11361 IUPAC Gold Book - velopharyngeal insufficiency 10.1351/goldbook.11361 11361 current synonym: velopharyngeal incompetence 1 Inability to achieve closure of the velopharyngeal sphincter (closure of the muscle of the soft palate) during speech, owing to muscular dysfunction, cleft palate, or other disorders. This insufficiency often causes speech problems by allowing air to escape through the nose instead of the mouth. cleft palate https://goldbook.iupac.org//terms/view/10534 sphincter https://goldbook.iupac.org//terms/view/11247 PAC, 2016, 88, 713. 'Glossary of terms used in developmental and reproductive toxicology (IUPAC Recommendations 2016)' on page 819 (https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-1202) https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/11361/html https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/11361/json https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/11361/plain Citation: 'velopharyngeal insufficiency' in IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; 2025. Online version 5.0.0, 2025. 10.1351/goldbook.11361 The IUPAC Gold Book is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike CC BY-SA 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) for individual terms. If you are interested in licensing the Gold Book for commercial use, please contact the IUPAC Executive Director at executivedirector@iupac.org . The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is continuously reviewing and, where needed, updating terms in the Compendium of Chemical Terminology (the IUPAC Gold Book). Users of these terms are encouraged to include the version of a term with its use and to check regularly for updates to term definitions that you are using. 2026-07-16T05:54:33+00:00