hardness

https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.14729
Concentration of all metallic cations, except those of the alkali metals, present in water.
Note: In general, the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions in water, frequently expressed as \(\pu{mg L-1}\) calcium carbonate or equivalent, is used as a measure of hardness.
Source:
PAC, 2009, 81, 829. (Glossary of terms used in ecotoxicology (IUPAC Recommendations 2009)) on page 893 [Terms] [Paper]
Citation: 'hardness' in IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; 2025. Online version 5.0.0, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.14729 RIS BibTex EndNote
TextXMLJSON