{"term":{"id":"02691","title":"graphitization","longtitle":"IUPAC Gold Book - graphitization","doi":"10.1351\/goldbook.G02691","code":"G02691","status":"current","definitions":[{"id":1,"text":"A solid-state transformation of thermodynamically unstable non-graphitic carbon into graphite by means of heat treatment.","notes":{"1":"Graphitization is also used for the transformation of metastable diamond into graphite by heat treatment, as well as in metallurgy for the formation of graphite from thermodynamically unstable carbides by thermal decomposition at high temperatures. Such uses of the term graphitization are in line with the above definition. The use of the term graphitization to indicate a process of thermal treatment of carbon materials at \\(T > 2500\\ \\rm{K}\\) regardless of any resultant crystallinity is incorrect."},"links":[{"term":"carbon materials","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/\/terms\/view\/C00841"},{"term":"crystallinity","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/\/terms\/view\/C01433"},{"term":"decomposition","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/\/terms\/view\/D01547"},{"term":"diamond","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/\/terms\/view\/D01671"},{"term":"graphite","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/\/terms\/view\/G02684"},{"term":"metastable","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/\/terms\/view\/M03872"},{"term":"non-graphitic carbon","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/\/terms\/view\/N04193"},{"term":"transformation","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/\/terms\/view\/T06446"},{"term":"unstable","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/\/terms\/view\/U06569"}],"sources":["PAC, 1995, 67, 473. 'Recommended terminology for the description of carbon as a solid (IUPAC Recommendations 1995)' on page 493 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1351\/pac199567030473)"]}],"altoutputs":{"html":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/terms\/view\/G02691\/html","xml":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/terms\/view\/G02691\/xml","plain":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/terms\/view\/G02691\/plain"},"citation":"Citation: 'graphitization' in IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; 2025. Online version 5.0.0, 2025. 10.1351\/goldbook.G02691","license":"The IUPAC Gold Book is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike CC BY-SA 4.0 International (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/) for individual terms.","collection":"If you are interested in licensing the Gold Book for commercial use, please contact the IUPAC Executive Director at executivedirector@iupac.org .","disclaimer":"The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is continuously reviewing and, where needed, updating terms in the Compendium of Chemical Terminology (the IUPAC Gold Book). Users of these terms are encouraged to include the version of a term with its use and to check regularly for updates to term definitions that you are using.","accessed":"2026-06-20T09:51:49+00:00"}}