https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05037
@R05046-1@, \(P\), leaving or passing through a small transparent element of surface in a given direction from the source about the solid @A00346@ \(\varOmega\), divided by the solid @A00346@ and by the orthogonally projected area of the element in a plane normal to the given beam direction, \(\text{d}S_{\perp } = \text{d}S\, \text{cos}\,\theta\)
Notes:
- Mathematical definition: \[L = \frac{\text{d}^{2}P}{\text{d}\Omega \, \text{d}S_{\perp }} = \frac{\text{d}^{2}P}{\text{d}\Omega \, \text{d}S\, \text{cos}\,\theta}\] for a divergent beam propagating in an elementary cone of the solid @A00346@ \(\varOmega\) containing the direction \(\theta\). SI unit is \(\text{W m}^{-2}\ \text{sr}^{-1}\).
- For a parallel beam it is the @R05046-2@, \(P\), of all wavelengths leaving or passing through a small element of surface in a given direction from the source divided by the orthogonally projected area of the element in a plane normal to the given direction of the beam, \(\theta\). Mathematical definition in this case: \(\text{d}P/(\text{d}S\, \text{cos}\,\theta)\). If the @R05046-1@ is constant over the surface area considered, \(P/(S\, \text{cos}\,\theta)\). SI unit is \(\text{W m}^{-2}\).
- Equivalent to \(L = \int_{\lambda}L_{\lambda}\, \text{d}\lambda\), where \(L_{\lambda}\) is the @S05824@ at @W06659@ \(\lambda\).