10080 IUPAC Gold Book - Plackett−Burman design 10.1351/goldbook.10080 10080 current 1 Incomplete experimental design to estimate main effects for which each combination of factor levels for any pair of factors appears the same number of times. Plackett–Burman designs are typically given for two levels, with a number of experiments that is a multiple of 4 but not a power of 2. (The latter case is a fractional-factorial design). For \(4 \times N\) experiments, \(4 \times N − 1\) main effects and the mean are estimated. If less than \(4 \times N − 1\) factors are being studied, dummy factors are inserted which allow estimation of the repeatability standard deviation of the measurement results. The coded experimental design for \(4 \times N = 12\), where \(+1\) and \(-1\) represent the two levels of factors \(X_{1}\) … \(X_{11}\) is given below. The order of performing the runs should be randomised. dummy factors https://goldbook.iupac.org//terms/view/10070 experimental design https://goldbook.iupac.org//terms/view/10071 factor levels https://goldbook.iupac.org//terms/view/10072 fractional-factorial design https://goldbook.iupac.org//terms/view/10073 main effects https://goldbook.iupac.org//terms/view/10076 PAC, 2016, 88, 407. 'Vocabulary of concepts and terms in chemometrics (IUPAC Recommendations 2016)' on page 416 (https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0605) https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/10080/html https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/10080/json https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/10080/plain Citation: 'Plackett−Burman design' in IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; 2025. Online version 5.0.0, 2025. 10.1351/goldbook.10080 The IUPAC Gold Book is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike CC BY-SA 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) for individual terms. If you are interested in licensing the Gold Book for commercial use, please contact the IUPAC Executive Director at executivedirector@iupac.org . The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is continuously reviewing and, where needed, updating terms in the Compendium of Chemical Terminology (the IUPAC Gold Book). Users of these terms are encouraged to include the version of a term with its use and to check regularly for updates to term definitions that you are using. 2026-04-21T08:54:36+00:00