{"term":{"id":"01986","title":"electron density","longtitle":"IUPAC Gold Book - electron density","doi":"10.1351\/goldbook.E01986","code":"E01986","status":"current","definitions":[{"id":1,"text":"If \\(P(x,\\,y,\\,z)\\ \\rm{d}x\\ \\rm{d}y\\ \\rm{d}z\\) is the probability of finding an electron in the volume element \\(\\rm{d}x\\ \\rm{d}y\\ \\rm{d}z\\) at the point of a molecular entity with coordinates \\(x,\\,y,\\,z\\), then \\(P(x,\\,y,\\,z)\\) is the electron density at this point. For many purposes (e.g. X-ray scattering, forces on atoms) the system behaves exactly as if the electrons were spread out into a continuously distributed charge. The term has frequently been wrongly applied to negative charge population.","links":[{"term":"charge density","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/\/terms\/view\/C00988"},{"term":"charge population","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/\/terms\/view\/C00997"},{"term":"probability","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/\/terms\/view\/P04855"},{"term":"scattering","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/\/terms\/view\/S05487"}],"sources":["PAC, 1994, 66, 1077. 'Glossary of terms used in physical organic chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)' on page 1110 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1351\/pac199466051077)"]}],"altoutputs":{"html":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/terms\/view\/E01986\/html","xml":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/terms\/view\/E01986\/xml","plain":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/terms\/view\/E01986\/plain"},"citation":"Citation: 'electron density' in IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; 2025. Online version 5.0.0, 2025. 10.1351\/goldbook.E01986","license":"The IUPAC Gold Book is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike CC BY-SA 4.0 International (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/) for individual terms.","collection":"If you are interested in licensing the Gold Book for commercial use, please contact the IUPAC Executive Director at executivedirector@iupac.org .","disclaimer":"The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is continuously reviewing and, where needed, updating terms in the Compendium of Chemical Terminology (the IUPAC Gold Book). Users of these terms are encouraged to include the version of a term with its use and to check regularly for updates to term definitions that you are using.","accessed":"2026-06-04T11:41:04+00:00"}}