@article{IUPAC+N04111+2025,
url = {https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04111},
institution = {International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)},
year = {2025},
title = {net electric charge},
doi = {doi:10.1351/goldbook.N04111},
edition = {5.0.0}
}