12332 IUPAC Gold Book - ambient ionization 10.1351/goldbook.12332 12332 current mentioned: direct analysis in real time (DART) 1 Desorption of molecules and formation of ions outside the mass spectrometer directly from samples in their native environment with no or minimal sample preparation. "Direct analysis in real time" is a proprietary term indicating the formation of ions from a solid or liquid sample at atmospheric pressure through the interaction of a gas stream containing internally excited atoms or molecules with the surface. The excited-state species are typically formed in a glow discharge in helium or nitrogen. The term should only be used to describe the commercial product. Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) and direct analysis in real time (DART). PAC, 2013, 85, 1515. 'Definitions of terms relating to mass spectrometry (IUPAC Recommendations 2013)' on page 1521 (https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06) https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/12332/html https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/12332/json https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/12332/plain Citation: 'ambient ionization' in IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; 2025. Online version 5.0.0, 2025. 10.1351/goldbook.12332 The IUPAC Gold Book is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike CC BY-SA 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) for individual terms. If you are interested in licensing the Gold Book for commercial use, please contact the IUPAC Executive Director at executivedirector@iupac.org . The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is continuously reviewing and, where needed, updating terms in the Compendium of Chemical Terminology (the IUPAC Gold Book). Users of these terms are encouraged to include the version of a term with its use and to check regularly for updates to term definitions that you are using. 2026-06-20T07:26:25+00:00