09360 IUPAC Gold Book - Tougaard background 10.1351/goldbook.09360 09360 current 1 In Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, intensity distribution of the background due to inelastic scattering obtained from the differential inelastic scattering cross section with respect to energy loss and the three-dimensional distribution of the emitting atoms in the surface region. A number of classes of atomic distributions can be used together with different differential inelastic scattering cross sections. The atomic distribution and the inelastic scattering cross section should be specified. The Tougaard background is usually calculated to match the measured spectrum over a wide energy range that excludes the peak region and the spectral region extending to approximately \(\pu{50 eV}\) less kinetic energy than the peaks of interest. The measured spectrum should be corrected for the spectrometer response function of the measuring instrument before the calculation of the Tougaard background. Auger electron spectroscopy https://goldbook.iupac.org//terms/view/09172 Shirley background https://goldbook.iupac.org//terms/view/09355 inelastic scattering cross section https://goldbook.iupac.org//terms/view/09336 spectrometer response function https://goldbook.iupac.org//terms/view/09283 PAC, 2020, 92, 1781. 'Glossary of methods and terms used in surface chemical analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2020)' on page 1831 (https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0404) https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/09360/html https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/09360/json https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/09360/plain Citation: 'Tougaard background' in IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; 2025. Online version 5.0.0, 2025. 10.1351/goldbook.09360 The IUPAC Gold Book is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike CC BY-SA 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) for individual terms. If you are interested in licensing the Gold Book for commercial use, please contact the IUPAC Executive Director at executivedirector@iupac.org . The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is continuously reviewing and, where needed, updating terms in the Compendium of Chemical Terminology (the IUPAC Gold Book). Users of these terms are encouraged to include the version of a term with its use and to check regularly for updates to term definitions that you are using. 2026-04-21T02:22:08+00:00