Note: The geometric area, \(A_{\rm{geom}}\), is the interfacial area, determined on the assumption that the interface is truly flat (two-dimensional) and calculated using the geometric data of the involved surfaces. The real (true) area, \(A_{\rm{real}}\), takes into account non-idealities of the interface (roughness, porosity, etc.) and can be measured by a variety of electrochemical methods. The electroactive area is the area calculated from experiments with model electroactive species and may be different from the real surface area in cases where not all of the surface is electrochemically active or accessible.