https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.LT06788
In any @C01330@ with a particular dn (1<n<9) configuration and a particular geometry, if the n electrons are distributed so that they occupy the lowest possible energy levels, the entity is a low-spin complex. If some of the higher energy d orbitals are occupied before all the lower energy ones are completely filled, then the entity is a high-spin complex.