Equations describing the peak current $I_{\mathrm{p}}$ in linear scan voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry as a function of the amount concentration, $c_0$, of electroactive species in bulk solution. For a reversible charge transfer: $$I_{\mathrm{p},\mathrm{r}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{v}}=kzFA{c}_0(zFD\nu /RT{)}^{1/2}$$ for irreversible charge transfer: $$I_{\mathrm{p},\mathrm{i}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{v}}=k^{\prime }(\alpha z^{\prime }{)}^{1/2}zFA{c}_0(FD\nu /RT{)}^{1/2}$$ where $k$ and $k^{\prime }$ are numerical constants, $\alpha$ is the charge transfer coefficient (usually assumed to be close to 0.5), $z$ the electron number of an electrochemical reaction, $z^{\prime }$ the number of electrons transferred before the rate determining step, $F$ the Faraday constant, $R$ the gas constant, $T$ the thermodynamic temperature, $A$ the electrode surface area, $D$ the diffusion coefficient, and $\nu$ the scan rate.