{"term":{"id":"00375","title":"antagonism","longtitle":"IUPAC Gold Book - antagonism","doi":"10.1351\/goldbook.A00375","code":"A00375","status":"current","definitions":[{"id":1,"text":"Combined effect of two or more factors which is smaller than the solitary effect of any one of those factors. In bioassays, the term may be used when a specified response is produced by exposure to either of two factors but not by exposure to both together.","links":[{"term":"synergism","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/\/terms\/view\/S06229"}],"sources":["PAC, 1993, 65, 2003. 'Glossary for chemists of terms used in toxicology (IUPAC Recommendations 1993)' on page 2014 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1351\/pac199365092003)"]}],"altoutputs":{"html":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/terms\/view\/A00375\/html","xml":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/terms\/view\/A00375\/xml","plain":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/terms\/view\/A00375\/plain"},"citation":"Citation: 'antagonism' in IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; 2025. Online version 5.0.0, 2025. 10.1351\/goldbook.A00375","license":"The IUPAC Gold Book is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike CC BY-SA 4.0 International (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/) for individual terms.","collection":"If you are interested in licensing the Gold Book for commercial use, please contact the IUPAC Executive Director at executivedirector@iupac.org .","disclaimer":"The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is continuously reviewing and, where needed, updating terms in the Compendium of Chemical Terminology (the IUPAC Gold Book). Users of these terms are encouraged to include the version of a term with its use and to check regularly for updates to term definitions that you are using.","accessed":"2026-06-07T08:25:20+00:00"}}