Measurement of
charging potential of a sample in order to correct the measured energies so that those energies correspond to a sample with no surface charge.
Notes: - Charge referencing is often conducted using adventitious carbon referencing, using internal carbon referencing or by gold decoration, or by referencing to the substrate when grounded.
- Different charging potentials can occur on different areas or at different depths in a sample, arising, for example, from sample inhomogeneities or the non-uniform intensity of the incident flux of radiation.
Source:
PAC, 2020, 92, 1781. 'Glossary of methods and terms used in surface chemical analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2020)' on page 1822 (https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0404)