The ratio of the adjusted or net retention volume (time) or retention factor of a component relative to that of a standard, obtained under identical conditions: \[r=\frac{V_{\rm{R}i}^{'}}{V_{\rm{R}\left(\rm{st}\right)}^{'}}=\frac{V_{\rm{N}i}}{V_{\rm{N}\left(\rm{st}\right)}}=\frac{t_{\rm{R}i}^{'}}{t_{\rm{R}\left(\rm{st}\right)}^{'}}=\frac{k_{i}}{k_{\rm{st}}}\] Depending on the relative position of the peak corresponding to the standard compound in the chromatogram, the value of \(r\) may be smaller, larger or identical to unity.