein kinase-70 kDa zetta zig-zag projection Zimm plot zinc finger zona pellucida zone in chromatography zone melting method of preconcentration zone pH in counter-current chromatography zoocide zooplankton Zucker–Hammett hypothesis zwitterionic copolymerisation zwitterionic polymer zwitterionic polymerisation zwitterions zygosis zygote zygote intrafallopian transfer zymosan ζ-potential

© 2005–2026 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry