{"term":{"id":"09065","title":"formal electrode potential","longtitle":"IUPAC Gold Book - formal electrode potential","doi":"10.1351\/goldbook.09065","code":"09065","status":"current","synonym":"<em>synonym<\/em>: formal potential","definitions":[{"id":1,"text":"Equilibrium electrode potential under conditions of unit concentration of species involved in the electrode reaction. \\[E_{\\rm{eq}} = E^{\\circ\\prime} - (RT\/zF) \\mathop \\sum \\limits_{i} \\nu_{i} \\ln(c_{i}\/c^{\\circ)\\] where \\(E_{\\rm{eq}}\\) is the equilibrium electrode potential, \\(R\\) the gas constant, \\(T\\) the thermodynamic temperature, \\(F\\) the Faraday constant, \\(z\\) the electron number of an electrochemical reaction, \\(\\nu_{\\rm{i}}\\) the stoichiometric coefficients (numbers of species) in the equation of the electrode reaction (positive for products and negative for reactants), and \\(c_{\\rm{i}}\\) are the amount concentrations of the species involved (most usually ions).","notes":{"1":"It is \\(E^{\\circ\\prime}\\) which is calculated in electrochemical experiments when the concentrations of the various species are known, but their activities are not. Its value depends on the composition of the electrolyte solution. The argument of ln is dimensionless, while the concentration \\(c_{\\rm{i}}\\) is normalized through division by the standard concentration, usually \\(c^{\\circ} = \\pu{1 mol dm-3}\\) for soluble species.."},"links":[{"term":"Equilibrium electrode potential","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/\/terms\/view\/09064"},{"term":"electron number of an electrochemical reaction","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/\/terms\/view\/09063"}],"sources":["PAC, 2020, 92, 641. 'Terminology of Electrochemical Methods of Analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019)' on page 648 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/pac-2018-0109)"]}],"altoutputs":{"html":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/terms\/view\/09065\/html","xml":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/terms\/view\/09065\/xml","plain":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/terms\/view\/09065\/plain"},"citation":"Citation: 'formal electrode potential' in IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; 2025. Online version 5.0.0, 2025. 10.1351\/goldbook.09065","license":"The IUPAC Gold Book is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike CC BY-SA 4.0 International (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/) for individual terms.","collection":"If you are interested in licensing the Gold Book for commercial use, please contact the IUPAC Executive Director at executivedirector@iupac.org .","disclaimer":"The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is continuously reviewing and, where needed, updating terms in the Compendium of Chemical Terminology (the IUPAC Gold Book). Users of these terms are encouraged to include the version of a term with its use and to check regularly for updates to term definitions that you are using.","accessed":"2026-08-07T04:43:57+00:00"}}