Ions which possess a chemical affinity for the surface in addition to the @C01365@ interaction, where chemical is a collective adjective, embracing all interactions other than purely Coulombic. Examples are van der Waals or hydrophobic bonding, pi-electron exchange and complex formation. Specifically adsorbing ions can adsorb on an initially uncharged surface and hence provide it with a charge. The term specifically adsorbed applies to the sorption of all other ions having an affinity to the surface in addition to the purely Coulombic contribution.