fragment keys

https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.11447

Description of the structure of a molecule as the presence or absence of each of a pre-determined set of molecular substructures, usually associated with a particular location in a bit string.

Example: The publicly described ISIS keys.
Source:
PAC, 2016, 88, 239. (Glossary of terms used in computational drug design, part II (IUPAC Recommendations 2015)) on page 247 [Terms] [Paper]