13199 IUPAC Gold Book - helper T lymphocyte 10.1351/goldbook.13199 13199 current abbrev: Th synonyms: helper cell, helper T cell, T helper cell 1 Member of a subclass of T lymphocytes that provides help (in the form of cytokines and/or cognate interactions) necessary for the expression of effector function by other cells in the immune system. Helper T cells recognize antigen in association with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II gene products. Depending on their capacity to produce various cytokines, one can functionally differentiate Th1 [interleukin-2- (IL-2-) and IFN-γ-producing] and Th2 (interleukins IL-3-, IL-4-, and IL-6-producing) cells. IFN-γ https://goldbook.iupac.org//terms/view/13163 T lymphocytes https://goldbook.iupac.org//terms/view/13724 Th1 https://goldbook.iupac.org//terms/view/13718 Th2 https://goldbook.iupac.org//terms/view/13719 cytokines https://goldbook.iupac.org//terms/view/13065 immune system https://goldbook.iupac.org//terms/view/13271 interleukin https://goldbook.iupac.org//terms/view/13338 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II https://goldbook.iupac.org//terms/view/13432 PAC, 2012, 84, 1113. 'IUPAC glossary of terms used in immunotoxicology (IUPAC Recommendations 2012)' on page 1173 (https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-11-06-03) https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/13199/html https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/13199/json https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/13199/plain Citation: 'helper T lymphocyte' in IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; 2025. Online version 5.0.0, 2025. 10.1351/goldbook.13199 The IUPAC Gold Book is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike CC BY-SA 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) for individual terms. If you are interested in licensing the Gold Book for commercial use, please contact the IUPAC Executive Director at executivedirector@iupac.org . The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is continuously reviewing and, where needed, updating terms in the Compendium of Chemical Terminology (the IUPAC Gold Book). Users of these terms are encouraged to include the version of a term with its use and to check regularly for updates to term definitions that you are using. 2026-07-13T15:57:22+00:00