https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.ST07110
The occurrence of a large @I03130@ @C00999@ in the singlet @E02257@ of polyenes and their derivatives twisted about a double bond. Non-symmetrical substitution or geometrical distortion is effective in polarizing the system. An example is the stabilization of the zwitterionic structure of 90° twisted ethene with one @M03881@ group pyramidalized:
ST07110.png