dummy factor

https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.10070

Factor that is known to have no effect on the response, used in an experimental design, to estimate repeatability standard deviation.

Example: A factor having levels "+" singing the first verse of the National Anthem at the experiment, and "−" singing the second verse of the National Anthem at the experiment.
Source:
PAC, 2016, 88, 407. (Vocabulary of concepts and terms in chemometrics (IUPAC Recommendations 2016)) on page 414 [Terms] [Paper]