{"term":{"id":"13718","title":"Th1 cell","longtitle":"IUPAC Gold Book - Th1 cell","doi":"10.1351\/goldbook.13718","code":"13718","status":"current","definitions":[{"id":1,"text":"Helper T lymphocyte (Th) producing mainly interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon (IFN-$\\ce{\\upgamma\\!}$), and tumor necrosis factor $\\ce{\\upbeta\\!}$ ($\\ce{TNF\\mbox{-}\\upbeta\\!}$), and thereby responsible for phagocyte-dependent host responses.","notes":{"1":"Th1-dominated responses are seen in autoimmune diseases in which cytotoxic T cells and macrophages play a major role, e.g., multiple sclerosis, diabetes mellitus type 1, Hashimoto thyroiditis, and Crohn disease. Switching from Th1 to Th2 response can prevent Th1-mediated tissue destruction in animal models."},"links":[{"term":"Crohn disease","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/\/terms\/view\/13053"},{"term":"Hashimoto thyroiditis","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/\/terms\/view\/13195"},{"term":"Helper T lymphocyte (Th)","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/\/terms\/view\/13199"},{"term":"Th2","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/\/terms\/view\/13719"},{"term":"autoimmune diseases","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/\/terms\/view\/12919"},{"term":"cytotoxic T cells","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/\/terms\/view\/13072"},{"term":"diabetes mellitus type 1","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/\/terms\/view\/13092"},{"term":"interferon (IFN-γ)","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/\/terms\/view\/13336"},{"term":"interleukin","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/\/terms\/view\/13338"},{"term":"macrophages","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/\/terms\/view\/13424"},{"term":"phagocyte","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/\/terms\/view\/13560"},{"term":"tumor necrosis factor β (TNF-β)","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/\/terms\/view\/13421"}],"sources":["PAC, 2012, 84, 1113. 'IUPAC glossary of terms used in immunotoxicology (IUPAC Recommendations 2012)' on page 1250 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1351\/PAC-REC-11-06-03)"]}],"altoutputs":{"html":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/terms\/view\/13718\/html","xml":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/terms\/view\/13718\/xml","plain":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/terms\/view\/13718\/plain"},"citation":"Citation: 'Th1 cell' in IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; 2025. Online version 5.0.0, 2025. 10.1351\/goldbook.13718","license":"The IUPAC Gold Book is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike CC BY-SA 4.0 International (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/) for individual terms.","collection":"If you are interested in licensing the Gold Book for commercial use, please contact the IUPAC Executive Director at executivedirector@iupac.org .","disclaimer":"The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is continuously reviewing and, where needed, updating terms in the Compendium of Chemical Terminology (the IUPAC Gold Book). Users of these terms are encouraged to include the version of a term with its use and to check regularly for updates to term definitions that you are using.","accessed":"2026-07-13T20:33:55+00:00"}}