Title: direct analysis in real time
Long Title: IUPAC Gold Book - direct analysis in real time
DOI: 10.1351/goldbook.09182
Status: current

Definition
Measurement method in which a mass spectrometer is used to measure the ratio of mass to charge and the abundance of ionized entities emitted from a sample in air as a result of the interaction with a beam containing metastable, excited atoms heated to about \(\pu{500^{\circ}C}\).

Notes
1) DART is the registered trademark of JEOL, USA, Inc.
2) The beam atoms usually used are helium, nitrogen, or neon.
3) Both positive and negative ions are observed, although the mechanism for positive ions can be through protonation involving water molecules and the process for negative ions through Penning ionization.

Related Term
- plasma assisted desorption ionization: https://goldbook.iupac.org//terms/view/09190

Source
- PAC, 2020, 92, 1781. 'Glossary of methods and terms used in surface chemical analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2020)' on page 1786 (https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0404)

Other Outputs
- html: https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/09182/html
- json: https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/09182/json
- xml: https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/09182/xml

Citation: Citation: 'direct analysis in real time' in IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; 2025. Online version 5.0.0, 2025. 10.1351/goldbook.09182
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Disclaimer: The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is continuously reviewing and, where needed, updating terms in the Compendium of Chemical Terminology (the IUPAC Gold Book). Users of these terms are encouraged to include the version of a term with its use and to check regularly for updates to term definitions that you are using.
Accessed: 2025-10-05T05:32:22+00:00