https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.09096
Electrode of a composite of carbon powder and a pasting liquid (including mineral oil, Nujol, bromoform, bromonaphthalene).
Notes:
- The CPE was first described by Adams in 1958. A CPE is typically housed in a Teflon holder, contacted by a conductive wire (occasionally a piston is used to renew the surface by extrusion of the used paste). Problems are long-term stability of the paste and that the binder can influence its properties.
- These electrodes can easily be chemically modified by the incorporation of reagents (electrocatalysts, redox mediators, complexation agents, enzymes, etc.) and by the attachment of micro- or nanoparticles to prepare electrochemical sensors for analytical applications. See for an example using rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulin in an ELISA assay using a carbon ink electrode.