Title: Th1 cell
Long Title: IUPAC Gold Book - Th1 cell
DOI: 10.1351/goldbook.13718
Status: current

Definition
Helper T lymphocyte (Th) producing mainly interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon (IFN-$\ce{\upgamma\!}$), and tumor necrosis factor $\ce{\upbeta\!}$ ($\ce{TNF\mbox{-}\upbeta\!}$), and thereby responsible for phagocyte-dependent host responses.

Note
Th1-dominated responses are seen in autoimmune diseases in which cytotoxic T cells and macrophages play a major role, e.g., multiple sclerosis, diabetes mellitus type 1, Hashimoto thyroiditis, and Crohn disease. Switching from Th1 to Th2 response can prevent Th1-mediated tissue destruction in animal models.

Related Terms
- Crohn disease: https://goldbook.iupac.org//terms/view/13053
- Hashimoto thyroiditis: https://goldbook.iupac.org//terms/view/13195
- Helper T lymphocyte (Th): https://goldbook.iupac.org//terms/view/13199
- Th2: https://goldbook.iupac.org//terms/view/13719
- autoimmune diseases: https://goldbook.iupac.org//terms/view/12919
- cytotoxic T cells: https://goldbook.iupac.org//terms/view/13072
- diabetes mellitus type 1: https://goldbook.iupac.org//terms/view/13092
- interferon (IFN-γ): https://goldbook.iupac.org//terms/view/13336
- interleukin: https://goldbook.iupac.org//terms/view/13338
- macrophages: https://goldbook.iupac.org//terms/view/13424
- phagocyte: https://goldbook.iupac.org//terms/view/13560
- tumor necrosis factor β (TNF-β): https://goldbook.iupac.org//terms/view/13421

Source
- PAC, 2012, 84, 1113. 'IUPAC glossary of terms used in immunotoxicology (IUPAC Recommendations 2012)' on page 1250 (https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-11-06-03)

Other Outputs
- html: https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/13718/html
- json: https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/13718/json
- xml: https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/13718/xml

Citation: Citation: 'Th1 cell' in IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; 2025. Online version 5.0.0, 2025. 10.1351/goldbook.13718
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Accessed: 2026-07-13T20:34:02+00:00