diluent gas

https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01736
A gas of known quality introduced for analytical purposes so that it quantitatively lowers the concentration of the components of a gaseous sample; this may also be the complementary gas.
Source:
PAC, 1990, 62, 2167. 'Glossary of atmospheric chemistry terms (Recommendations 1990)' on page 2185 (https://doi.org/10.1351/pac199062112167)